Objective To investigate the early fluid resuscitation of patients with traumatic shock.Method Two hundred and ninty-eight patients with traumatic shock were retrospectively analyzed.Survivors within 24 hours after admission were regarded as survival group and dead patients as dead group.The comparison was made in regard to injury severity score(ISS)and volume of fluid infusion and blood-transfusion between two groups within 24 hours after admission.At the same time,the comparison in respct of mortality between operation group and non-operation group was also made.Results Of the 298 patients,230(77.2%)survived and 68 (22.8%)died within 24 hours after admission.The ISS and the volume of fluid infusion and blood-transfusion in the dead group were significantly higher than those in the surviving group(P

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the potential protective effect of inducing hypertransfusion to the gastrointestinal tract following a porcine model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by evaluating the influence of gastrointestinal ultrastructure, ATPase and serum diamine oxidase. METHODS: Ventricular fibrillation was induced by programmed electrical stimulation in 16 male domestic pigs (n=8/group). Four minutes after ventricular fibril ation, CPR was performed. The pigs that successfully restored spontaneous circulation received intravenous infusion of either norepinephrine to maintain the mean arterial pressure at 130％ of the baseline before ventricular fibril ation or normal saline. Serum diamine oxidase and gastrointestinal ATPase activity were determined, and histopathological examination of the gastrointestinal tract was performed by light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: CPR caused significant injury to the gastrointestinal tract, elevating serum diamine oxidase and causing destruction of intestinal microvillus in control animals. Na+-K+ ATPase and Ca2+ATPase activity in gastric tissue were significantly elevated in animals receiving hypertransfusion treatment compared with the control animals. Hypertransfusion also significantly reduced serum diamine oxidase to below control levels after CPR. Moreover, severe injury sustained by the gastrointestinal tissue was markedly ameliorated under hypertransfusion conditions compared with the control animals. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrointestinal injury and abnormal energy metabolism were strikingly evident following CPR. Hypertransfusion inducing hypertension can improve energy metabolism and ameliorate gastrointestinal mucosal injury, indicating that hypothermia significantly ameliorates gastrointestinal injury sustained following cardiac arrest.

Objective To perform a biomechanical study on and compare the stability of internal fixation with closed Kirschner wire in different spots from the epicondylus medialis to sulcus nervi ulnaris and epicondylus lateralis of humerus in the treatment of GartlandⅢsupracondylar fractures of humerus in children in order to provide basis for avoiding cubitus varus in clinic.Methods Twenty models of su- pracondylar fractures were made from ten humerus samples,then divided into two groups(group A and group B).They were fixed with closed Kirschner'wires.Ulnar Kirschner wire varied.In group A five spots were selected averagely from the epicondylus medialis to the sulcus nervi ulnaris.Kirschner wires entered from one of the five spots into another spot of humerus.In group B Kirschner wires entered defferent spots of humerus from the central spot of sulcus nervi ulnaris.Biomechanical tests were carried out,such as axial load,axial displacement,stress intensity,axial rigidity and anti-twisty ability.Forty-six children with Gart- landⅢsupracondylar fracture of humerus were treated and followed up for more than one year.Results In beth groups,with the angle of Kirschner wires and fracture side increasing,the strain and the vertical displacement decreased,the stress intensity and the axial rigidity increased,and the anti-twists ability was enhanced.There was statistic difference(P＜0.05).The follow-up of the 46 patients showed the elbow joint function recovered well with no cubitus varus malformation.Conclusion Internal fixation with closed Kirschner wires in sulcus nervi ulnaris from the epicondylus medialis and the epicondylns lateralis of humerus for GartlandⅢsupracondylar fracture of humerus in children has the advantages of enhancing bio- mechanical stability,effective prevention of secondary replacement of outlying black of the fracture and a- voidance of cubitus varus.It can be widely used clinically.

As important Internet users, college students need to establish good cyber ethics to promote healthy development of the Internet and meet the needs of their own growth. The characteristics of college students' cyber ethics include hierarchy, self-discipline, orientation and particularity. Self-respect and respect for others;hon-est and trustworthy;fair and mutual benefit;attention to public welfare and participation;patriotic, studious, cre-ate a harmonious network should be college students' network moral norms.

