Objective To compare the sensitivity and specificity of NMP 22 test with voided urine cytology in detection of bladder cancer and to evaluate their clinical values. Methods For 155 patients suspected with bladder cancer NMP 22 and cytology were conducted in the same voided urine samples.Of them 95 patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma were confirmed histologically.The sensitivity and specificity of NMP 22 and urine cytology were analyzed.60 patients without bladder cancer were selected as control. Results The overall sensitivity and specificity of NMP 22 test were 65.3% and 70.0%,respectively,those of urine cytology were 43.2% and 83.3%,respectively.There was no significant difference between the specificity of urine cytology and that of NMP 22 test;however,NMP 22 was significantly more sensitive than urine cytology in detection of any stages and grades of bladder cancer(P

Aim To further research into the antithrombotic mechanism of scorpion venom active peptides (SVAP). Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured with enzyme digestive method. After the cultured HUVC was incubated in conditioned media for 1 hour, the effects of SVAP on the concentration of 6-Keto-PGF 1? and NO of HUVEC were determined with radioactive-immunolygic and nitrate reduction enzyme method respectively. Results As compared with control, SVAP in the doses of 1,5,10, 20 mg?L -1 had the distinctive increase of 54%, 68%,72%,79% of the concentration of 6-Keto-PGF 1? and SVAP in the doses of 10, 20 mg?L -1 had the significantly increased of 27%, 46% of the concentration of NO. Regression anylysis showed that the release levels of PGI 2 and NO in HUVEC induced by SVAP was of positive correlation. Conclusion Antithrombotic mechanism of SVAP is related to the increase of PGI 2 and NO released from HUVEC and synergistic and mediating action between NO and PGI 2.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SQFZI) on erythrocyte immune function in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

METHODSTwenty patients ready for receiving CPB were randomly assigned to two groups, 10 in each group. Patients in the SQFZI group were treated with 250 mL SQFZI via intravenous dripping starting from 5 days before operation and after ending CPB once a day. Peripheral venous blood samples of all patients were collected at the time points of before anesthesia, and 6 h, 24 h, 72 h and 7 days after CPB, which were anticoagulated with heparin for dynamically detecting the changes of RBC-C3bRR and RBC-ICR.

RESULTSRBC-C3bRR and RBC-ICR in the SQFZI group were significantly higher at 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, and day 7 after operation than those in the control group respectively at the corresponding time points, and they restored to the normal levels at day 7, suggesting the erythrocyte immune function after CPB in the SQFZI group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONApplication of SQFZI in the peri-operative period can significantly improve the hypo-immunological function of erythrocyte caused by CPB, and promote the recovery of erythrocyte immunity.

Adult ; Aged ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; Female ; Heart Valve Diseases ; blood ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the roles, duties and tasks of elementary health teachers. Required knowledge, skills, and worker behaviors were also examined. METHODS: Elementary health teachers' jobs were analyzed by DACUM workshop. First, the health teachers' roles and related jobs were described, and then the jobs were divided into duties and subordinate tasks. The identified roles, duties and tasks were reviewed and refined, and then were organized in a DACUM chart. DACUM committee members discussed not only general knowledge, skills and work behaviors but also future trends and concerns. RESULTS: The DACUM chart for elementary health teachers consisted of 8 duties and 52 tasks. Required knowledge, skills and worker behaviors were also listed. CONCLUSION: Elementary health teachers play roles as health manager, health care provider, and teacher in school. Their roles, duties and tasks are being changed. Thus, their jobs need to be redefined legally, politically, and institutionally.
Committee Membership ; Education ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Job Description ; School Health Services ; Task Performance and Analysis

Objective To investigate the gray matter volume differences between adult hypothyroid subjects and healthy controls using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Methods A total of 28 untreated hypothyroid patients and 28 age and gender-matched uormal controlswere recruited.The coucentrations of their freetriiodothyronine (FT3),free theroxine (FT4),and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)were testedfrom their venous blood on the day they accepted MR scanning.High resolution 3D-datawereobtained using 3.0 T MRI scanner.VBM analysis was performed to detect the volume differences between the groups by using voxel-wise two sample t test.Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the influence exerted upon gray matter volume by serum FT3,FT4,and TSH concentrationof hypothyroid patients.Results Compared to controls,gray matter volumes in the bilateral superior frontal gyri,left precentralgyrus and bilateral cerebellum were decreased in hypothyroid patients (voxels 211-2 142,t=3.36-3.69,P＜0.01,corrected).No significant correlation between the gray matter volume in the above-mentioned brain regions and the clinical variables (serum FT3,FT4,and TSH concentration) (P＞0.05) was found in the multiple regression analysis.Conclusions VBM analysis revealed that hypothyroid patients exhibited reduced gray matter volume in multiple brain regions.It suggests that the lack of thyroid hormones can lead to the structural abnormalities in adult brain and selective gray matter atrophy in multiple brain regions.

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop the contents of disaster nursing education in community health nursing at universities. Methods: To validate contents, the Delphi method was used. We categorized two domains(indirect disaster management and direct disaster management) and developed 48 draft items. This study applied two round surveys and 23 experts participated in this study. The content validity was calculated using content validity ratio and coefficient of variation. Results: Indirect disaster management domain was composed of three categories including 12 items: 1) Understanding of the disaster, 2) disaster management system, and 3) response by disaster stage and recovery. Direct disaster management domain was composed of nine categories including 30 items: 1) Ethical considerations, 2) communication in disasters, 3) nursing activity by disaster stage, 4) emergency nursing in disasters, 5) patient severity classification in disasters, 6) disaster nursing for vulnerable groups, 7) disaster nursing for victims, 8) psychosocial nursing and health in disasters, and 9) cases of disaster nursing in communities. Conclusion This Delphi study identified the contents of disaster nursing education curriculum, and confirmed the validity for disaster education program in community health nursing. Based on the results, it will be helpful for training the disaster nursing and improving the competency on disaster nursing of the nursing students.

