Objective To explore the effect of patent foramen ovale(PFO)on white matter lesions(WMLs) in migraine without aura(MwoA).Methods Thirty-five patients with MwoA were examined by contrast transcranial Doppler(cTCD)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).According to the results of PFO and MRI Flair data,the patients' age,sex and headache characteristics were matched,and the WMLs were compared between the PFO positive group and negative group.Results Seven cases of WMLs were recruited in PFO positive group(19 cases)and the WMLs were distributed in the frontal lobe and/or the parietal lobe.The score ranged from 1 to 7 points.Five cases of WMLs were enrolled in PFO negative group(16 cases)and the WMLs also were distributed in the frontal lobe and/or the parietal lobe.The score ranged from 1 to 3 points.There was no significant difference in WMLs between the groups(P＞ 0.05).Conclusion White matter lesions in migraine without aura are distributed in the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe,and these findings do not support a relationship between PFO and WMLs.

Objective To explore the value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI ) in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy .Methods We enrolled 7 patients with known progressive muscular dystrophy (4 Becker muscle dystrophy ,BMD;3 limb-girdle muscle dystrophy ,LGMD) in this study .Both IVIM ,T1 WI and T2 STIR sequences were performed on both thighs of all the subjects .Slow ADC ,fast ADC and fraction of fast ADC (Ff ) were measured .Tl weighted images were used to assess the fat infiltration of their thigh muscles using a 0-5 modified version of Mercuri's scale .Slow ADC ,fast ADC and fraction of fast ADC (Ff) were compared among the fatty infiltration ,edematous muscle and unaffected muscle (neither edematous nor fatty infiltration muscles in patients ) .One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analyses with a significance of P < 0 .05 . Results The mean slow ADC value of fatty infiltration . edematous muscle . and unaffected muscle was 0 .75+0.39,1 .14±0 .19,and 1.00±0 .11 (10 -3 mm2/s ) , respectively ( P < 0 .05 ) .The mean fast ADC value in the three groups was 7 .14±6 .51,13 .56±9 .67,and 4 .02±1.89 (10-3 mm2 /s ) , respectively (P< 0 .05 ) . There was no significant difference in the Ff values among the three groups ( P > 0 .05 ) .The mean slow ADC value in different grades of steatosis was 1 .00±0 .11, 0.98±0 .17, and 0 .50±0 .29 (10-3 mm2/s) , respectively ; the slow ADC value in heavy fat infiltration group differed significantly from that in the other two groups( P<0.05 ).Conclusion IVIM-DWI can be used to quantitatively evaluate the thigh diffusion and microcirculation characteristics of muscles in patients with PMD , make a quantitative analysis of edema and steatosis of the muscle .and reflect the degree of muscle steatosis .

OBJECTIVETo screen the cardiac troponin T (TNNT2) mutations in Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and to analyze the potential link between the genotype and the phenotype.

METHODSClinical features of 100 probands with HCM and some family members were evaluated, 200 unrelated normal subjects served as control. The exons and flanking introns of TNNT2 were amplified with PCR and direct sequencing was used to screen TNNT2 mutations/polymorphisms.

RESULTSTwo novel missense mutations were detected in 2 HCM patients: R92W and R286H. These 2 mutations were not found in 200 non-HCM controls. A five-basepair insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 3 of TNNT2 was identified in this HCM cohort but was not related to the phenotype.

CONCLUSIONSTwo missense mutations, R92W and R286H, were found in 2/100 patients with HCM, TNNT 2 mutation is relatively low in Chinese patients with HCM.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Exons ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Troponin T ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo screen the MYBPC3 gene mutations in Han Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

METHODSSixty-six patients with HCM were enrolled for the study. The exons in the functional regions of MYBPC3 were amplified with PCR and the products were sequenced.

RESULTSFour novel mutations and four common polymorphisms were identified in this patient cohort. A Lys301fs mutation in exon10 was evidenced in a H30, and when he was 47 years old, he had the chest tightness, shortness of breath with septal hypertrophy of 18.7mm; a Asp463stop mutation in exon17 was detected in a H48, he was 24 years old 24-year-old when a medical examination showed ventricular septal hypertrophy of 15.4 mm; both Gly523Arg mutation in exon18 and Tyr847His mutation in exon26 were found in a H53 with onset age 36 years old, feeling chest tightness after excise and his ventricular septal hypertrophy was 27 mm that time. MYBPC3 mutations occurred in 4.5% patients in this cohort. These mutations were not found in 100 non-HCM control patients.

