OBJECTIVE:To improve the drug delivery procedures and reduce the defects occurred in drug delivery.METHODS:The five procedures of six sigma including defining,measuring,analyzing,improving and controlling were applied to improve the drug delivery in our hospital's single dose dispensing(UDD)center.RESULTS:Due to the application of the six sigma method,the defect rate of drug delivery dropped from 25.1%(before the initiation of the six sigma method)to 5%(after the initiation of the six sigma method),which was significant lower as compared before the initiation of the six sigma method.CONCLUSION:Six sigma method contributed to the reduction of defect rate of drug delivery,so it deserves to be widely used in each management link in UDD center so as to improve the quality of dispensing.

Objective To establish a rapid method having great capability for enrichment and anti-interference, higher sensitivity and good precision for determination of trace silver in drinking water. Methods The conditions of determination such as the definition of peak potentials, the selection of auxiliary electrolytes, the selection of kind and amount of oxidants and anti-interference test were carried out by MP-1 potentiometer using glass-carbon electrode. Results The lowest detection limit, average recorery rate and average relative standard deviation were 0.004 ug/ml, 100.3% and 2.73% respectively. Conclusion This method was suitable for determination of trace silver in drinking water.

Using a H₂O₂-induced BRL cell senescence model, we investigated the anti-aging effects of drug-containing serums of Erzhi Wan (EZW) and various polar extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, water, and iridoid glycoside-enriched fractions). Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Cell senescence was evaluated with β-galactosidase staining assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry. UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to identify chemical components in EZW and the extracts, and molecular docking technology was used to predict the anti-aging components of EZW. Results showed that treatment of cells with 600 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ for 72 h markedly induced cell senescence, inhibited cell proliferation and increased intracellular β-galactosidase activity and ROS levels. If cells were pretreated with drug-containing serum of EZW this induction of senescence was decreased. A total of 49 chemical compounds were identified in EZW by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 14 of these were identified by molecular docking as potential active ingredients. Based on these analyses, and the in vitro experiments with polar extracts, we conclude that the anti-aging components of EZW are triterpenes, flavonoids and phenyl alcohols, providing a basis for further elucidation of the active agents and mechanism of the anti-aging effect of EZW.

OBJECTIVETo explore the characteristics of changes in neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalcin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in Phytolaccae Radix-induced kidney injury in rats and the significance of the combined detection.

METHODWistar rats were divided into three groups: high and low dose (crude drug 40, 20 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) Phytolaccae Radix decoction groups and the control group, and orally administrated with distilled water or equal volume of Phytolaccae Radix decoction for 35 consecutive days. Their blood and urine samples were collected on day 7, 14, 21, 28, 35,42. The anatomical analysis was conducted for each group. The contents of serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CR) and urinary TP and ALB were detected-by means of biochemical analyzer. The concentrations of urinary NGAL, KIM-1 and IL-18 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The morphological changes of renal pathology were observed by light or electron microscopy. The curve areas of various serum or urine indexes and the combined detection were compared by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).

RESULTRats were given Phytolaccae Radix decoction at the doses of 40, 20 g crude drug/kg daily for 35 consecutive days to induce kidney injury characterized by the degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cell and protein cast. The injury was partially reversible during the recovery period. Compared with the control group, the content of serum BUN, CR and urinary TP in each dose group mostly showed a downward trend. On day 21, the content of urinary ALB obviously increased till the end of administration. The contents of urinary NGAL, KIM-1 and IL-18 began increasing on day 7. Since day 14, high and low dose groups showed significant difference (P<0.01). The high dose group even showed notable changes during the recovery period. According to ROC analysis, the curve areas of NGAL, KIM-1 and IL-18 were 0.846, 0.837 and 0.863 (P <0.01), respectively, much higher than that of BUN and CR. The area of the combined detection was up to 0.947.

CONCLUSIONUrinary NGAL, IL-18 and KIM-1 could forecast and indicate the occurrence and development of renal injury to some degree, and show higher sensitivity and site specificity. The combined detection could further improve the test efficiency.

Acute-Phase Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-18 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Kidney ; drug effects ; injuries ; metabolism ; Kidney Diseases ; etiology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lipocalins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

With the advancement of medical and health system,the reform of medical price became one of cores in new medical reform.According to the principle of "the total quantity control,the structure adjustment",in recent years,every region adjusted the medical price.However,the regional medical price disharmony was influenced by the mechanism of information-sharing,the differentiation right of pricing and management and setting basis and cycle.It followed the regional medical price disharmony concern over the principle,content and method of mechanism of regional medical price coordination for optimizing medical price management,so as to provide references for further optimizing medical service price management.

