BACKGROUND: Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent has been extensively explore in tracing imaging following stem cell transplantation, arabinogalactan cell membrane receptor targeted imaging, as well as liposome-coated SPIO. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research state of liposome-coated SPIO. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI and Science Direct (1998-01/2009-09) was performed to search the articles about liposome-coated SPIO with key words "SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide, liposome, MR contrast agent" in Chinese and English. Articles related to MR contrast agent, and published in recently or authorial journals of the same field were included. A total of 48 articles were collected, and 24 articles and 1 composition related to liposome-coated SPIO were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The incessant innovation in MR contrast agents can greatly improve the diagnosis of MRI. Due to the good performances, diagnostic value of SPIO in many diseases has surpassed previous MR contrast agents. Liposome-coated SPIO has the merits of low toxic side effect, and well targeting in specific tissues, thereby extensively being used in experimental studies and clinical application. With the development of functional imaging and molecular imaging, the use of liposome-coated SPIO must be more extensive.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of frozen-thawed murine islets which were transplanted into diabetic rats after cultured with hyperbaric oxygenated rotary cell culture system (HORCCS). Methods The purified rat islets were divided into two groups: A. In vitro experiment groups (IvEG) : The rat islets in each subgroup were cultured in HORCCS or common medium for 30 days, then evaluated for the intracellular DNA and insulin contents of islets, and the viability and insulin secreting level of islets. B. Islet transplantation experimental groups (TxEG) : The frozen-thawed islets were cultured in HORCCS or common medium for 7 days, and then transplanted into the recipients. We observed the blood glucose level (BGL) and insulin secreting level in the recipients as well as the uhrastructure change of islets in TxEG. Results The viability and insulin secreting level of islets cultured with HORCCS at 14th day were much higher than those cultured with common medium (P <0.05). The blood glucose level in recipients transplanted with islets cultured with HORCCS recovered to normal value at the 2nd week and lasted for 8 weeks. All these recipients maintained the normal glucose tolerance curve. Electronic microscopy found microchannel outlets on the surface of the frozen-thawed islets cultured with HORCCS. Conclusions Frozen-thawed islets cultured with HORCCS could establish nutrient transmission microchannels, which were not only capable of oxygen and nutrients transmission, but also improving cryopreservation solution to diffuse inside the islet cells evenly and uniformly. So this method not only lessens islet damage from cryopreservation, but also improves the effect of transplantation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between cognitive function and emotional status in functional constipation patients.Methods Thirty-five functional constipation patients (the functional constipation group) and 24 healthy controls (the HCs) were enrolled in an event-related potential (ERP),behavior and electroeneephalogram study while performing an oddball auditory task.Response time,accuracy,latency and P300 amplitude were compared between the two groups.The Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17),Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA),symptom check list-90 (SCL-90) and Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) were administered prior to the oddball task.Results The average HAMD-17,HAM A and SCL-90 (the somatization,obsessive-compulsive disorder,depression,anxiety and psychosis dimensions) scores of the functional constipation group differed significantly from those of the HCs.The intro-extraversion and neurosis dimensions of the EPQ were also significantly different.There was no significant difference in response time or latency between the two groups.The ERP results showed that the P300 amplitudes at the F3 and F7 sites were significantly different between the functional constipation group and the HCs.But there was no significant difference in P300 latencies at F3 or F7 between the two groups.Conclusions The findings suggest that patients with functional constipation are more susceptible to depression and anxiety,as well as somatization,obsessive-compulsive tendencies and other neurotic personality characteristics.Patients may employ psychological defense mechanisms to avoid the depression and anxiety.The ERP results imply there may be the implicit cognitive dysfunction with emotion in patients with functional constipation.

0.05). In the group of pirenzepine, the RBF, velocity and volume significantly increased at 0.5 h and 1 h after injection compared with that before injection (P0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that pirenzepine could increase RBF and oxygen in blood with the peak time at 0.5 h and 1 h after intravitreous injection.

