Objective: To investigate the impulsivity of SHR (spontaneous hypertensive rat, the animal model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), and compare it with the WKY (Wistar Kyoto Rats).Method:The experiment was carried on in the standard Campden instrument operant chambers, the animals were 22h deprived of water. A long Variable Interval Schedule was used and the stable documents of the last ten days were analyzed.Result:There was no significant difference of the reinforcement between SHR and WKY rats. The short inter-response times (IRTs) of SHR were much higher than that of WKY rats. There was no significant difference of short IRTs of the two groups among the three same segments of the experiment.Conclusion:The impulsivity of SHR is more obvious than WKY rats. It will be helpful for the biological research of ADHD.

Atomoxetine is a noradrenaline transmitter reuptake inhibitor which can selectively inhibit presynaptic noradrenaline transport protein,strengthen noradrenaline's resupination effect,and increases noradrenaline's activity released by synaptic cleft to improve the symptoms of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)patients.ADHD patients often accompany with other psychological diseases like oppositional defiant disorder,anxiety disorder,which may hinder the diagnosis of ADHD.There is still no accepted effective medicine nowadays.Currently,research on the treatment of the ADHD is more and more popular.Good therapeutic effect of atomoxetine to treat ADHD has been found in resent studies.This article summarized the current management of using atomoxetine to treat ADHD.

Objective To improve the recognization of bilateral adrenal tumors from different tissues and to discuss the treatment.Methods One case of bilateral adrenal tumors from different tissues:pheochromocytoma in one side and adrenocortical adenoma in the other side was reported and the data of syptoms,physical features,auxillary examination,diagnosis and treatment were retrospectively reviewed.Results The patient was diagnosed as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) -independent Cushing's syndrome in other hospital and received laparoscopic adrenalectomy for right adrenal tumor.During the operation the blood pressure fluctuated seriously and was even more than 200 mm Hg.The pathological report showed the mass was pheochromocytoma.After the operation,the patient's clinical manifcstation was not changed.Half a year later the lab test showed blood ACTH was still less than 5 pg/ml,24 h urinary-free cortisol (UFC) was 571.32 μg,and 24 h urinary catecholamines (U CA) was:noradrenalin (NE) 22.80 μg,epinephrine (E) 2.55 μg,dopamine (DA) 92.92 μg.CT detected a mass in left adrenal gland.The patient received laparoscopic adrenalectomy for left adrenal tumor after being transferred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The tumor was proved as adrenocortical adenoma by postoperational pathology.One week after the operation,the 24 h UFC was 56.2 μg.Conclusions Bilateral adrenal tumors from different tissues are very rare in clinic.Adrenalectomy for tumors from both sides and remaining the normal adrenal glands are recommended.

Objective To investigate the effects of cyclopamine (CYP) on endometrial carcinoma (HEC-1A) cell survival and on induction of cell apoptosis .Methods HEC-1A cells were treated with various doses of CYP (0, 5,10, 20 and 40 μmol/L) for 24 h respectively .Then,the inverted microscope was used to observe cell morphology .Cell proliferation and apoptosis were tested by CCK-8 assay and AO/EB bi-labelling assay.The apoptosis rate of HEC-1A was analyzed using flow cytometric analysis , and the key gene expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by quantitative PCR .Results The HEC-1A cells exhibited dramatic morphological changes after treatment with CYP and in a dose-dependent manner .CYP significantly inhibited HEC-1A cell proliferation using CCK8 assays(P<0.05), and induced cell death by AO/EB bi-labelling assay.Moreover,flow cytometry analysis showed that CYP treatment resulted in HEC-1A cell apoptosis, and that a higher concentration of CYP induced severer cell apoptosis (P<0.05).Meanwhile, CYP treated HEC-1A cells exhibited up-regulated expression of Bax and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 according to Q-PCR.Conclusion Our findings indicatee that CYP can inhibit HEC-1A cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis .

AIM: To investigate the expression of B lymphocyte stimulator(BLyS) and CD38 molecules on peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). METHODS: Twenty-two patients with SLE and fourteen healthy subjects entered the study. Isolated peripheral blood lymphocyte were stained for the lymphocyte surface markers BLyS, CD19, and CD38, and then was measured by flow cytometry(FACS). RESULTS: BLyS + lymphocytes, CD19 + lymphocytes, and CD19 +CD38 + lymphocytes were increased significantly in patients with SLE( P

Objective To evaluate the quality of medicinal materials of Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae in Chinese herbal medicine market. Methods Eighteen batches of commercial medicinal materials of Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae were identified and analyzed by macroscopical identification, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and volatile oil assay according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia published in 2010. Visible spectrometry was used to determine the content of total flavonoids from the qualified samples. And the gas chromatography was applied to evaluate the content of nerolidol from volatile oils of the qualified samples. Results Only 33.3%of the samples met the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The total flavonoid content of the qualified samples was in the range of 21.6-29.0 mg/g. The content of nerolidol from volatile oils of the qualified samples was in the range of 294-574 mg/g. Conclusion At present, the quality of medicinal materials of Lignum Dalbergiae Odoriferae in Chinese herbal medicine market and in clinic varies greatly, and adulterants and inferior are common. The contents of chemical components in different batches of samples are significant different.

