This paper introduced the fair benchmarks of evaluation framework for health system constructed by Daniels, et al, and its developmental application in evaluation of health resource allocation fairness .After introdu-cing the resources rational allocation of public health fair benchmarking fixed framework , this paper assessed the al-location of health resources according to the fixed framework .China has achieved good results in public health serv-ice interventions .But public sector governance , macro economic and social policy environment , factors such as ac-countability may restrict the improvement of the health care system .China's health expenditure allocations have un-fairness between provinces , urban and rural areas and different classes .China can use the new benchmark in the field of public health to promote the reform of health resource allocation fairness , make effective social health strate-gies.

Constructivism educational theory can provide a useful guidelines for health law education,this article finds the association of constructivist theory for health law education reform,and combined the with application of relevant theories on teaching practice experience,it also discusses how to provide a real promotion for the"students'first"concept.

Simulated teaching method is a necessary complement to theoretical teaching of health law,which meets the practical-oriented reform need and cultivates students with the literacy as a legal professional.The teaching method demands more requirements on teachers,students,teaching materials,organizational management,and more attention on contextual design,preparation details,implementation activities and evaluation of teaching.

Adult ; Female ; Hexanes ; poisoning ; Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; Male ; Myelin Proteins ; blood ; immunology ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; immunology ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and security of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy(RLUL) for impacted ureteral calculi after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit.Methods 5 patients with unilateral impacted ureteral calculi after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit received RLUL were selected,and a retrospective study was performed for manner,duration of surgery,complications and length of stay and other indicators,and the treatment effect was evaluated.Results All procedures were successful and the mean operation time was (82.0±27.7)min,the extubation time was (5.4±1.1)d,hospitalization time was (10.0±2.9)d.Postoperative follow up for 6-48 months,there were no obvious complications.Conclusion The RLUL showed satisfactory availability and security for management ureteral calculi after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit.

Objective To observe the incidence of acute radiation pneumonitis (ARP) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer treated by three-dimensional conformation radiotherapy or intersity-modulated radiation therapy,and investigate the predictive value of high dose volume and low dose volume of the total and ipsilateral lung on ARP.Methods 174 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer verified by pathology who received radical radiotherapy in our hospital from Aug 2013 to Nov 2015 were screened.Radioactive dose was 60 Gy-70 Gy,with 97 patients' dose of 60-64 Gy and 77 patients' dose of 65-70 Gy.Chemotherapy was done by paclitaxel + pentium first line treatment.155 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone and 19 with radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy.The V5～ V30,MLD (mean lung dose),V5ipis ～ V30ipsi,MLDipsi were calculated from the dose volume histogram system.The ARP was evaluated according to Common Toxicity Criteria 4.0 (CTC4.0).Univafiate and nultivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to assess the correlated factors of ARP.Results Of 174 patients,26 patients (14.94％) developed radioactive pneumonia at grade 2,11 patients (6.32％) at grade 3,2 patients (1.15％) at grade 4.The correlative factors included the radiochemotherapy regimen (sequential chemotherapy to radiotherapy or concurrent radiochemotherapy),V5,V10,V20,V30,MLD of the total lung and ipsilateral lung according to univariate analysis.Multivariate analysis of all the factors mentioned above showed the V5,V20ipsi and MLD were the independent predictive factors associated with ARP.ROC analysis indicated that the cut-off point of V5,V20ipsi,MLD were 62.38％,47.14％and 16.85Gy respectively.According to the V5,V20ipsi value,174 patients were divided into three groups:B group V5＜62％+V20ipsi≥47％,C group V5≥62％+V20ipsi＜47％,D group V5≥62％+V20ipsi≥47％.The chisquare test between the C group and D group has statistical significance.Conclusion V5,V20ipsi,and MLD are the independent risk factors of ARP.Compared with V5,limiting V20ipsi threshold is more likely to result in ARP.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of entrapment efficiency of matrine microspheres .Meth-ods:A Fortis XiC18 (250 mm ×4.6 mm, 5μm) column was used , the mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile-3%phosphoric acid solution (11∶80∶9).The flow rate was 0.6 ml· min-1.The detection wavelength was 210 nm, the column temperature was at 25℃and the sample size was 20 μl.Results: The linear range of matrine was 3-150 μg · ml-1 ( r =0.999 7).The recovery was 99.92%(RSD=0.97%, n=9).The entrapment efficiency of matrine microspheres was 81.85%±3.22%(n=3).Conclusion: The method is suitable for the determination of entrapment efficiency of matrine microspheres .

Dutch medical humanities education curriculum framework covers many disciplines which satisfies the professional requirements. The design and materials for teaching are based on re-search and practice driven; teachers' cooperation is full of experts from transnational, trans-regional, interdisciplinary, theory and practice. the Dutch university medical humanities provide a reference for China's medical humanities education curriculum reform as follows:the goal of medical humanities ed-ucation is for the medical practice but not intriguing sideline; the whole process of the students' par-ticipation mechanism should be full of support, supervision and examination;and the source of teachers should be multi-interdisciplinary and also from practice.

Background and purpose:The traditional 3 incision surgery is an important means of esophageal cancer treatment, however, accompanied by more postoperative complications and higher mortality. Minimally invasive esophagectomy is a prospective technology with advantages, such as little trauma and quick recovery. This study retrospectively analyzed the perioperative effect of the esophagus cancer patients who accepted thoracoscopic-laparoscopic esophagectomy (TLE), open-laparoscopic esophagectomy (OLE) and open esophagectomy (OE) from Jan. 2013 to Jan. 2015. Methods:In this study, 72 patients received TLE, 76 patients received OLE and 115 patients received OE, respectively. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test and Chi-square test were used to compare the differences of general clinical data, perioperative recover index, the number of lymphadenectomy and the postoperative complication among TLE, OLE and OE. Results:There were differences in the area of operative blood loss, duration of ICU stay and first standing time among the 3 groups. Pairwise comparison demonstrated that TLE group was signiifcantly better than OE group (P<0.012 5). The total number of lymphadenectomy among the 3 groups had no differences. However, the number of lymph node of the upper esophagus in the TLE groups was more than those in OLE group and OE group (P<0.001). The laryngeal recurrent nerve injury incidence in TLE group was signiifcantly higher than those in OLE group and OE group (P=0.012, 0.003). The total surgical complication had no differences among 3 groups. In areas of the cardiorespiratory system severe complication, 3 groups had statistical differences. Pairwise comparison showed TLE group was significantly less than OLE and OE group (P<0.0125). The first day and third day incidences of SIRS rate in TLE group were less than those in OLE group and OE group (P<0.0125). Conclusion:Comparing to OE group, with the same safety and feasibility, TLE had more advantages such as trauma, quick recovery, less complications. With the same effect of total lymphadenectomy to OE, TLE had the more advantage in upper mediastinal and recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node cleaning.

To investigate the effects of catechin on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, angiotensin II(Ang II) content and microvessel density (MVD) in renal tissues of 5/6 nephrectomized rats.