The study is to prepare taste masking and enteric-coated clarithromycin granules by melting and fluid bed coating technology. Clarithromycin and matrix materials were melted at a certain temperature, and then made into particles by fluidized bed coating. X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the crystal and morphology of drug loading granules. In vitro dissolution method was used for the observation of the drug release behavior. The results showed that the drug particles size range was 0.2 - 0.6 mm; the crystal form of clarithromycin in the granule did not change; enteric-coated granules accumulated release in 0.1 mol L(-1) hydrochloric acid in 2 h was less than 10%, while in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer in 1 h was more than 80%. The taste masking and enteric-coated clarithromycin granules not only have good taste masking effect, but also have a good release behavior. It is expected to have better clinical application.

Objective To determine the effect of treadmill exercise on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in rats follow-ing traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Fifty-five male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham (n=15), control (n=20) and exercise (n=20) groups, the later two groups subjected to unilateral cortical contusion injury (CCI). All the rats were assessed with foot-fault test 6, 12, 18 and 24 days after CCI. Evans blue perfusion was used to evaluate the integrity of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) 48 hours after CCI. Protein expression of MMP-2 was determined with Western blotting one week after CCI. Results The score of foot-fault test improved more in the exercise group than in the control group 12, 18 and 24 days after CCI (F>4.793, P<0.05). Evans blue extravasa-tion was less in the exercise group than in the control group (t=-8.091, P<0.001), as well as the expression of MMP-2 (t=-13.12, P<0.001). Conclusion Early treadmill exercise can improve the motor function in rats with TBI, which may associate with inhibition of MMP-2 ex-pression to protect BBB integrity.

Contaminations of SARS-CoV-2 have been found for many times in imported cold chain aquatic products and their packaging materials in China. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the contamination status, sources and transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 in imported cold chain aquatic products, and try to put forward relevant suggestions and strategies in order to provide evidence for the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Background and purpose:Radiotherapy is the main method to manage head and neck tumors.About half of the patients with malignant tumor in head and neck could obtain long term survival through radiotherapy or other therapy combined with radiotherapy.However,it is necessary to clinically detect whether carotid stenosis is a major sequela of head and neck irradiation,especially in long term survivors such as patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.We analyzed this injury and the degree of carotid stenosis,and its related factors to provide information to reduce and delay the incidence of this injury.Methods:We analyzed the degree of arterial stenosis of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who received radiotherapy and had survived more than three years in Cancer Hospital Fudan University,compared with newly diagnosed as nasopharyngeal carcinoma before radiotherapy.The degree of carotid artery injury was observed and the clinical factors which affect its occurrence and development.All patients were low differentiated squamous cell carcinoma confirmed by pathology.All patients were examined with color doppler ultrasound to detect the carotid artery.The main end points were the diameter of carotid artery,the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities.Results:Arterial stenosis was more common in the reserch group than the control group(80% vs 20%,P＜0.001).The common and internal carotid arteries were most commonly involved(70% vs 20%,P＜0.001;6313% vs 10%,P＜0.001),followed by the external carotid artery(30% vs 3.3%,P=0.015).Significant stenosis was only found in the research group,common carotid arteries 36.7%,internal carotid arteries 23.3%,external carotid arteries10%.Conclusion:This study showed that radiation could cause significant carotid stenosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who had received radiotherapy more than 3 years previously.Carotid stenosis developed more frequently in the common carotid artery and intemal carotid artery on the side that had received radiotherapy.

In 2013, the World Health Organization reported the first case of human infection with a new influenza A (H7N9) virus in China. This has caused damage and panic within certain areas in China. Therefore, analysis of this virus with bioinformatics technology is very necessary. Neuraminidase (NA) is one of the most important antigens of the influenza virus and an important target for anti-flu drugs. In this study, the nucleotide and protein sequences of NA gene of A/H7N9 influenza viruses were retrieved from the NCBI database, and MEGA 5.0 software was employed to construct a phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide coding sequence; BioEdit software was used to align the nucleotide and protein sequences of NA and calculate the homologies of nucleotides and amino acids and then to analyze the important mutation sites of NA gene. The results demonstrated that the spread of influenza virus H7N9 showed certain geographical and temporal relations. The H7N9 virus isolated from China in 2013 belonged to Euroasiatic serotype, and its NA stalk region hadobvious variation, which may be one of the reasons that this virus infects human. These analyses may be very helpful for understanding the evolutionary relationship and mutation trend of A/H7N9 influenza viruses.
Databases, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; enzymology ; genetics ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase ; chemistry ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is useful as a host for genetic engineering, since it allows the folding and glycosylation of expressed heterologous eukaryotic proteins and can be subjected to many genetic manipulations. Recent advancements in the yeast cell surface engineering developed strategies to genetically immobilize amylolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes on yeast cell surface for the production of fuel ethanol from biomass. We reviewed the basic principle and progress of S. cerevisiae cell-surface engineering and gave an insight into the recent technological developments in the production of bioethanol using surface engineered yeast.
Biofuels ; analysis ; microbiology ; Ethanol ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Metabolic Engineering ; methods ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; metabolism

