The fermentation conditions of high 1.3 -propanediol-producing strain E. aero-N-56 were determined in this Paper. The optimum conditions of producing 1.3-PD were: initial pH 7.0, temperature 30℃, culture time 48 h, inoculum size 9% . Under the optimum conditions: the 1.3-PD productivity reached up to 23.68 g/L?d; the 1,3-PD yield of E. aero-N-56 up to 47.36 g/L in 30 L fermentor.

Animals ; Carcinogens ; toxicity ; Female ; Lung Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urethane ; toxicity

Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; surgery ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Middle Aged

Background Bulbar conjunctiva tissue appears to be thinning,elasticity declined,tension reduced and fascia atrophied in conjunctivochalasis.Histopathological examination of conjunctivochalasis shows decrease of elastic fibers and melt of collagen fibers.But there are fewer studies on the ultrastructure of conjunctiva of conjunctivochalasis up to now.Objective This study was to investigate the ultrastructure change of conjunctiva tissue in conjunctivochalasis.Methods Five loose conjunctiva samples of conjunctivochalasis and 5 normal conjunctival tissue samples were collected and ultra-microstructure changes of these samples were observed under the transmission electron microscope.Results The number of fibroblasts in conjunctivochalasis lamina was progressively decreased.The shape of fibroblasts was long and fusiform.Somatic synapse was slim.Nucleus-cytoplasm ratio was increased.Disorder,scattered and broken of the collagen fibril were seen,and some areas were dissolved or lacunae.Normal conjunctival fibroblasts were oval or polygonal,with wieners and long somatic synapse,and intercellular matrix was full of collagen fibril and dense arranged fibers.Fibroblasts in fascia of eonjunctivochalasis were linear,and collagen fibril was seriously defected.Fascia fibroblasts of normal bulbar conjunctiva were spindleshaped and bigger than conjunctivochalasis fibroblasts.There were full of collagen fibrils in intercellular matrix.Conclusions The collagen fibril is decreased and fibroblast cells are degenerated in lamina and fascia of conjunctivochalasis.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a newly recognized fibro-inflammatory condition of autoimmune etiology in recent twenty years, mainly manifesting as mass-forming lesions in single or multiple organs. In the past, it was often missed or misdiagnosed as inflammation or tumor. Patients may die from multiple organ failure due to end-stage fibrosis if they are not treated promptly. However, the number of clinically confirmed cases has gradually increased with the improvement of diagnostic level in recent years, and these patients have benefited greatly after receiving early treatment. Although patients generally respond well to traditional immunosuppressors including glucocorticoids and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, refractory and recurrent cases, even patients with glucocorticoid contraindication are common. Important mechanistic insights have been derived from studies of B-cell depletion therapy, but greater awareness of the pathophysiology of IgG4-RD is still badly needed to identify novel therapeutic targets. In this article, we reviewed the pathogenesis progress and promising therapy of IgG4-RD to seek better clinical management of IgG4-RD.

Objective To assess the new edition of WHO Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Surveillance Standards (WHO Standards) based on syndrome surveillance data and to provide field evidence regarding the standards. Methods Based on syndrome surveillance data, acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) case was categorized, according to the WHO Standards. A cohort study was applied to estimate the AES definition set in the Standard and relative risk was computed to estimate the existence and intensity of statistical correlation between AES and JE cases. Percentage of attributable risk was counted to describe the coverage of AES for JE cases in the studied population. Sensitivity,specificity, Youden index and positive predictive value of AES components were calculated for the purpose of identifying the clinical values under the screening program. Results 1424 suspected cases were evaluated in the surveillance program and 1396 cases with ELISA result, of which 109 positive cases were detected. According to the "standardized" classification, a total of 706 cases in line with AES case deftuition, were categorized into 83 cases of JE, 425 cases of AES unknown and 198 cases of AES other agent. In the cohort study,a relative risk of 4.62 (95% CI:2.80-7.63 ) and the percentage of attributable risk as 78.35% (95% CI: 64.25% -86.89% ) were observed. Conclusion The AES definition for JE was significantly effecting on the screening programs and a strong correlation strength was observed in the study. AES syndrome could cover most of the JE cases. "Convulsions",with appreciative screening value, was recommended to be involved into the new version of the WHO Standards.

OBJECTIVETo estimate disease burden and epidemiological characteristics of acute meningitis/encephalitis, and provide the basis for the disease control strategy development.

METHODSA syndrome surveillance system was established in Guigang city with a population of 5 020 000. For the suspected cases, serum and CSF were collected, and bacterial culture, latex agglutination test, real-time PCR and ELISA tests were carried out. All involved cases were identified to 6 categories according to WHO case definition.

RESULTS1424 suspected cases were evaluated in a surveillance of 30 months, yielding the incidence, mortality and mortality of 11.35/100 000 (1424/12 546 500 person years), 0.43/100 000 (54/12 546 500 person years), 3.79% (54/1424) respectively. A total of 103 and 51 cases were confirmed for JE, bacterial meningitis, with a incidence of 0.82/100 000 (103/12 546 500 person years), 0.41/100 000 (51/12 546 500 person years). 96.10% (99/103) of JE cases and 37.30% (19/51) bacterial meningitis cases occurred in < 10 years old children and < 5 years old children. A clinical misdiagnosis rate of 19.42% (20/103) and 15.69% (8/51) were observed for JE and bacterial meningitis.

CONCLUSIONAcute encephalitis, meningitis syndrome can cause a higher burden of disease, of which the main components of viral encephalitis. Most of syndrome is occurred in summer and autumn, mainly reported in children of younger than 10 years old. A quite misdiagnosis would be made among meningitis and encephalitis syndrome cases.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Encephalitis, Viral ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; epidemiology ; Meningoencephalitis ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Middle Aged ; Seasons ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic effectiveness of Ilizarov technique in treatment of infected tibial defects combined with overlaying skin defects.

METHODSTwenty-one cases with infected tibial defects combined with skin defects were treated between 2001 and 2008 includeing 18 males and 3 females with an average age of 31 years ranging from 19 to 43 years. The length of bone defect ranged from 3 to 13 cm (means 6 cm). Skin defect area was from 3 cm x 3 cm to 6 cm x 10 cm; 11 cases combined with drop foot, 5 cases with arthrocleisis of knee. Preoperative X-ray of the affected limb was performed and zone of skin necrosis was marked, then the point and length of osteotomized bone, and scope of bone and soft tissue need for removing were determined. The internal fixation were removed. Opening irrigation, vacuum sealing drainage (VSD), and dressing changing were appllied. The skin was fixed with Kirschner wire and bone was transferred with Ilizarov technique in all patients. The lengthening of bone and skin was carried out for 4 to 7 days after surgery, 1/6 to 1/4 mm once, 4 to 6 times a day. The clinical effectiveness was determined mainly through wound and lengthening of skin.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for from 6 to 62 months (means 49.5 months). Fourteen of 21 cases received one stage treatment, there was still secretion from end of bone in 3 patients whose bone healed after debridement, the other 4 patients were cured via trimming end of bone and compression fusion. The defects of bone were extended to full length in 18 patients. Abutting end was slightly absorbed and became rattailed in 2 cases, there was lack of blood supply to abutting ends in one patient who was cured via bone graft from iliac bone. Skin defects was cured in 18 patients with one stage treatment, the other 3 patients were cured after infection was controlled. The deformity of drop foot were corrected in 11 patients, and function of knee was improved in five patients. The external fixator was removed at 1.2 to 2.6 years after surgery. At last, bone infections were cured, defects of bone and skin recovered in all patients.

CONCLUSIONOne stage treatment of infected tibial defects combined with skin defects using Ilizarov technique has minimal invasion with less complex surgeries, could reduce the time and expense of treatment.

Adult ; Female ; Fractures, Open ; surgery ; Humans ; Ilizarov Technique ; Male ; Necrosis ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Skin ; pathology ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; surgery ; Tibia ; surgery ; Tibial Fractures ; pathology ; surgery

Background Our previous study determined that expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMPs)change in the conjuntival fibroblasts of conjunctivochalasis in vitro.To seek a suitable drug is very important in the prevention and treatment of conjunctivochalasis.Objective This study was to explore the effect of qijingmingmu soup on the expressions of MMPs and TIMPs in human conjunctival fibroblasts of conjunctivochalasis.Methods Twenty-four SD rats were randomized into two groups.Qijingmingmu soup was administration gastrically for consecutive 3 days,and normal saline solution was given in the same way in the control group.The blood was collected from aortaventralis and drug serum was prepared.Human conjunctival samples were obtained during the surgery of conjunctivochalasis relaxation and cultured in the DMEM containing 10％ fetal bovine serum,20％,15％,10％,5％ of drug serum and 8 ml/L epidermal growth factor(EGF) was added into the medium respectively.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the expressions of MMP1,MMP3,TIMP1 and TIMP3in conjunctival fibroblasts.Results Cultured cells grew well with the fusiform shape and showed the positive response for vimentin.The expression value of MMP1 (A value)in the cells was declined after administration of qijingmingmu soup.A significant difference was found in the expression of MMP1 among the control group,20％,15％,10％,5％ drug serum groups and EGF group(F=466.664,P＜0.05),and that in the 10％ ([9.92±0.14] mg/L) and 20％ ([11.87 ±0.11] mg/L) drug serum groups was significantly lowed in comparison with the control group([16.31±0.10] mg/L)(t=99.974,87.394,P＜0.05).The expression value of the MMP3in the cells in the various drug serum groups,EGF group and the control group was significantly different(F=158.168,P＜0.05),with a lower value in the 20％ drug serum group compared with the control group ([3.50±0.03] mg/L vs.[4.44 ± 0.11] mg/L) (t =21.991,P ＜ 0.05).Also,the significantly different expressing value of TIMP1 was seen among all the groups (F=183.508,P＜0.05),and expressing value of TIMP1 in the 15％ drug serum group was(1.88±0.06)mg/L,which was lower than(3.20±0.32) mg/L of the control group(t=10.353,P＜0.05).Furthermore,the expressing value of the TIMP3 in the cells was significantly different among the various groups(F=54.503,P＜0.05),and that of the 20％ drug serum group was (1.743±0.065)mg/L and it was significantly higher than (1.54 ± 0.05) mg/L of the control group (t =5.046,P =0.004).However,the expressing value of TIMP3of the 15％,10％ and 5％ drug serum groups was lower than that of the control group,respectively all at(P＜0.05).Conclusions Qijingmingmu soup drug serum at the concentration of 20％ can down-regulate the expressions of MMP1,MMP3,TIMP1 and up-regulate the expression of TIMP3 in human conjunctivochalasis bulbar conjunctival fibroblastsin vitro,which probably plays preventive and therapeutic effects on conjunctivochalasis.

To study the clinical skills training methods and formulate a training objective for pediatric long-year-program students, to let the students, through three years of training program, reach the clinical ability as a chief resident, with better laboratory research skills, teaching awareness and responsibility, and also with good comprehensive quality and excellent English, and finally become clinical talents with great potential and innovation, this report summarized our study results of training two terms of long-year-program pediatric graduates, who fully meeted the training objectives in the department's practice.