CONCLUSIONMYBPC3 mutation is presented in a small portion of Han Chinese patients with HCM.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; genetics ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to screen the disease-causing gene mutations and investigate the genotype-phenotype correlation in 10 Chinese pedigrees with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

METHODSThere are 91 family members from these 10 pedigrees and 5 members were normal mutated carriers, 23 members were HCM patients (14 male) aged from 1.5 to 73 years old. The functional regions of myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7), cardiac myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) and cardiac troponin T gene (TNNT2) were screened with PCR and direct sequencing technique. Clinical information from all patients was also evaluated in regard to the genotype.

RESULTSMutations were found in 5 out of 10 pedigrees. Mutations in MYH7 (Arg663His, Glu924Lys and Ile736Thr) were found in 3 pedigrees and 3 patients from these pedigrees suffered sudden death at age 20-48 years old during sport. Mutations in MYBPC3 were found in 2 pedigrees, 1 with complex mutation (Arg502Trp and splicing mutation IVS27 + 12C > T) and 1 with novel frame shift mutation (Gly347fs) and the latter pedigree has sudden death history. No mutation was identified in TNNT2.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the Han Chinese is a relatively homogeneous ethnic group, different HCM gene mutations were responsible for familiar HCM suggesting the heterogeneity nature of the disease-causing genes and HCM MYH7 mutations are associated with a higher risk of sudden death in this cohort. Furthermore, identical mutation might result in different phenotypes suggesting that multiple factors might be involved in the pathogenesis of familiar HCM.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Cardiac Myosins ; genetics ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Familial ; ethnology ; genetics ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Myosin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Troponin T ; genetics ; Young Adult

Anxiety, depression, and even suicidal ideation are becoming the most common mental health problems affecting Chinese college students. The present study investigated the prevalence of mental health problems and their predictors in a sample of 1048 Chinese college freshmen from Shanghai. We used following brief screening instruments to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as self-control and suicidal ideation: the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), a mental health and mental health knowledge questionnaire (MK), a mental disease-related attitude questionnaire (MA), questionnaires about the knowledge of psychological services and utilities, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Suicide module, the Self-Rated Health Measurement Scale (SFHMS), the Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCQ), and the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Over half of the students suffered from at least one mental health problem. Approximately 65.55% of freshmen had depression, and 46.85% had anxiety. Minority status, low family income, and religious belief were significantly associated with current mental health problems. These findings indicate that mental disorders are highly prevalent among the freshman student population. The prevalence of such mental disorders was greater than that of the general population, and the majority of students with mental health problems require treatment.
Adult ; Anxiety ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Depression ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDThe conventional approaches to diabetes screening are potentially limited by poor compliance and laboratory demand. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial urine glucose (PUG) in screening for diabetes in Chinese high-risk population.

METHODSNine hundred and nine subjects with high-risk factors of diabetes underwent oral glucose tolerance test after an overnight fast. FPG, hemoglobin A1c, 2-h plasma glucose (2 h-PG), and 2 h-PUG were evaluated. Diabetes and prediabetes were defined by the American Diabetes Association criteria. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 2 h-PUG, and the optimal cut-off determined to provide the largest Youden index. Spearman correlation was used for relationship analysis.

RESULTSAmong 909 subjects, 33.4% (304/909) of subjects had prediabetes, and 17.2% (156/909) had diabetes. The 2 h-PUG was positively related to FPG and 2 h-PG (r = 0.428 and 0.551, respectively, both P < 0.001). For estimation of 2 h-PG ≥ 7.8 mmol/L and 2 h-PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L using 2 h-PUG, the area under the ROC curve were 0.772 (95% confidence interval [CI ]: 0.738-0.806) and 0.885 (95% CI: 0.850-0.921), respectively. The corresponding optimal cut-offs for 2 h-PUG were 5.6 mmol/L and 7.5 mmol/L, respectively. Compared with FPG alone, FPG combined with 2 h-PUG had a higher sensitivity for detecting glucose abnormalities (84.1% vs. 73.7%, P < 0.001) and diabetes (82.7% vs. 48.1%, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONFPG combined with 2 h-PUG substantially improves the sensitivity in detecting prediabetes and diabetes relative to FPG alone, and may represent an efficient layperson-oriented diabetes screening method.

Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; diagnosis ; urine ; Fasting ; blood ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Postprandial Period ; physiology

The purpose of this study was to determine whether osteoprotegerin (OPG) could affect osteoclat differentiation and activation under serum-free conditions. Both duck embryo bone marrow cells and RAW264.7 cells were incubated with macrophage colony stimulatory factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator for nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) in serum-free medium to promote osteoclastogenesis. During cultivation, 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 ng/mL OPG were added to various groups of cells. Osteoclast differentiation and activation were monitored via tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, filamentous-actin rings analysis, and a bone resorption assay. Furthermore, the expression osteoclast-related genes, such as TRAP and receptor activator for nuclear factor kappaB (RANK), that was influenced by OPG in RAW264.7 cells was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In summary, findings from the present study suggested that M-CSF with RANKL can promote osteoclast differentiation and activation, and enhance the expression of TRAP and RANK mRNA in osteoclasts. In contrast, OPG inhibited these activities under serum-free conditions.
Acid Phosphatase/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Avian Proteins/*pharmacology ; Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Ducks ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects/metabolism ; Isoenzymes/genetics/metabolism ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism ; Osteoclasts/cytology/*drug effects/*metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin/*pharmacology ; RANK Ligand/metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/genetics/metabolism

AIM: To study the effect and probable mechanism of Qishen Yiqi Pills on adriamycin (ADR)-induced cardiomyopathy in mice. METHODS: Sixty-four mice were randomly divided into (1) the ADR group: saline (1 mL/100 g) administered every day by intragavage, ADR (4 mg·kg(-1)) administered to each mouse by intraperitoneal injection twice a week for four weeks; (2) the ADR + Qishen Yiqi Pills I group: ADR (4 mg·kg(-1)) administered to each mouse by intraperitoneal injection twice a week for four weeks, and at the beginning of the third week Qishen Yiqi Pills (3.5 mg/100 g) administered by intragavage every day for four weeks; (3) the ADR + Qishen Yiqi Pills II group: ADR (4 mg·kg(-1)) administered to each mouse by intraperitoneal injection twice a week for four weeks, and at the same time Qishen Yiqi Pills (3.5 mg/100 g) administered by intragavage every day for four weeks; (4) the control group: saline (1 mL/100 g) administered every day by intragavage, saline (1 mL·kg(-1)) administered to each mouse by intraperitoneal injection twice a week for four weeks. Six weeks later, cardiac function, myocardial pathology, and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were evaluated. RESULTS: 1. The left ventricular diastolic diameter and the left ventricular systolic diameter were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the ADR group, and the cardiac function of both the ADR + Qishen Yiqi Pills I group and the ADR + Qishen Yiqi Pills II group improved. 2. Myocardial morphologic observation showed that the myocardial fibers were disordered, there was cell edema, and gap widening in the ADR group. The degree of myocardial cell injury was reduced in the ADR + Qishen Yiqi Pills I group and ADR + Qishen Yiqi Pills II group compared with the ADR group. 3. The expression of Bax in the ADR group was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly downregulated in the ADR group compared with the ADR + Qishen Yiqi Pills I group, the ADR + Qishen Yiqi Pills II group, and the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Qishen Yiqi Pills can effectively improve the cardiac function of ADR-induced cardiomyopathy, and the earlier it is used is better. The probable mechanism of action may be the inhibition of the apoptosis of myocardial cells.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cardiomyopathies ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Doxorubicin ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics ; metabolism

In order to strengthen the supervision of the use of drugs in hospitals，the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences· Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital took the lead in compiling the Principles for the Rational Use of National Key Monitoring Drugs （the Second Batch） with a number of experts from multiple medical units in accordance with the Second Batch of National Key Monitoring Rational Drug Use List （hereinafter referred to as “the List”） issued by the National Health Commission. According to the method of the WHO Guidelines Development Manual， the writing team used the Delphi method to unify expert opinions by reading and summarizing the domestic and foreign literature evidence of related drugs， and applied the evaluation， formulation and evaluation method of recommendation grading （GRADE） to evaluate the quality of evidence formed， focusing on more than 30 drugs in the List about the evaluation of off-label indications of drugs， key points of rational drug use and key points of pharmaceutical monitoring. It aims to promote the scientific standardization and effective management of clinical medication， further improve the quality of medical services， reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions and drug abuse， promote rational drug use， and improve public health.