Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a cognitive impairment caused by cerebrovascular disease and its risk factors,its mechanism is very complex Recent studies have shown that cerebral microbleed (CMB) is correlated with VCI.This article reviews the relationship between CMB and VCI.

Objective To observe the curative effect of acupuncture on insulin receptor substrate 1 ( IRS-1) , IRS-2 and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle of experimental rats with insulin resistance (IR) . Methods Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, acupuncture normal group and acupuncture model group. The fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) level was detected with glucose oxidase method, fasting insulin and C-peptide ( C-P) were examined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) , insulin sensitivity index ( ISI) was calculated, and IRS-1 mRNA, IRS-2 mRNA and GLUT4 mRNA of skeletal muscle were observed by real-time PCR-based fluorescent assay in each group. Results Compared to the normal group, the FPG, FINS, C-P levels were increased dramatically (P<0.01), ISI, IRS-1 mRNA, IRS-2 mRNA and GLUT4 mRNA of the model group declined remarkably ( P<0.01). Compared to the model group, the FPG, FINS, C-P levels declined evidently ( P<0.05 or P<0.01) , and ISI, IRS-1 mRNA, IRS-2 mRNA and GLUT4 mRNA of the acupuncture model group were increased dramatically ( P<0.01). Conclusion The curative mechanism of acupuncture for insulin resistance is probably related to the increase of IRS-1 mRNA, IRS-2 mRNA and GLUT4 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle which contributes to the improvement of PI3K signal pathway.

Objective To observe the effects of Astragalus Polysaccharide(ASP)and total glucosides of paeony(TGP)on lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells.Methods The content of lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells was measured through photoes under microscope and graph analysis software.Results In the culture medium without apoA-I,the content of lipid accumulation in the groups of ASP was increased significantly(P

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma ; blood ; diagnosis ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; blood ; Prognosis

Objective:To enhance the ability of organizing, commanding, decision-making and contingency-meeting of campaign medical support commanding officers so as to qualify them for their positions by simulation training. Methods: Based on the decision support theory, modern medical support theory, health service optimized decision support system and medical support command simulation training system, we designed and constructed a simulation training platform for medical support decision optimization. Results: A network-based simulation training platform was successfully constructed, which gives a strong support to the simulation training in medical support decision optimization under the network circumstance. Conclusion: The application of the simulation training platform has enriched the content and renewed the pattern of training in decision optimization for campaign medical support commanding officers.

To compare the efficiency of methods of DNA extraction from lungs of Pomacea canaliculataused in PCR assay, 80 P.canaliculata collected in field were divided into 8 groups and the lungs of each snail were separated from the soft body. Six methods of DNA extraction from lungs of P. canaliculata were used to extract DNA from lungs, i.e. With Qiagen, Tiangen,and Omega commercial DNA extraction kits, guanidine thiocyanate method, Chelex 100 resin method and Chelex-silica particle method. The 16S rDNA of C.canaliculata was amplified by PCR and the concentration of PCR-products relative to marker was determined in order to evaluate the efficiency of each method. It was demonstrated that each method was valid to extract DNA from lungs used in PCR assay, but the concentrations of PCR-products were different. The concentrations of PCR-products obtained by Qiangen kit, Omega kit, Chelex 100 resin method and Chelex-silica particle method were significantly higher than those of other 4 methods of DNA extraction, in which Qiangen and Omega kits were suitable for small sample size. In term of efficiency and cost, Chelex 100 method and Chelex-silica particle method were feasible for large sample scale, while the guanidine thiocyanate method was preferred due to its fast extraction and low cost, but on account of its toxicity, it is used in urgent status or in large scale of sample extraction.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment and the effet of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) on cognitive function in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods The data of patients with ischemic stroke over the age of 50 were collected.The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale and Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale were used to evaluate cognitive function.Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) was used to evaluate the depression status in order to exclude the patients with depression.The patients with ischemic stroke were divided into either a cognitive impairment group or a non-cognitive impairment group according to the scale evaluation results.The demographic and clinical characteristics in both groups were compared,and the multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to look for the independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic stroke.The Spearman rank correlation method was used to analyze the degree of CBMs,total score of MoCA,and the correlations of all cognitive domains scores.Results A total of 169 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled in the study.There were 80 patients in the cognitive impairment group and 89 in the non-cognitive impairment group; 34 patients had CMBs and 135 had no CMBs.The age was older (71.99 ±6.01 years vs.64.47 ±6.15 years; t =8.014,P =0.000),years of education were fewer (4.51 ± 1.534 years vs.6.94 ±2.357 years; t =8.023,P =0.000),systolic blood pressure was higher (156.19± 17.53 mm Hg vs.142.04± 16.03 mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa; t =5.479,P =0.000),scale of white matter lesion was higher (7.33 ± 2.04 vs.4.39 ± 2.17; t =8.951,P =0.000),cerebral infarction volume was larger (7 123.8 ± 1 587.1 mm3vs.5 628.4 ± 1 017.8 mm3;t =7.201 ; P =0.000),proportion of the patients with history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack was higher (46.2％ vs.28.1％;x2 =5.982; P=0.014),and number of CBMs was larger (x2 =17.565; P=0.000) in the cognitive impairment group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age (odds ratio [OR] 1.115,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.013-1.227; P =0.026),years of education (OR 0.490,95％ CI0.325-0.793; P=0.001),systolic blood pressure (OR 1.048,95％ CI 1.014-1.083; P =0.005),scale of white matter lesion (OR 2.044,95％ CI 1.466-2.851; P =0.000),and cerebral infarction volume (OR 2.204,95％ CI 1.386-3.503; P =0.001) were all the independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic stroke.Compared to the non-CBM group,the age was older (72.06 ± 5.59 years vs.67.01 ±7.15 years; t =4.427; P =0.000),years of education were fewer (3.97 ± 1.381 years vs.6.25 ±2.317 years; t =7.367,P =0.000),systolic blood pressure was higher (155.03 ±20.16 mm Hgvs.147.16 ±17.32 mm Hg; t =2.290,P =0.023),scale of white matter lesion was more higher (7.03 ±2.139 vs.5.47 ±2.591; t =3.247,P =0.001),cerebral infarction volume was larger (6 968.5 ± 1 507.4 mm3 vs.6 177.0 ±1 477.1 mm3; t =2.735,P =0.007),and proportions of hypertension (82.4％ vs.41.5％ ;x2 =18.149,P =0.000),hyperlipidemia (88.2％ vs.39.3 ％ ;x2 =26.067,P =0.000),history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (70.6％ vs.28.1％ ;x2 =21.061,P =0.000) and coronary heart disease (94.1％ vs.45.2％ ;x2 =26.278,P=0.000) were higher in the CBM group.The MoCA total score (M[Q1 ～ Q3]; 24 [24 ～25]vs.28 [27 ～ 28] ; Z =-7.092,P =0.000) as well as the scores of attention (6 [5 ～ 6] vs.6 [6 ～ 6] ; Z =-2.502,P =0.012),abstraction (2[1 ～2] vs.2[2 ～2] ; Z =-2.382,P =0.017) and visuoexecutive (2[1 ～2] vs.4[4 ～5]; Z=-7.321,P=0.000) in the CMB group were significantly lower than those in the nonCBM group.The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the CMB grade was negatively associated with the MoCA total score (rs =-0.879,P =0.000) as well as the scores of visuoexecutive (rs =-0.895,P =0.000),attention (rs =-0.337,P =0.005),and abstraction (rs =-0.333,P=0.006).Conclusions The age,years of education,systolic blood pressure,degree of white matter damage,and cerebral infarction volume are the risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment.The visuospatial executive dysfunction,attention and abstract thinking decline significantly in ischemic stroke patients with CBMs.CMBs and their numbers are closely associated with cognitive impairment.The more the CMB numbers are,the more obvious the cognitive impairment will be.

