To investigate the relationship between development of traumatic brain edema and changes in posterior hypothalamus excitability, different nuclei of the hypothalamus were excited with electrical stimulation. According to the stimulation method, forty rabbits were randomly divided into the following groups. Group A animals( n =8) were not stimulated and used as the sham control. Group B animals( n =8) underwent stimulation of the posterior nucleus of hypothalamus (PH), Group C ( n =8) stimulation of the dorsal medial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH), and Group D ( n =8) stimulation of the ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH). In group E animals( n =8), ? receptor antagonist Regitine was injected intravenously before stimulating PH. During the course of stimulation, intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored continuously. 3h later, the animals were sacrificed and their cerebral tissue was examined for content of water, K + and Na + . Changes in blood brain barrier (BBB) were traced by a colloidal gold technique. The results showed that stimulation of the three nuclei caused an acute elevation of ICP,which was significantly higher than that before stimulations ( P

Objective To explore the rule of early Jun’ expression in craniocerebral gunshot injury and its significance. Methods After a direct shot of the dog′s head with a small calibre rifle, the expression of Jun ′ protein was assayed by immunohistochemistry method at different periods and in different regions, and the water contents and the ultrastructural changes in brain tissue were also observed. Results Nearly no Jun expression was found in cerebral tissues of the control group. However, the Jun expression was first observed begun at 30min postinjury both at the regions of contusion and concussion ( P

Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Mastoiditis ; Otitis Media

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of compound pollen typhae extract on nephritis hematuria and renal function in rats, the pharmacodynamics evaluation laid a foundation for the development of hospital preparations compound pollen typhae granule. METHODS: The rat model of renal hematuria was induced by immunogen bovine serum albumin (BSA) gavages, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) subcutaneous injection, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tail vein injection. Intragastric administration of high, medium and low-dose compound pollen typhae extract was performed for 6 weeks. Testing concentration of serum creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen (BUN) and total protein (TP) in rat blood, and 24 h urine protein, urine creatinine quantitative, urine deformed erythrocyte number were detected in the fourth week and sixth week respectively. RESULTS: Compound pollen typhae extract reduced the urine deformed erythrocyte number, 24 h urinary proteins quantitative, cut down SCr and BUN, and increased TP and CCr, there are significant differences(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compound pollen typhae extract is effective in the treatment of glomerulonephritis hematuria in rat model through improving renal function, with high dose group of best effect.

Objective To investigate the application of Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ASIA) in China.MethodsThe articles were retrieved in CNKI website (www.cnki.net),full-text Chinese journal database using the following parameters:searching words:"spinal cord injury" and "ASIA",publication time:1979-2006.Results164 articles were harvested,and 140 relevant papers of them were selected for analysis.ConclusionASIA Classification is widely used in China(Mainland).Constructive suggestions for the modification of this Classification were accumulated,while delayed use and misuse of it were found in some studies.

Glioma is the most common form of brain cancer. Despite recent advances in the treatment of solid tumors, there are few effective treatments for malignant gliomas due to its infiltrative nature. It has important significance to improve the treatment of glioma through in-depth understanding the intracerebral metabolic characteristics and pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutics. Brain microdialysis (B-MD), an effective method to monitor central nervous system anticancer drug disposition, conditions of drugs through the blood-brain barrier, basic pathophysiologic metabolism, bioactive compounds and the changes of neurotransmitter in brain, provides the unique opportunity to allow the simultaneous determination of unbound concentrations of drugs in several tissues, and directly measure gliomas biochemistry continuously. B-MD has been able to monitor the change of brain drugs, metabolites and neurotransmitters, dynamic analysis of the drug concentration and pharmacological effect after administration, pharmacodynamic interaction between drugs, receptor mechanism of drug transport, as well as feedback information of internal environment. B-MD is expected to provide reference for clinical individual chemotherapy of glioma, but also provide powerful tools for the evaluation of new anticancer drugs in vivo. In this review, a comprehensive overview of B-MD for studies on glioma is elucidated with special emphasis on its application to neurochemistry and pharmacokinetic studies.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Glioma ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography

Therapeutic strategies targeting tumor angiogenesis have been approved for cancer therapy. Vasculature normalization induced by anti-angiogenic drugs can restore abnormal tumor vessels, and improve the tumor microenvironment characterized by hypoxia, extracellular acidosis, and high interstitial lfuid pressure, improve the cancer treatment results by chemoradiotherapy and immunotherapy.

