Objective To identify the role of autopahgy in the protective mechanism of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number table) divided into five groups (n =8 in each group),namely sham group,model group,cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) group,zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) group and 6-amino-3-methylpurine (3-MA) group.Partial hepatic I/R model was established by clamping the pedicles of left and median lobes for 1 hour and reopening for 6 hours in rats,and the rats in sham group were only received celiotomp without hepatic I/R.In the CoPP group,CoPP (a HO-1 inducer,5 mg/kg) was administered i.p 24 hours before I/R.In the ZnPP or 3-MA group,besides pretreatment with CoPP,the rats were given ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor,25 mg/kg) or 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor,30 mg/kg) i.p 1 hour before I/R.Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was determined with automatic biochemistry analyzer.The hepatic pathological scores (PS) were determined under light microscope using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The hepatocyte apoptosis index (AI) was assessed with terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.Autophagosomes in liver tissue were counted under electron microscope.The mRNA expressions of HO-1,caspase-3,Beclin-1 and Atg-5 in the liver were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The HO-1 activity was also measured by the generation of bilirubin with the method of double-wave spectrophotometry.Results Compared with the sham group,the level of serum ALT significantly increased in the I/R group (U/L:560.3±73.6 vs.49.1 ± 13.8,P ＜ 0.01),HE staining showed a severe hepatic injury (PS:12.0±2.0 vs.1.3±0.9,P ＜ 0.01),TUNEL staining showed a higher hepatocytes apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 significantly increased [AI:(19.38±3.07)％ vs.(3.25±1.28)％,caspase-3 mRNA (2-△△CT):4.62±0.40 vs.1.05±0.15,both P ＜ 0.01].However,there was no significant difference in the expression of HO-1 and the genes associated with autophagy between the two groups.In the CoPP group,the hepatic injury was blunted compared with that in the I/R group [ALT (U/L):223.3 ± 34.4 vs.560.3 ± 73.6,PS:5.6 ± 2.3 vs.12.0 ± 2.0,AI:(11.38± 2.39)％ vs.(19.38 ± 3.07)％,caspase-3mRNA (2-△△CT):2.42±0.33 vs.4.62±0.40,all P ＜ 0.01].HO-1 was induced in the CoPP group and autophagy was also increased significantly after I/R when compared with those in the I/R group [HO-1 mRNA (2-△△CT):3.01 ±0.71vs.1.14 ± 0.20,HO-1 activity (pmol ·mg-1 · h-1):259 ± 37 vs.113 ± 26,the number of autophagosomes:8.75 ± 0.87 vs.1.25±0.71,Beclin-1 mRNA (2-△△CT):2.85±0.28 vs.1.15±0.11,Atg-5 mRNA (2-△△CT):2.44±0.25 vs.1.14±0.12,all P ＜ 0.01].In the ZnPP group,the activity of HO-1 was much lower than that in the CoPP group,and as a result autophagy was decreased and liver injury was increased.In the 3-MA group,although there was no difference in the activity of HO-1 compared with that in the CoPP group,autophagy was inhibited,and the protective effect of CoPP was eliminated.Conclusion HO-1 could regulate the level of autophagy during liver I/R,and in turn autophagy might mediate the protective effects of HO-1 against liver I/R injury.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of spinal hydatid disease and help to diagnozy and treat the disease. Methods 14 cases with spinal hydatid disease, admitted in our hospital between July 1994 and October 2003, were studied retrospectively. Besides routine examinations, plain X-ray films were performed in all 14 cases, CT in 8 cases and MRI in 13 cases, respectively. 8 cases sufferred serodiagnostic tests for human hydatidosis. All cases underwent operation and the histopathological examination. There were 5 males and 9 females with an average age of 25.8 years(range, 5-53 years) in this series. All 14 cases had the living history in endemic area and the average duration of symptom was 26.7 months(range, 4-120 months). The lesions most frequently involved the thoracic segments, accounting for 35.8%, and then 21.4% in the lumbar, and 28.6% in the lumbosacral segments, cervical segments were the least commonly involved. According to Dew'classification, spinal hydatid cysts located primarily at intradural extramedullary area in 1 case, extradural intraspinal in 2 cases, vertebral in 7 cases, paravertebral in 1 case and combination of various extradural tissues involved in other 3 cases. Results The clinical manifestations were localized back pain or radiating pain, mass and gradually progressive neurological dysfunction. Eight of 14 cases displayed abnormality in X-ray films which showed local, well-defined and irregular erosions with or without surrounding sclerosis or calcifications. CT scans presented multiloculated low density lesions. The MRI characteristics of the lesions were multiloculated cysts, signal intensities of the cyst content were similar to that of CSF. On T1W images the cyst wall appeared iso- or slightly more hypo-intense than the cyst content, T2W images demonstrated a low intensity rim and the hyper-intense cyst content resembling a bunch of grapes. Seven of 8 cases performed the 3-tests serodiagnosis were positive, and 3 cases with positive 3-tests serodiagnosis accepted 8-tests were positive. All the specimens were shown to be Echinococcus Granulosus. Conclusion MRI was the most sensitive diagnostic method and the best method to determinate the site and extent of the cystic lesions. CT and serological examination are useful for diagnosis. The key of avoiding misdiagnosis is to enhance understanding of the disease.