Objective To study the effects and mechanism of different administrations of atorvastatin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) in rats.Methods A total of 160 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:sham group,MI/R group,atorvastatin of conventional dose (MI/R + N) group,atorvastatin of preoperative signal loading dose (MI/R+SL) group,and atorvastatin of preoperative continuous loading dose (MI/ R+ML) group.MI/R model was established in the rats.Myocardial infarction size was detected by Evans blue/ TTC staining.The activity of ATPase of cardiac muscle and the levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA.The level of LVEF％ was detected by small animal ultrasound.Results Compared with MI/R+N group,MI/R+ SL and MI/R+ ML groups had significantly smaller myocardial infarction size (P＜0.05),higher activity of ATPase (P＜0.05),lower levels of serum IL-6 andTNF-α (P＜0.05),and more advancedLVEF％ (P＜0.05).However,MI/R+SL group and MI/R+ML group did not differ significantly in the above-mentioned parameters.Conclusion Atorvastatin of loading dose might alleviate MI/R injury by improving ATP metabolism of cardiac muscle and reducing abnormal expressions of inflammation factors.Meanwhile,the administration of preoperative continuous loading dose and preoperative signal loading dose of atorvastatin may not differ in protecting against MI/R injury.

Objective To evaluate surgical treatment of infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.Methods The data on surgical treatment of 45 patients with infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm admitted from January 2003 to June 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Fourty-three patients underwent operative treatment including excision of infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm,exhaustive debridement and bypass graft with vascular prosthesis.Two patients were unavoidable to undergo removing of infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm and ligating the proximal and distal artery of pseudoaneurysm because of severe infection and large volume.Results The patients were followed up from 3 to 12 months(mean 7.82 months).The limbs of all the patients underwent bypass graft with vascular prosthesis were salvaged successfully,patients of which had secondary wound healing and had not intermittent lameness.One of two patients performed ligation of artery was salvaged successfully but had severe intermittent lameness,another patient underwent high amputation above knee because of ischemic gangrene.ConclusionFor infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm,the operative treatment including excision of infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm,exhaustive debridement and bypass graft with vascular prosthesis is effective and safe.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of moxibustion with different doses for knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and explore the correlation between moxibustion dose and clinical efficacy. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with KOA who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a 20-minute moxibustion group and a 40-minute moxibustion group by the random number table method, with 34 cases in each group. Dubi (ST 35), Neixiyan (EX-LE 4) and Heding (EX-LE 2) were used for moxibustion in the two groups. Each treatment lasted 20 min or 40 min for each point in the 20-minute moxibustion group and 40-minute moxibustion group, separately; the treatment was given 3 times a week and lasted for 4 weeks. The visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scores were evaluated before and after treatment to compare the efficacy between different moxibustion doses for KOA. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate was 87.5％ in the 40-minute moxibustion group, versus 70.0％ in the 20-minute moxibustion group, and the difference in the total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS scores, the total WOMAC scores and the component scores of pain, stiffness and dysfunction, and the TCM symptom scores in both groups all changed significantly when compared with those before treatment (all P<0.05). After treatment, the between-group differences in the VAS score, the total WOMAC score and the component scores of pain and dysfunction, and the TCM symptom score were statistically significant (all P<0.05), while the difference in the stiffness score in WOMAC showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion: Either 20-minute moxibustion or 40-minute moxibustion can relieve pain, improve stiffness, dysfunction, and TCM symptoms for KOA; and 40-minute moxibustion is better in relieving pain, improving dysfunction and TCM symptoms.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of mild moxibustion for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and to explore the role of mild moxibustion in relieving pain,reducing stiffness and improving joint dysfunction in patients with KOA.Methods:Eighty patients with KOA were randomly allocated into either a moxibustion group or a medication group by the random number table,with 40 cases in each group.The moxibustion group used mild moxibustion at Neixiyan (EX-LE 5),Dubi (ST 35),Xuehai (SP 10) and Liangqiu (ST 34),30 min each time,3 times a week;the medication group was given celecoxib capsule (celebrex),0.2 g each time,once a day.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.The visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC)scores were evaluated before and after treatment.The efficacy of the two groups was compared after treatment.Results:After treatment,the overall efficacy of the moxibustion group was significantly different from that of the medication group (P＜0.05).The VAS and WOMAC scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment (both P＜0.01).The changes in the VAS and WOMAC scores after treatment in the moxibustion group were significantly different from those in the medication group (both P＜0.05).After treatment,in single item of WOMAC,the changes in pain and joint dysfunction in the moxibustion group were more statistically significant than those in the medication group (both P＜0.05).Conclusion:Mild moxibustion and oral celebrex can reduce the VAS and WOMAC scores of patients with KOA.Mild moxibustion is superior to oral celebrex in relieving pain and improving joint function.