BACKGROUNDDuring cardiac arrest, the gastrointestinal tract is sensitive to ischemia. Protection of the gastrointestinal tract is a critical factor in determining prognosis following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study seeks to determine the extent of gastrointestinal tract injury and the potential protective effect of inducing hypothermia following a porcine cardiac arrest model and CPR.

METHODSVentricular fibrillation was induced by programmed electrical stimulation in 16 male domestic pigs (n = 8 per group). Four minutes after ventricular fibrillation, CPR was performed. Pigs that successfully restored spontaneous circulation then received intravenous infusions of saline at either 4°C or room temperature to produce hypothermic and control conditions respectively. Serum diamine oxidase and gastrointestinal adenosine triphosphate enzyme activity were determined and histopathology of the gastrointestinal tract was performed by light microscopy and electron microscopy.

RESULTSSignificant injury of the gastrointestinal tract after CPR was found. Na(+)-K(+) and Ca(2+) adenosine triphosphate enzyme activity in the gastric tissue were significantly high in animals receiving hypothermia treatment compared to controls. Hypothermia also significantly reduced serum diamine oxidase after CPR compared to the control group. Moreover, severe injury sustained by the gastrointestinal tissue was significantly ameliorated under hypothermic conditions compared to controls.

CONCLUSIONSGastrointestinal injury and abnormal energy metabolism are strikingly evident following CPR. Hypothermia, which is induced by an infusion of 4°C saline, can rapidly reduce internal body temperature, improve energy metabolism, and ameliorate injury to the gastrointestinal mucosa after CPR.

Animals ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Energy Metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; injuries ; Heart Arrest ; therapy ; Hypothermia, Induced ; methods ; Male ; Swine

According to the 2010 Chinese pharmacopeia, salt processed and charcoal processed Eucommiae Cortex were pre- pared. HPLC-DAD analysis of the content of the bark and leaf of Eucommiae Cortex showed that the bark of Eucommiae Cortex mainly contained lignans such as pinoresinol glucose and iridoid including genipin, geniposide, geniposidic acid, while the leaf of Eucommiae Cortex consisted of flavonoids such as quercetin and phenolic compound such as chlorogenic acid. The content of pinoresinol diglucoside in the bark of Eucommiae Cortex was about 18 times more than that in the leaf of Eucommiae Cortex. The content of pinoresinol diglucoside in salted and charcoal processed Eucommiae Cortex decreased approximately by 30% and 85%, respectively. The content of genipin, geniposide and geniposidic acid in the bark of Eucommiae Cortex was about 3 times, 23 times, 28 times more than that in the leaf of Eucommiae Cortex. The content of genipin, geniposide and geniposidic acid in salted Eucommiae Cortex were reduced by 25%, 40% and 40%, respectively. The content of genipin, geniposide and geniposidic acid in charcoal processed Eucommiae Cortex were reduced by 98%, 70%, 70%, respectively. The content of caffeic acid in bark of Eucommiae Cortex was about 3 times more than that in the leaf of Eucommiae Cortex. The content of caffeic acid was decreased by about 50% in the salted Eucommiae Cortex. While the content of caffeic acid in charcoal processed Eucommiae Cortex was decreased approximately 75%; the content of chlorogenic acid in bark of Eucommiae Cortex was about 1/6 of that in the leaf of Eucommiae Cortex. The content of chlorogenic acid in salted and charcoal processed Eucommiae Cortex decreased by 40% and 75%, respectively; the content of quercetin in bark of Eucommiae Cortex was only 1/40 of that in the leaf of Eucommiae Cortex. The content of quercetin in salted and charcoal processed Eucommiae Cortex were reduced by 60% and 50%, respectively.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Eucommiaceae ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction on Fas/FasL in salivary glands of NOD mice with Sjogren's syndrome and their mRNA expression.

