This paper introduced the fair benchmarks of evaluation framework for health system constructed by Daniels, et al, and its developmental application in evaluation of health resource allocation fairness .After introdu-cing the resources rational allocation of public health fair benchmarking fixed framework , this paper assessed the al-location of health resources according to the fixed framework .China has achieved good results in public health serv-ice interventions .But public sector governance , macro economic and social policy environment , factors such as ac-countability may restrict the improvement of the health care system .China's health expenditure allocations have un-fairness between provinces , urban and rural areas and different classes .China can use the new benchmark in the field of public health to promote the reform of health resource allocation fairness , make effective social health strate-gies.

Constructivism educational theory can provide a useful guidelines for health law education,this article finds the association of constructivist theory for health law education reform,and combined the with application of relevant theories on teaching practice experience,it also discusses how to provide a real promotion for the"students'first"concept.

Simulated teaching method is a necessary complement to theoretical teaching of health law,which meets the practical-oriented reform need and cultivates students with the literacy as a legal professional.The teaching method demands more requirements on teachers,students,teaching materials,organizational management,and more attention on contextual design,preparation details,implementation activities and evaluation of teaching.

Adult ; Female ; Hexanes ; poisoning ; Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; Male ; Myelin Proteins ; blood ; immunology ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; immunology ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the incidence of acute radiation pneumonitis (ARP) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer treated by three-dimensional conformation radiotherapy or intersity-modulated radiation therapy,and investigate the predictive value of high dose volume and low dose volume of the total and ipsilateral lung on ARP.Methods 174 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer verified by pathology who received radical radiotherapy in our hospital from Aug 2013 to Nov 2015 were screened.Radioactive dose was 60 Gy-70 Gy,with 97 patients' dose of 60-64 Gy and 77 patients' dose of 65-70 Gy.Chemotherapy was done by paclitaxel + pentium first line treatment.155 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone and 19 with radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy.The V5～ V30,MLD (mean lung dose),V5ipis ～ V30ipsi,MLDipsi were calculated from the dose volume histogram system.The ARP was evaluated according to Common Toxicity Criteria 4.0 (CTC4.0).Univafiate and nultivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to assess the correlated factors of ARP.Results Of 174 patients,26 patients (14.94％) developed radioactive pneumonia at grade 2,11 patients (6.32％) at grade 3,2 patients (1.15％) at grade 4.The correlative factors included the radiochemotherapy regimen (sequential chemotherapy to radiotherapy or concurrent radiochemotherapy),V5,V10,V20,V30,MLD of the total lung and ipsilateral lung according to univariate analysis.Multivariate analysis of all the factors mentioned above showed the V5,V20ipsi and MLD were the independent predictive factors associated with ARP.ROC analysis indicated that the cut-off point of V5,V20ipsi,MLD were 62.38％,47.14％and 16.85Gy respectively.According to the V5,V20ipsi value,174 patients were divided into three groups:B group V5＜62％+V20ipsi≥47％,C group V5≥62％+V20ipsi＜47％,D group V5≥62％+V20ipsi≥47％.The chisquare test between the C group and D group has statistical significance.Conclusion V5,V20ipsi,and MLD are the independent risk factors of ARP.Compared with V5,limiting V20ipsi threshold is more likely to result in ARP.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and security of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy(RLUL) for impacted ureteral calculi after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit.Methods 5 patients with unilateral impacted ureteral calculi after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit received RLUL were selected,and a retrospective study was performed for manner,duration of surgery,complications and length of stay and other indicators,and the treatment effect was evaluated.Results All procedures were successful and the mean operation time was (82.0±27.7)min,the extubation time was (5.4±1.1)d,hospitalization time was (10.0±2.9)d.Postoperative follow up for 6-48 months,there were no obvious complications.Conclusion The RLUL showed satisfactory availability and security for management ureteral calculi after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit.

Adipates ; analysis ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Esters ; analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Phthalic Acids ; analysis ; Workplace

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of entrapment efficiency of matrine microspheres .Meth-ods:A Fortis XiC18 (250 mm ×4.6 mm, 5μm) column was used , the mobile phase consisted of methanol-acetonitrile-3%phosphoric acid solution (11∶80∶9).The flow rate was 0.6 ml· min-1.The detection wavelength was 210 nm, the column temperature was at 25℃and the sample size was 20 μl.Results: The linear range of matrine was 3-150 μg · ml-1 ( r =0.999 7).The recovery was 99.92%(RSD=0.97%, n=9).The entrapment efficiency of matrine microspheres was 81.85%±3.22%(n=3).Conclusion: The method is suitable for the determination of entrapment efficiency of matrine microspheres .

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the quantitative analysis parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for prostate cancer.Methods MR examination were performed in 26 patients and correlations were made with surgical pathology following radical prostatectomy.According to the localization of pathologic specimens,ROI were drawn on areas of cancerous regions,noncancerous regions in peripheral zone and central gland to measure the values of Ktrans,kep and Ve.The values of the three parameters in different tissue were compared with Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U.Results Twenty six patients had prostate cancer confirmed by pathology.Data from 468 assessable regions of prostate were acquired,including 115 cancerous regions and 142 noncancerous regions in central gland,68 cancerous regions and 143 noncancerous regions in peripheral zone.Prostate cancer showed a multifocal distribution.The K,kep and Ve values were (1.04 ± 0.26)/min,(1.43 ± 0.46)/min,(0.76 ±0.12) respectively for cancerous regions in central gland,and (0.82 ±0.19)/min,(1.12 ±0.26)/min,(0.75 ± 0.14) respectively for noncancerous regions in central gland,(0.95 ±0.31)/min,(1.31 ±0.51)/min,(0.76 ± 0.13) respectively for cancerous regions in peripheral zone and (0.32 ± 0.07)/min,(0.52 ± 0.13)/min,(0.64 ± 0.14) respectively for noncancerous regions in peripheral zone.The differences among the three parameters were statistically significant (x2 =316.008,297.985,63.681,P ＜0.01).The Ktrans,kep values of cancerous regions were significantly higher than the corresponding values of noncancerous regions,respectively.Conclusion Quantitative analysis parameters of DCE-MRI contribute to the diagnosis of prostate cancer,including cancer located in central gland.

Objective Uterine epithelial cells were isolated from pregnant mice and cultured in vitro , and exam-ined the effect of CD82 on the expression of integrin αV,β3, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the cells.Methods The uter-ine epithelial cells were primarily isolated from pregnant mouse uterus .The recombinant adenovirus containing mouse CD 82 gene which had been constructed in our lab infected the uterine epithelial cells .Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the protein expressions of integrin αV,β3, E-cadherin and β-catenin in the uterine epithelial cells , which were infected with CD82 adenovirus or not .Results 1.The purity of primary cultured cells was (93.2 ±0.6)%.2.The transfection efficiency of CD82 recombinant adenovirus was ( 92 ±4.5 )%.The adenoviral particles carrying CD 82 gene indeed ex-pressed CD82 gene and protein in the primary uterine epithelial cells after 24 hours or 48 hours.3.The uterine epithelial cells of pregnant mice on d4 expressed integrin αV, β3, E-cadherin and β-catenin.4.In contrast to the control group, when CD82 adenovirus infected cells , the uterine epithelial cells of pregnant mice on d 4 increased the expression of integrinαV,β3 and β-catenin protein, had no significant changes of E-cadherin.Conclusions CD82 may have effect on the ex-pression of integrin αV,β3 and β-catenin in mouse uterine epithelial cells before implantation .