Objective To design and manufacture a hypobaric cabin simulator for experimental animals.Methods The simulator was composed of a fully transparent working chamber,an electrical chamber,a pressure control component and a program control component,which had its body made of polymethyl methacrylate plastics,the hatch made of metal plate and support by reinforced metal bar.The air inside chamber was exhausted by the diaphragm vacuum pump,the air inflow was controlled by proportional valve,and the inner pressure and the speed of rise and decline were exactly controlled by the balance of inflow and exhaust.Results The new type of hypobaric cabin simulator had the characteristics of accurate pressure control,low fluctuation range and controllable up and down time,low noise as well as adaptable air exchange rate.Conclusion The new type of hypobaric cabin simulator matches the national standard for experimental animals,and can be used in making the animal model of high altitude diseases.

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Ethanol ; blood ; Humans ; Methanol ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of autophagy in acute lung injury (ALI) caused by multiple trauma in rats via pretreat with 3-methyladenine (3-MA).

METHODSForty-five Sprague-Dawley male rats, with age of 4 months and body weight of 250-300 g,were randomly divided into three groups. In the sham group, the rats received sphenotresia only;in the control group, the rats were made model of femur shaft fracture combined with brain injury, and treated with physiological saline by abdominal cavity at 1 hour before making model; in the 3-MA group, the rats were made model of femur shaft fracture combined with brain injury,and treated with 3-MA of 10 mg/kg by abdominal cavity at 1 hour before making model. Histologic changes and the concentration of related inflammatory factors in the damaged lung tissue were examined at 48 h after opteration, at the same time, the effect of 3-MA on the expression of LC-3 II and Beclin-1 was examined through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR).

RESULTSCompared with sham group, LC-3 II and Beclin-1 level in control group at 48 h after operation were obviously increased (P < 0.01). Compared with control group, LC-3 II and Beclin-1 level in 3-MA group at 48 h after operation were obviously decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with sham group, the level of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in control group obviously enhanced (P < 0.01). Compared with control group, above items in 3-MA group was obviously lower (P < 0.01). Compared with control group,the histopathological damage of lung in 3-MA group obviously reduced (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAutophagy can aggravate the acute lung injury caused by fracture of shaft of femur combined with brain injuries,but 3-MA can reduce tissue damage by inhibiting the autophagy and inflammatory response.

Acute Lung Injury ; prevention & control ; Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; analysis ; Beclin-1 ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Lung ; chemistry ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Multiple Trauma ; complications ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