Objective · To study the effect of inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) on ocular neovascularization. Methods · The oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization (OIR), laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and over-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Rho-VEGF) transgenic mice were established. The localization and mRNA level of ID1 in retina of OIR mice and Rho-VEGF transgenic mice were determined by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time PCR. Mice deficient in ID1 (ID1-/-) were used to induce retinal neovascularization in accordance with the above three models, and to compare the changes of ID1 on the number of retinal, subretinal and choroidal neovascularization areas. In order to explore the role ID1 in neovascularization, the numbers and areas of retinal, subretinal and choroidal neovascularization in the mice models with or without ID1 deficiency were compared. Its effect on the related factors, i.e. hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), VEGF and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1/2 (VEGFR1/2) were also observed. Results · Mice deficient in ID1 showed a significant reduction in the area of neovascularization in these three models (P＜0.05). Mice lacking ID1 showed reduced levels of HIF-1α, VEGF and VEGFR 1. Conclusion · ID1 promotes the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and VEGFR1 in the retina and choroidal neovascularization during hypoxia and oxidative injury.

Xi'an Jiaotong University has proposed the concept of "less teaching and more learning, interaction between guiding and learning" in medical education, based on its sedimentary deposits, and carried out reform for all clinical medical students since 2001. After more than ten years of educational reform, we have built brand new management framework, and established integrated organ system-based curriculum and PBL teaching pattern. This pattern involves eight aspects of comprehensive reform, including training program, curriculum model, textbook, teaching method, learning style, assessment and evaluation, teaching organization, teaching conditions and guarantee. It will provide paradigm for the integrated curriculum reform in peer colleges, and will be a milestone in the history of medical education in China.

OBJECTIVETo construct a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) expressing luciferase and GFP reporter gene and detect neutralizing antibodies against adenovirus type 5 in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to provide basic laboratory data for evaluating adenovirus vaccines.

METHODSLuciferase and GFP reporter genes from plasmid pHAGE-CMV-GFP were inserted into pDC315 to construct the recombinant adenovirus shutter plasmid pDC315-Luc-GFP. The shutter plasmid was co-transduced with pBHGlox(delta)E1,3Cre in 293A cell line to package the recombinant adenovirus rAd5/Luc/GFP. Three rounds of plaque formation experiment were performed to select the monoclonal adenovirus followed by purification with cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation and virus titration with TCID50 method. Chemiluminescence assay and flow cytometry were employed to detect the neutralizing antibody levels in 14 common marmosets.

RESULTSThe shuttle plasmid pDC315-Luc-GFP was successfully constructed and the recombinant adenovirus rAd5/Luc/GFP was packaged with a the titer reaching 6.9×10(11.5) PFU/mL. In the 14 marmosets, chemiluminescence assay identified 4 (28.6%) marmosets that were positive for Ad5-neutralizing antibodies, including 2 with a antibody titer of 1/16 and another 2 with a titer of 1/32; flow cytomery detected Ad5-neutralizing antibodies in 3 marmosets at the titer of 1/16.

CONCLUSIONChemiluminescence assay is a simple, sensitive, and accurate modality for detecting Ad5-neutralizing antibodies. Common marmosets have a very low positivity rate for Ad5-neutralizing antibodies and are therefore promising models for studying adenovirus-based vaccines and therapies.

Adenoviruses, Human ; immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; blood ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Callithrix ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; Luciferases ; Plasmids

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on the growth of prostate cancer PC-3 cells.

METHODSPC-3 cells were treated with GSE at the concentration of 100, 200 and 300 microg/ml for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. The the inhibitory effect of GSE on the growth of the PC-3 cells and the kidney cells of SD rats was determined by MTT reduction assay, with primarily cultured kidney cells of 1-3 days old SD rats as the normal control.

RESULTSGSE significantly inhibited the growth of PC-3 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, but had only a mild inhibitory effect on the kidney cells.

CONCLUSIONGSE inhibits the growth of prostate cancer PC-3 cells and can be used as a new drug for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Kidney ; cytology ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Time Factors ; Vitis ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo report a heterozygous RNA-splicing mutation (IVS3+ 3A to C) of NF2 gene in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant neurofibromatosis type II and investigate the relationship between the genotype and phenotype.

METHODSThe proband with bilateral vestibular schwannomas underwent gamma knife radiosurgery two years earlier. DNA of blood samples from all affected individuals, suspected individuals and unaffected relatives of the family was extracted and amplified to detect the polymorphisms at loci D22S1150 and D22S268 that are linked with the NF2 gene. Two-point LOD score was calculated. The promoter region, 17 exons and exon/intron boundaries of NF2 gene were amplified and sequenced for the proband. The exon 3/intron 3 boundaries of NF2 gene was amplified and sequenced for the other 3 patients, 1 suspected individual, 9 unaffected members of the family and 150 unrelated controls.

RESULTSThe result of two-point linkage analysis suggested that NF2 gene was a candidate gene (Zmax= 2.109, θ = 0.00, locus D22S1150). DNA sequencing revealed a heterozygous splicing mutation in intron 3 (IVS3+ 3A to C) for the proband. Identical mutation was also observed in the other 3 patients and 1 suspected individual. No mutation was found in the 9 normal family members and 150 unrelated controls, which was consistent with the clinical diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONThis is the first report of familial neurofibromatosis type II with a splicing mutation of IVS3+ 3A to C of the NF2 gene. The mutation might be responsible for the neurofibromatosis type II in the family.

Adult ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; methods ; Dogs ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; genetics ; Neurofibromatosis 2 ; genetics ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Neurofibromin 2 ; genetics ; Pedigree ; RNA Splicing ; genetics ; Sequence Alignment