The study is to prepare taste masking and enteric-coated clarithromycin granules by melting and fluid bed coating technology. Clarithromycin and matrix materials were melted at a certain temperature, and then made into particles by fluidized bed coating. X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to identify the crystal and morphology of drug loading granules. In vitro dissolution method was used for the observation of the drug release behavior. The results showed that the drug particles size range was 0.2 - 0.6 mm; the crystal form of clarithromycin in the granule did not change; enteric-coated granules accumulated release in 0.1 mol L(-1) hydrochloric acid in 2 h was less than 10%, while in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer in 1 h was more than 80%. The taste masking and enteric-coated clarithromycin granules not only have good taste masking effect, but also have a good release behavior. It is expected to have better clinical application.
Clarithromycin ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Crystallization ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Excipients ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Particle Size ; Tablets, Enteric-Coated ; Taste ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective:To analyze the incidence and risk factors of non-acute symptomatic portal vein thrombosis (PVT) after endoscopic gastric variceal injection (GVI) in the treatment of liver cirrhosis with gastric variceal bleeding (GVB).Methods:66 patients with GVB who were treated with GVI for the first time from July 2017 to October 2019 in Minhang Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. The data of gender, age, preoperative Child-Pugh grade, preoperative platelet count, preoperative plasma D-dimer concentration, preoperative splenic length, preoperative portal vein velocity, preoperative splenic vein velocity, preoperative portal vein diameter, preoperative splenic vein diameter, treatment times, total number of injection points, total dose of sclerosing agent and tissue adhesive agent were collected. The patients were divided into PVT group and non-PVT group according to the occurrence of non-acute symptomatic PVT within one year after GVI. Univariate analysis was performed first, and then the factors with P<0.2 were included in the binary logistic regression model to screen the risk factors of PVT after GVI. Results:There were 25 cases (37.88%) in PVT group and 41 cases (62.12%) in non-PVT group. There were significant differences in D-dimer concentration, spleen length, Child-Pugh grade and total dose of sclerosing agent between the two groups ( P<0.05). The D-dimer concentration ( OR=2.319, 95% CI:1.359-3.956), spleen length ( OR=1.044, 95% CI:1.007-1.081) and total dose of sclerosing agent ( OR=1.075, 95% CI:1.004-1.152) were independent risk factors for PVT ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative D-dimer concentration, spleen length and total dose of sclerosing agent can predict the risk of PVT after GVI. In order to reduce the risk of PVT after GVI, the dose of sclerosing agent should be reduced as much as possible.

Objective To assess the effect of upper airway reconstructive surgery for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) with the obstructive sites determined by pressure measurements, and to evaluate the clinical value of upper airway menometry in localizing the obstructive sites. Methods Fifty-one moderate to severe OSAHS patients were examined using whole night recording, including airway continuous pressure measurements (ApneaGraph, MRA-Medical Ltd, UK).ApneaGraph (AG) transducer catheter contains two pressure and two temperature sensors used for obstruction site determination and detection of apnoeic events during sleep. Obstructive sites were divided into upper (retropalatal region) and lower level (retroglossal region). The lower limit of obstruction was determined by AG pressure pattern. Using constituent retio to reflect the obstructive propotion of different levels. All patients were divided into two groups (retropalatal or retroglossal) according to the primary obstructive level.The patients of retropalatal group were treated with modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), or plus hard palate shortening. The patients of retroglossal group underwent tongue and palatal surgical procedures such as UPPP, hyoid suspension, radiofrequent ablation of tongue base, genioglossus advancement etc. All patients were followed-up at least 6 months using Apneagraph. Clinical outcomes included the Epworth sleeping scale (ESS), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and lowest arterial oxygen saturation (LSaO2).Results Five patients had moderate OSAHS and 46 were severe. Four patients had experienced UPPP failures. The ESS reduced from arerage 17.6 ±4. 7 to 4. 3 ±4. 3 ((-x) ±s, t = 15. 195, P <0. 001). The AHI reduced from average 52. 4 ± 17.5 to 16. 3 ± 18.2 (t = 10. 873, P < 0. 001). The LSaO2 increased from 0.706±0.099 ((-x)±s) to 0.823 ±0.092 (t= -8.396, P<0.001). The success was defined as a ≥50 percent reduction and final apnea-hypopnea index < 20/h, the total success rate was 76. 5%. Retropalatal group had 27 patients and 24 cases were in retroglossal group. Their success rate were 81.5% and 75.0% respectively. Conclusion The upper airway pressure measurements can identify the level of obstruction accurately and prove to be effective in the treatment of OSAHS.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of progesterone combined with nifedipine in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi.Methods A total of 94 patients with upper ureteral calculi werc divided into control group and treatment group,47 cases in cach group.Patients in control group were given anisodamine hydrochloride injection 5-10 mg by intramuscular injection,qd.Patients in treatment group received progesterone injection 20 mg by intramuscular injection,bid and nifedipine tablets 10 mg by under tongue,tid.All patients were treated for 14 d.The clinical efficacy,C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The clinical efficacy in treatment group was 95.74％ (45/47 cases),had significant difference with that in control group,which was 82.98％ (39/47 cases,P ＜0.05).The levels of CRP and IL-6 in treatment group were (2.17 ± 0.25) mg · L-1,(4.72 ± 0.51) ng · L-1,had significant difference with those in control group,which were(3.45 ±0.42) mg· L-1,(8.34±0.89) ng · L-1 (P ＜0.05).The main adverse drug reactions in treatment group were dry mouth,blurred vision and rashes,the incidence rate was 6.38％ (3/47 cases).The main adverse drug reactions were dry mouth,rapid heart beat,difficulty urinating and rashes in control group,the incidence rate was 10.64％ (5/47 cases,P ＞ O.05).Conclusion Progesterone combined with nifedipine in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi was effective with high safety.