Objective To compare the diagnostic values of the detection of urine exfoliated cells by FISH and cytology technolo‐gy in bladder urothelial tumor .Methods The combination probes of CSP3/CSP7 and GLPp16/CSP17 were both used in the FISH detection of urine exfoliated cells from suspected patients with bladder urothelial tumor .The urine exfoliated cells were detected by cytology technology at the same time .The sensitivity and the specificity of the two methods were compared .Results The sensitivi‐ty and specificity of FISH for bladder urothelial tumor screening were 92 .5% and 85 .0% respectively ,and those of cytology tech‐nology were 27 .5% and 90 .0% respectively .The sensitivity of FISH was significantly higher than that of cytology technology (P<0 .05) ,however ,the specificity differences between FISH and cytology technology were not statistically significant (P>0 .05) .Conclusion FISH is expected to become a new method for the screening of bladder urothelial tumor .

Objective To evaluate four tumor markers of insulin-like growth factor 1((IGF-1), CEA, cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for the diagnosis and prediction of treatment response in human lung cancer. Methods Serum samples were taken from three groups: 91 patients with lung cancer, 30 healthy adults and 15 patients with benign pulmonary diseases. Serum IGF-1 was assayed by radioimmunoassay and CEA, CYFRA21-1, and NSE by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The differences among the three groups were determined by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and with Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by ROC curves. Results The four serum tumor marker levels were significantly higher in lung cancer group, as compared with the benign and the healthy (IGF-1:χ2=26.95,P<0.001, CEA:χ2=49.11,P<0.001; CYFRA21-1:χ2=40.63,P<0.001; NSE:χ2=14.76;P<0.001). The diagnostic sensitivities of IGF-1, CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE was 75.6% (34/45), 53.3% (24/45), 66.7% (30/45) and 42.2% (19/45) respectively for lung cancer. The diagnostic sensitivity of IGF-1 combined with CYFRA21-1 was 95.5 %( 43/45) and that of IGF-1 combined with CEA and CYFRA21-1was 97.8%(44/45). Only IGF-1 and CYFRA21-1 showed significant changes before and after treatment (IGF-1: χ2=5.99,P=0.014; CYFRA21-1:χ2=4.99, P=0.025) in cancer group. Conclusions Serum IGF-1, CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE are all valuable for lung cancer diagnosis and the combination of those parameters can enhance the diagnostic efficiency. Serum IGF-1 and CYFRA21-1 may also be useful for evaluating the treatment response in lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE To find out the reasons for the failure of sterilization of low temperature plasma antiseptic,and make corresponding measures to improve and standardize the plasma sterilization methods.METHODS A total of 280 times with the plasma sterilization by Johnson & Johnson STERRAD100S from the November 2007 to 2008 were conducted.RESULTS Among the antiseptic 280 pots,255 pots were completed smoothly.Another 25 pots were finished after removing the barriers.CONCLUSIONS The STERRAD100S low temperature plasma antiseptic is used standardizedly,taking effective measure,to speed up cycling rate of surgery instruments,reducing precious instrument's purchase and enhancing the antiseptic effect.It can positively use in operating room for antiseptic disinfection.