Objective To explore the effection of four types of surgery for the treatment of adenoid hypertrophy . Methods 148 cases of with adenoid hypertrophy treated in our hospital between April 2012 and April 2015 were chose;they were randomly divided into 4 groups ,each group of 37 people .A group of patients with adenoid hypertrophy were taken traditional ade‐noidectomy curettage;Group B with nasal endoscopic adenoidectomy and cutting aspiration biopsy ;Group C by adenoidectomy shave their + residual endoscopic adenoidectomy bit cut method combined treatment ;Group D with nasal endoscopic adenoidectomy plas‐ma cutting treatment .The curative effect ,operation time ,blood loss were observed ;patients were followed‐up for half a year ,ade‐noidectomy residual rate and complications of each group were compared .Results The total effective rate of B ,C ,D three groups were significantly higher in group A patients (χ2 =7 .731 ,5 .045 ,7 .731 ,P<0 .05) ,the efficient between three groups was not sta‐tistically different (P>0 .05) .B ,C ,D three groups of operation time is significantly higher than A group of patients (t=5 .819 , 5 .829 ,2 .759 ,P<0 .05);B and C group had long operation time than group D (t=3 .555 ,3 .637 ,P<0 .05);But operation time of B and C had no significant difference between the two groups (t=0 .149 ,P>0 .149) .Bleeding of B and C group were significantly higher than group A (t=9 .305 ,4 .126 ,P<0 .05);Group D was significantly lower than A ,B ,C three group (t=8 .054 ,16 .559 , 12 .837 ,P<0 .05);Group C and group B was significantly higher than the bleeding (t=5 .739 ,P<0 .05) .Retention rate of group A is significantly higher than the other three groups (χ2 =31 .308 ,31 .308 ,24 .667 ,P<0 .05) ,the residual rate of B ,C ,B group were lower ,there was no statistically significant difference(P> 0 .05) .Complication rates between the four groups was no statistical difference(P>0 .05) .Conclusion we should choose the right means of surgical treatment according to patients condition and eco‐nomic situation to .

Objective To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of malignant pancreatic endocrine tumor. Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with malignant pancreatic endocrine tumor who had been admitted to First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 1969 to December 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Of all patients, 6 were with insulinoma, 23 with pancreatic polypeptide tumor, 4 with glucagonoma and 5 with pancreatic carcinoid. Results All patients except 1 with insulinoma were found with pancreatic lesion by imaging examination. The resection rate was 87% (33/38). Pathological examination found 7 patients with liver metastasis, 5 with lymph node metastasis, 1 with tumor thrombus in vessels and lymphatic vessels, and 28 with local invasion. Twenty-four patients were followed up, and neither recurrence nor metastasis was found except 1 patient with insulinoma who received reoperation for local recurrence and 1 patient with pancreatic carcinoid who received radiofrequency ablation for liver metastasis. Conclusions The diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine tumor mainly depends on imaging examination. The malignancy of pancreatic endocrine tumor is determined after the comprehensive analysis of preoperative imaging findings, intraoperative examination, post-operative pathological examination and the data obtained during follow-up. The malignant pancreatic endocrine tumor should be managed actively by resection because of its relatively low malignancy, high operative resectability and relatively good prognosis.