Purpose To observe the mutation of K-ras gene and expression of Fascin-1 protein in CRC tissues and their relationship with clinical pathological features, and then to analyze the correlation between mutation of K-ras and expression of Fascin-1. Methods In 86 cases of CRC tissues, K-ras mutation was detected by DNA sequencing analysis, and Fascin-1 expression was detected by im-munohistochemical method. Results In CRC tissues the mutation rate of K-ras was 34. 88%, the expression rate of Fascin-1 was 60. 47%. The mutation rate of K-ras in lymph node metastasis group was higher than that of without lymph node metastasis group, and that in distant metastasis group was higher than that of without distant metastasis group(P<0. 05). The expression rate of Fascin-1 in serosa invasion group was higher than that of without serosa invasion group, and that in lymph node metastasis group was higher than that of without lymph node metastasis group, and that in distant metastasis group was higher than that of without distant metastasis group (P<0. 01). There was a correlation between the mutation of K-ras gene and the expression of Fascin-1 in CRC tissues (rp =0. 236, P<0. 05). Conclusions The CRC tissues with mutation of K-ras are more likely to metastasize and the CRC tissues with expression of Fascin-1 are more likely to invade serosa and metastasize. The CRC tissues with mutation of K-ras are more likely to express Fascin-1.

Objective To evaluate blood flow structure and quantify the variation of the flow within left ventricle,assess the impact of chronic heart failure(CHF) by vector flow mapping(VFM).Methods Twenty-seven patients with chronic heart failure and thirty controls were involved.The flow vector images on the section plane of the flow within the left ventricle were acquired by VFM.Time-flow(T-F) curve and all other peak systolic and diastolic flow curve include normal velocity profile,parallel velocity profile,vector profile,flow profile were analyzed by DSA-RS1 program.Results Ventricular ejection peak S,rapid ventricular filling peak E and atrial systole peak A were relatively lower at basal and middle segments in CHF group than normal control group.Normal velocity profile,velocity profile,flow profile at peak S and E were lower at basal and middle segments in CHF group than normal control group.Conclusions VFM technology could provide quantitative and intuitive information to demonstrate the flow structure of the ventricle and evaluate the cardiac function in patients with CHF.

Objective To study surface heparinization of small intestinal submucosa(SIS)and an- tithrombegenicity of beparinized SIS films with plasma initiation technique for the engineering vascular scaffolds. Methods The SIS films were grafted with heparin by hypothermia plasma initiation technique.The blood com- patibility of the modified SIS films was assessed by observing blood coagulation time in vitro and the long term pa- tency of hepafinized SIS vascular scaffolds directly under the circulation of blood.Results The hypothermia plasma initiation method could attach heparin onto the SIS surface,The water contact angle of SIS films modified with heparin was decreased while the surface free energy and hydrophilicity increased.The prothrombin time(PT),ac- tivated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)and thrombin clotting Time(TT)of the SIS films modified with heparin were prolonged obviously.Small caliber engineering vascular scaffold made of heparinized SIS films kept the patency for six weeks.Conclusion Heparin can be attached to SIS films by hypothermia plasma initiation technique.The modified surfaces provide good and persistent antithrombogenicity,and possess potent blood compatibility,

A novel biosensor for aflatoxin B1 detecting has been reported. The biosensor electrode for AFB1 detecting was assembled by immobilized aflatoxin-oxidoreductase using open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotubes as matrix. Its linear range was between 0.16?M and 3.2?M. And if the specific anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody and aflatoxin oxidoreductase were both immobilized on the electrode with Multi-Walled carbon nanotubes, the detection limit of the modified electrode could be 16 nM with a 10 times improved sensitivity. The aflatoxin enzyme biosensor assembled this way strode one step forward its practical application.

Measuring the content of soluble reducing sugar, total sugar, soluble protein, guanosine, alkaloids, and succinic acid of Pinellia ternata tuber were measured by anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method, Coomassie brilliant blue method, RP-HPLC, reverse potentiometric titration, acid dye colorimetry, respectively. The result showed that yellow light could promote the growth and development of P. ternata and increase the content of soluble reducing sugar, total sugar, alkaloids, and succinic acid. Under blue light could promote the content of soluble protein and guanosine. Red and yellow light increased the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, contrastively blue light reduced the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. White film through the most uniform spectrum was most conducive to the synthesis of chlorophyll a. As single film, blue film, yellow film were more conducive to the synthesis of chlorophyll a, green film and red film had been relatively beneficial to the synthesis of chlorophyll b. Bulbil formed the largest number and the biggest propagation coefficient of P. ternata under red light showed that it could increase the production of P. ternata under red light.
Carbohydrate Metabolism ; radiation effects ; Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Light ; Pinellia ; growth & development ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; radiation effects ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Quality Control ; Solubility