Objective To explore the expression of osteopontin (OPN) in mucosal epithelium of oral local lesion in patients with oral lichen planus(OLP). Methods Forty patients with pathologically-confirmed OLP (erosive OLP,n=15; reticular OLP,n=25) were investigated,among whom 17 were complicated with mild dysplasia. Mucosal epithelium of oral local lesion was examined for the expression of OPN by immunohistochemical method. Forty healthy subjects were served as normal controls. Results The positive expression rates of OPN were 65.4% and 82.4%,respectively in patients with OLP and those complicated with mild dysplasia,and both were significantly higher than that in normal controls (10.0%) (P0.05),while both were significantly higher than that in normal controls (P

Objective To observe the protective function of recombinant human thioredoxin(TRX) on HeLa cell injury induced by Coxsackie virus 3m(CVB3m) and to study the inhibiting effect of TRX on viral replication. Methods We infected HeLa cells with 10TCID50 CVB3m and then protected these cells with TRX (2,5,10 mg/L). The protective group of TRX, viral group, control group of TRX, and normal control group were included. Six parallel wells were set up in each group. The cell growth was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) and contrast phase microscope. Results The results of contrast phase microscope revealed that HeLa cells were arranged tightly and polygon in normal control group; untightly, became circle and abscission in viral group; HeLa cells morphous improved by increasing TRX concentration in TRX protective group(2,5,10mg/L). MTT results of the inhibitory ratio on cell growth of TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) control group(1.2%,2.9%,6.3%) were compared with normal control group(0), there was no significant difference(all P > 0.05); and while the inhibitory ratio on cell growth of TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) protective group(32.0%,28.0%,27.0%) was compared with virus infective group(51.7%), there was a significant difference (all P < 0.05). The inhibition study of viral replication showed that compared the inhibitory ratio on cell growth of TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) protective group(26.0%,27.0%, 10.9%) with virus infective group(60.0%), there was a significant difference(all P < 0.05). In the protective groups, there was a significant difference (all P < 0.05) between low dose groups(2,5 mg/L) and high dose groups( 10 mg/L). Conclusions The recombinant TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) may alleviate HeLa cell's injury induced by virus and the construct has no significant toxicity. TRX(2,5,10 mg/L) is effective in inhibiting virus CVB3m replication.

OBJECTIVE To study the molecular mechanism of cisplatin(DDP)by which HeLa cell growth and proliferation are inhibited. METHODS Cultured HeLa cells were treated with DDP 0.02-75 μmol · L-1 for 24 or 48 h. CCK-8 assay was used to determine the cell proliferation. The wound scratch assay was used to detect the cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle arresting. q-PCR was used to test the expression of metastasis suppressor gene 1 (MTSS1)mRNA. Western blot was used to determine protein levels of MTSS1,phosphorylated-extra?cellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK) and phosphorylated-serine-threonine kinase(p-AKT). RESULTS Following the treatment with DDP for 24 or 48 h,the proliferation of HeLa cells was inhibited significantly (P<0.05),the value of the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cells was 4.14 and 11.82 μmol · L-1. Migration and invasion activity of HeLa cells were reduced according to the wound scratch assay(P<0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that the cell cycle was arrested at S phase. q-PCR results showed that MTSS1 mRNA expression changed with DDP in a concentration-dependent manner (r24 h=-0.965,P<0.01;r48 h=-0.953,P<0.01). Western blot showed that the protein levels of MTSS1,p-ERK and p-AKT expression declined significantly with the increase in DDP concentrations(p-ERK:r24 h=-0.875,P<0.01;r48 h=-0.966,P<0.01. p-AKT:r24 h=-0.831,P<0.01;r48 h=-0.863,P<0.01. MTSS1:r24 h=-0.969,P<0.01;r48 h=-0.988,P<0.01). CONCLUSION DDP treatment inhibits HeLa growth and proliferation by interfering with the MTSS1 expression and disturbing the activation of ERK and AKT signaling pathways.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a kind of important barrier system in the body. It can have a choice to prevent certain substances from entering the brain, in order to maintain the relative stability of internal environment of the central nervous system (CNS). However, it also became an important restriction factor for the treatment of CNS diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) had good curative effects on several kinds of CNS diseases, which illustrated that effective composition of TCM can pass through or influence the function of BBB. This paper summarized the research progress of literatures on current pharmacological and clinical trials for the effect of TCM on BBB.