Objective To explore the influence of Akt inhibitor MK2206 in the proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma TCA-8113 cells,and to clarify the possible mechanism.Methods The tongue squamous carcinoma TCA-8113 cells at the logarithmic phase were randomly divided into control group and 1,5,25,125, 250 nmol·L-1 MK2206 groups.The inhibitory rate of proliferation of TCA-8113 cells was detected with MTT method,and the apoptotic rate of TCA-8113 cells was determined with flow cytometry(FCM),and the expressions of caspase-9,Bad,GSK-3β,p-Akt and T-Akt proteins in the TCA-8113 cells were detected with Western blotting method.Results The IC50 of tongue squamous cell carcinoma TCA-8113 cells after treated with MK2206 for 12, 24,and 36 h were (112.54±1.67),(79.67±2.01),and (33.33±1.98)nmol·L-1 .The FCM results showed that the apoptotic rates of TCA-8113 cells after treated with 1,5,25,125,and 250 nmol·L-1 MK2206 for 12 h were (14.2±0.74)%,(19.3±0.45)%,(35.1±0.45)%,(39.6±0.48)% and (52.1±0.19)%;there were significant differences compared with control group(P<0.01).The Western blotting method results showed that the expressions of p-Akt, Bad and GSK-3βwere decreased with the increasing of dose and time of MK2206;compared with theβ-actin in control group,the bands got darken;the expression level of caspase-9 was increased, compared with theβ-actin in control group, the bands got darken;the T-Akt protein expression did not change significantly;compared with the β-actin in control group, the color of bands had no significant difference.Conclusion Akt inhibitor MK2206 can inhibit the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma TCA-8113 cells and induce apoptosis.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; congenital

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that peripheral blood stem cel s can highly differentiate into vascular endothelial cel s to promote blood vessel regeneration, and improve col ateral circulation, thereby achieving satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of limb ischemia. OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical effect in diabetic lower extremity vascular disease patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty combined with autologous peripheral blood stem cel transplantation. METHODS:Fifty patients hospitalized for diabetic lower extremity vascular disease from March in 2011 to December in 2014 were col ected:25 cases underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as control group;another 25 underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty combined with autologous peripheral blood stem cel transplantation as combination group. At 1, 6, 12 months after surgery, subjective scores of affected limb pain and cold sensation were recorded, additional y, objective indicators, including ankle-brachial index, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure, and claudication distance were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ankle-brachial index scores of the two groups were significantly increased, especial y at 1 month after surgery, but decreased at 6, 12 months, and there was a significant difference compared with that before treatment (P<0.05);at 1, 6, and 12 months, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). At 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery, both of transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure and claudication distance in the two groups were significantly increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with the control group, these two indicators in the combination group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Within 12-month follow-up, affected limb pain and cold sensation were improved in the two groups, especial y in the combination group. Inevitably, three cases had hypocalcemia during the col ection of peripheral blood stem cel s, and two cases developed fever and 3 cases appeared to have local exudation after surgery. All these symptoms were released by symptomatic treatments, respectively. In conclusion, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty combined with autologous peripheral blood stem cel transplantation for diabetic lower extremity vascular lesions can promote the establishment of affected limb col ateral circulation, to decrease the risk of limb ischemia, which achieves significant outcomes than percutaneous transluminal angioplasty used alone.