This study aimed to evaluate the vasorelaxant effect and mechanisms of compound reserpine and triamterene tablets (CRTTs) and its component triamterene on isolated rat thoracic aorta rings. Isolated rat thoracic aorta rings pre-contracted by high potassium or norepinephrine (NE) were used to evaluate the vasodilatory effect of CRTTs and its component triamterene. The mechanisms concerning endothelium, potassium channels and calcium channels were studied through the interventions of several tool drugs. Animal welfare and experimental procedures followed the requirements of the Laboratory Animal Management and Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. The results showed that both CRTTs and triamterene had potent relaxant effect on KCl and NE pre-contracted vessels. Triamterene showed partial endothelium dependency, and N-nitro-L-argininemethyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) could influence the relaxant effect, which may be related to the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels. Meanwhile, CRTTs could inhibit intracellular Ca²⁺ release and extracellular Ca²⁺ influx. Overall, CRTTs and its component triamterene have vasorelaxant effects on vessels in vitro, and the vasorelaxant effect of CRTTs may be related to intracellular Ca²⁺ release and extracellular Ca²⁺ influx, while this effect of triamterene may depend on vascular endothelial function and may also be related to the opening of calcium-activated potassium channels.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of pulmonary arterial perfusion with Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI)on lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

METHODSTwenty-two patients with cardiac valvular disease and pulmonary hypertension were randomly divided into the control and the SFI group equally. SFI mixed pure oxygenated blood to the SFI group, and oxygenated blood alone to the control group was perfused via pulmonary artery during CPB. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), ratio of leucocyte counts in venous and arterial blood, and time of mechanical ventilation applied were measured before and at the end of CPB, and 6th, 24th hours after CPB.

RESULTSAfter treatment, MDA content and PVR were significantly higher than those before CPB (P < 0.05), and reduced to normal level 24 h after CPB in both groups, but the peak levels were lower in the SFI group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The leucocyte counts ratio in venous and arterial blood were significantly higher at the end of CPB and 6 h later than those before CPB in both groups (P < 0.05), but the increment were lower in the SFI group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the applying mechanical ventilation time in the SFI group was 16.1 +/- 5.5 h, significantly shorter than that in the control group (29.1 +/- 6.9 h, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPulmonary arterial perfusion with SFI could alleviate the CPB induced lung injury.

Adult ; Aged ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Valve Diseases ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; surgery ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Pulmonary Artery ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; blood ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Resistance ; drug effects

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the suicidal ideation rate of the elderly including individual and regional factors by sex. Methods: This is secondary analysis study that combines the data of the 2017 Community Health Survey with the e-indicator data set of the National Statistical Office, and a descriptive correlation study. Statistical analysis used hierarchical logistic regression by SAS 9.4. Results: The 11.5% of the elderly had suicidal ideation within the last year, and 18.4% in Chungnam is the highest. Individual characteristics include females, older people, lower education levels, no job or housewife, no spouse, less than seven hours of sleep per day on the average, low subjective health, high subjective stress, and the worse their economic conditions, the more they had suicide ideation.Considering regional characteristics, suicidal ideation tended to increase significantly as the number of hospital beds per 1,000 people and the rate of obesity was lower, the rate of stress perception was higher, and the odds value was small. When both individual and regional factors were considered, the model conformity of the suicidal ideation improved (ICC=0.0814). Conclusion In order to lower the suicidal rate of the elderly, it seems that both individual and community factors need to be comprehensively approached from the stage of suicidal ideation in the community.

PURPOSE: Measurement of testicular volume is useful for the evaluation of puberty and testicular development in boys. Four mililiter of testicular volume means Tanner stage 2, the beginning of puberty, and its ethnic differences were reported. However, there is no reference value for Korean children. We tried to establish the standard testicular volume for Korean boys. METHODS: The subjects were selected among the children who visited the out-patient clinic of Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital and Korea Cancer Center Hospital for the evaluation of growth from 2003 to 2008. Three hundred seventy two healthy Korean boys, 3 to 17 years of age, were included. We excluded the patients who were diagnosed as precocious puberty, delayed puberty, hypopituitarism, adrenal disorder and other endocrinologic disorder. The testicular volume was determined with Prader orchidometer. Clinical data were collected from patient's chart retrospectively. RESULTS: Right and left testicular volumes were 3.65 +/- 1.82 mL and 3.55 +/- 1.80 mL at 10 (10.0 - 10.9) year of age (n = 53), 6.17 +/- 3.60 mL and 6.13 +/- 3.69 mL at 11 (11.0 - 11.9) year of age (n = 52), respectively. There was no significant difference between right and left testicular volumes. CONCLUSION: The time when testicular volume reached 4 mL seemed to be not changed than previous Korean data. However, further study will be required to determine the secular trend of pubertal timing in Korean boys.
Child ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism ; Korea ; Outpatients ; Puberty ; Puberty, Delayed ; Puberty, Precocious ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies