Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is a major global health issue that leads to end-stage renal disease which untreated.The use of stem cell therapy provides a new perspective in this area.Reviewing the experimental studies of stem cell therapy on CKD,many different,and even contradictory reports in this area were found.In this paper,the recent reports,and present several key issues of experimental stem cell treatment on CKD were reviewed,including the source of stem cell,the sort of experimental animal,the time of treatment and other experimental details.Hoping these may lead more understanding in this area.

Arginine Deiminase(ADI) was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation,Q-Sepharose Fast Flow anion exchange chromatography and SephadexG-75 gel filtration chromatography. This purification protocol resulted in a 34.5-fold purification of ADI with 31.4% final yield. A molecular weight of about 190 kD determined by native gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme has only one kind of 46 kD subunit determined by SDS-PAGE. Combining the results from the two kinds of electrophoresis,the authors deduce that the enzyme may be a tetramer. The optimum pH and temperature for lipolytic activity of ADI was pH 6.5 and 50℃,respectively. It was extremely stable at 45℃ and retained 97.9% of its original activity for 30 min. The stability declined rapidly as soon as the temperature rose over 50℃. ADI was highly stable in the pH range from pH 5-8. ADI acted on L-arginine but not on D-arginine. ADI catabolism was dependent on metal ions. At their adequate concentration,Mn2+,Mg2+ and Co2+ were the effective promoter,while superfluous Zn2+and Co2+ inhibited ADI activity. L-citrulline did not act on ADI,but L-ornithine inhibited ADI activity. The degradation of L-arginine with ADI catalysis was according to simple Michaelis-Menten equation. The Michaelis constant was 3.2686 mmol/L and the maxi-mum velocity was 2.44 ?mol/min.

Objective:To observe the effect of intra-bone marrow injection (IBMI) of fetal liver mononuclear cell suspension on reconstructing the hematopoietic system in mice. Methods : The fetal liver mononuclear cells from the mice with gestational age of 13.5 days were obtained by Ficoll separation technique, and then the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were obtained by magnetic bead sorting. The fetal liver mononuclear cells were injected into the tibias of 137Cs irradiated mice by IBMI. The recipient mice were observed for reconstitution of the hematopoietic system by routine blood examination, blood smear and bone marrow smear. The donor HSCs in the bone marrow of the recipient mice was subjected to flow cytometry 1 year after transplantation. Results: HSCs accounted for 0.171% in the mouse fetal liver mononuclear cells. One week after transplantation of mouse fetal liver mononuclear cells, blood cells derived from donor cells were detected from peripheral blood; in the third week after transplantation, peripheral blood leukocytes, red blood cells and hemoglobin of recipient mice were restored to the pre-irradiation levels; the percentage of donor-derived blood cells in peripheral blood in the fifth week was stable; the HSCs in the bone marrow of recipient mice were derived from donor cells 1 year after transplantation. Conclusion: The murine fetal liver mononuclear cells can efficiently reconstruct the hematopoietic system of mice by IBMI.

To study the effects of conjee and cooked rice on postprandial glucose and plasma insulin levels in type 2 diatetes,and to help diabetic patients select reasonably food.41 diabetes were divided into cooked rice group ( group A),conjee with steamed bread group ( group B),and oatmeal group ( group C ).At 1 h after meal,the values of postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) was significantly lower in group C than those in group A and group B [ ( 11.17± 2.30 vs 12.88 ± 1.29,13.29 ± 1.97 ) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].At 2 h after meal,the value of PPG was significantly lower in group C than in group A [ ( 8.88 ± 2.66 vs 10.87 ± 1.63 ) mmol/L,P ＜0.05 ].At 1 h and 2 h after meal,there was no significant difference between the value of PPG in goup A and group B ( P＞0.05 ).At 1 h after meal,the value of plasma insulin was significantly lower in group C than those in group B [ (46.02 ± 26.32 vs 88.56 ± 68.75 )μU/ml,P ＜0.05 ],and there was a littler higher in group B than group A ( P＞0.05 ).At 2 h after meal,there was no statistical difference of plasma insulin among group A,B,C [ ( 57.10 ± 33.56,62.26 ± 24.42,54.16 ± 41.35 )μU/ml,P＞0.05 ) ].Isocaloric oat food is potentially beneficial in sustaining blood glucose status and decreasing insulin secretion.It is the ideal choice for type 2 diabetes.Meanwhile,there were no statistical differences in PPG and insulin levels between the individuals taking conjee with steam bread and cooked rice.

This study focused on the intestinal absorption of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) to reveal the scientific connotation of the compatibility of TCM pairs. The single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) was used in rats to compare the absorption of single extracts from Puerariae Lobatae Radix, single extracts from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, combined extracts from Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma mixture in rats. The content of puerarin, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re and ginsenoside Rb1 in liquid were tested by HPLC. The speed constant (Ka) and apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were calculated and compared. Specifically, the order of puerarin Ka and Papp values from high to low was Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Puerariae Lobatae Radix mixture > single extracts from Puerariae Lobatae Radix > combined extracts from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Puerariae Lobatae Radix; the order of ginsenosides Ka and Papp values from high to low was Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Puerariae Lobatae Radix mixture > single extracts from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma > combined extracts from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Puerariae Lobatae Radix. The combined administration of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Puerariae Lobatae Radix may improve the absorption in the intestinal tract.
Animals ; Ginsenosides ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; Isoflavones ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacokinetics ; Pueraria ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome

Adult ; Fatty Liver ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of induction chemotherapy plus concurrent radiochemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through a meta-analysis.Methods CBM, CNKI, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMbase were searched for the articles on comparison between induction chemotherapy plus concurrent radiochemotherapy and concurrent radiochemotherapy for patients with locally advanced NSCLC.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data on short-term outcome and survival were collected.A Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical effect of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent radiochemotherapy.Results A total of 5 articles were included, which involved 845 patients.The results showed that the short-term outcome and the 2-and 3-year survival rates were similar between patients receiving induction chemotherapy plus concurrent radiochemotherapy and those receiving concurrent radiochemotherapy ( OR=0.875, 95% CI 0.507-1.510, P=0.631;HR=0.770, 95% CI 0.515-1.151, P=0.203;HR=0.809, 95% CI 0.559-1.172, P=0.262), but the patients receiving induction chemotherapy plus concurrent radiochemotherapy showed a significantly higher incidence rate of grade ≥ 3 leukopenia than those receiving concurrent radiochemotherapy alone ( OR=0.637, 95% CI 0.435-0.931, P=0.020).Conclusions Induction chemotherapy plus concurrent radiochemotherapy shows no significant advantages over concurrent radiochemotherapy alone in the short-term outcome and 2-and 3-year survival rates, but it significantly increases myelosuppression.Since there are few studies involving a limited number of cases included in this analysis, more multicenter randomized trials are needed to provide more detailed data and further clarify the clinical value of induction chemotherapy plus concurrent radiochemotherapy.

Objective To examine the effects of different pre-treatment nutritional status and inflammatory markers on acute adverse reactions in esophageal cancer patients during concurrent intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and chemotherapy.Methods The acute adverse reactions of 338 eligible esophageal cancer patients who received concurrent IMRT and chemotherapy in our hospital from 2006 to 2014 were reviewed.The effects of different pre-treatment nutritional status, such as body mass index level (BMI), albumin level (ALB), total lymphocyte count (TLC), the presence or absence of anemia, and inflammatory indicators including neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), on acute adverse reactions in the patients were examined.Data were analyzed using the chi-square test with continuity correction and logistic regression analysis.Results The incidence rate of malnutrition in the patients based on their nutritional status was 5.62%-54.14%.The incidence rate of grade≥2 acute radiation esophagitis (RE) was significantly higher in the low ALB group than in the normal ALB group (P=0.000).The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the hematologic system increased as TLC decreased (P=0.006), but the incidence rate of acute radiation pneumonitis (RP) was reduced as TLC decreased (P=0.001).In addition, the incidence rate of grade ≥2 acute RE was significantly higher in the anemia group than in the non-anemia group.Inflammatory marker analysis demonstrated that the incidence rate of acute RE was significantly higher in the high NLR group and high PLR group than in the low NLR group and low PLR group (P=0.000 and P=0.024, respectively).Logistic regression analysis of nutritional status and inflammatory markers showed that TLC was an independent risk factor for acute adverse reactions in the hematologic system (P=0.001), and ALB and PLR were independent risk factors for acute RE (P=0.017 and P=0.011,respectively).Conclusions Nutritional status and inflammatory markers are associated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy-induced acute adverse reactions in esophageal carcinoma patients, and hence may be valuable indicators of acute adverse reactions during treatment.In addition, nutritional treatment and support care should be actively provided to the patients to prevent the development of acute adverse reactions during treatment.