METHODThirty-two NOD mice were randomly divided into the model group, the traditional Chinese medicine group (TCM group, orally given 0.4 mL nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction as per 100 g x kg(-1) everyday), the hydroxychloroquine group (given 0.4 mL hydroxychloroquine as per 60 mg x kg(-1) everyday), the traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine group (TCM WM group, given nourishing Yin, Strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction 50 g x kg(-1) and hydroxychloroquine 60 mg x kg(-1), 0.4 mL everyday), with eight mice in each group. Eight Balb/C mice were selected as the normal control group (normal group). All of mice were killed after eight weeks, and their submaxillary glands were dissected. The expression levels of Fas/FasL were examined by immunohistochemical method, and the FasL mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTThe expression levels of Fas/FasL in salivary glands of the model group were higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of FasL of the normal group was much lower than that in the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05). The relative expression level of Fas mRNA in salivary glands of the model group was higher than that in other groups, but the control group was notably lower than other groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of FasL mRNA in salivary glands of the model group was higher than that in TCM and TCM WM groups (P < 0.05). But the expression level in TCM WM group was notably lower than the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction could down-regulate the expression level of Fas/FasL in salivary glands of NOD mice with Sjogren's syndrome and their mRNA expression, and had a better efficacy after being combined with hydroxychloroquine. The nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction might treat the Sjogren's Syndrome by reducing apoptosis which is regulated by Fas/FasL

Animals ; Fas Ligand Protein ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Qi ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salivary Glands ; metabolism ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; blood ; genetics ; therapy ; Yin-Yang ; fas Receptor ; genetics

This study aims to perform a survey of genetic variation in neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza A/H3N2 virus, as well as related resistance to NA inhibitors, in Qinghai Province of China, 2010 to 2012. Strains of influenza A/H3N2 isolated during an influenza survey from 2010 to 2012 in Qinghai were enrolled by random sampling. Viral RNA was extracted and amplified by RT-PCR. Purified PCR products were sequenced thereafter. Genetic analysis of nucleic acid and the derived amino acid sequences was performed by MEGA 4.0. Phylogenetic trees were also constructed. Strains isolated during 2010-2011 in this study clustered closely with World Health Organization (WHO) 2010-2012 reference vaccine strain A/Perth/16/2009 and 2008-2010 reference vaccine strain A/Brisbane/10/2007 on the phylogenetic tree, while the 2012 isolates were located on another branch. In analysis of derived amino acid sequences, the 2010 isolates mutated at K81T, the 2011 isolates mutated at I26V and D127N, while the 2012 isolates mutated at E41K, P46A, I58V, T71N, L81P, D93G, D127N, D151N, and I307M. The D151N mutation added a glycosylation site to the activity center of NA. No significant variation was discovered in H3N2 NA gene of 2010-2011 isolates in Qinghai, China. Isolates of 2012 were found with significant mutation, which has the potential of inducing minor resistance to NA inhibitors like zanamivir and oseltamivir.
Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuraminidase ; chemistry ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

Objective To analyze the electrocardiography(ECG)data of pressure overload-induced cardiac hy pertrophy rats.Methods Pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy was induced by abdominal aorta constriction. Echocardiogram and heart weight measurement demonstrated the occurrence of cardiac hypertrophy.Standardized ECG parameters of limb and chest were measured and statistically analyzed.Results Two weeks after hypertrophy models were established,echocardiogram showed greater LVPWTd,IVSTd,LVDd.ECG showed that left axis deviation and higher R waves in V_A,V_B,V_C(P

Objective To investigate the effect of valsartan (angiotensinⅡtypeⅠreceptor antagonists) on neointimal proliferation and expression of CD34 after angioplasty in rabbits.Method Twenty-four male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:the control group,fed up with common diet;the model group and the valsartan group,fed up with hypercholesterolemic diet for 4 weeks,f then and ballon angioplasty.At 4 weeks after operation,the model group was fed up with common diet,whereas the valsartan group was fed up with the admixture of valsartan 10 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1) and common diet.All the rabbits were killed at the end of the 12th weeks.The abdominal aorta was performed with pathologic and morphologic analysis,and expression of CD34 in endothelial cells was analyzed with immunohistochemical method.Results Compared with the model group,the neointimal thickness and area of the valsartan group decreased by 56.58%and 66.81%, respectively.The expression of CD34 of the valsartan group was significantly higher (P