Objective To investigate the effects of neferine on the proliferation and the P-glycoprotein(P-gp) expression of refractory/relapsed acute leukemic cells and to provide experimental evidence for further clinical use. Methods MTT and immunocytochemistry SABC methods were used respectively to observe the alteration of the proliferation and the expression of P-gp in refractory/relapsed acute leukemic cells after treating with neferine. Results The inhibition ratio on acute leukemic cells of neferine adding adriamycin(ADM) group was significantly higher than that of ADM group (P0.05). Conclusion [WTBZ]Neferine can inhibit the proliferation of refractory/relapsed acute leukemic cells, and reduce the P-gp expression of refractory/relapsed acute leukemic cells and consequently reverse multidrug resistance(MDR).

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus rehabilitation training in treating post-stroke deglutition disorders of qi-deficiency blood stasis pattern. Methods: Sixty-six patients with post-stroke deglutition disorders of qi-deficiency blood stasis patter were divided into an observation group and a rehabilitation group using the random number table method. The two groups both received conventional medications and supportive treatment for stroke. In addition, the observation group received acupuncture plus rehabilitation training while the rehabilitation group only received the same rehabilitation training. The interventions were conducted 3 times a week for a total of 4 weeks in both groups. They were evaluated using Kubota water swallowing test (KWST), Fujishima Ichiro food intake level scale (FILS) and symptoms score of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) before and after treatment, and at the 1-month follow-up. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed at the 1-month follow-up. Results: The KWST grading and FILS result after treatment and at the follow-up were significantly different from those before treatment in both groups (all P<0.001); the results of these two items at the follow-up were not significantly different from those after treatment in the two groups (all P>0.05). There were significant differences in the KWST grading and FILS result between the two groups after treatment and at the follow-up (all P<0.05). The TCM symptoms score changed significantly after treatment and at the follow-up compared with that before treatment in both groups (all P<0.001). The TCM symptoms grading efficacy at the follow-up was significantly different from that after treatment in the observation group (P<0.05), while the difference was statistically insignificant in the rehabilitation group (P>0.05). The TCM symptoms grading efficacy in the observation group was significantly different from that in the rehabilitation group after treatment and at the follow-up (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the conventional treatment for stroke, acupuncture plus rehabilitation training or use of rehabilitation training alone both can improve the clinical symptoms in post-stroke deglutition disorders of qi-deficiency blood stasis pattern, but acupuncture plus rehabilitation training can produce more significant efficacy and better long-term efficacy in improving TCM symptoms.

Aim To study the effect of oxymatrine (OMT)on protecting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)from toxicity induced by high glucose in vitro.Methods The HUVECs were cultured with medium containing different concentrations of glucose or OMT. The cells were randomly divided into 6 groups:5.5 mmol·L -1 control group(Control),22.2 mmol·L -1 high glucose (22.2 mmol·L -1 ),44.4 mmol·L -1 high glucose (44.4 mmol·L -1 ),control+OMT(control +OMT),22.2 mmol·L -1 high glu-cose +OMT(22.2 mmol·L -1 +OMT),44.4 mmol ·L -1 high glucose +OMT (44.4 mmol · L -1 +OMT).The protective effect of oxymatrine was as-sessed by MTS assays.The expression of A2B in HU-VECs was detected by Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)and Western Blot methods.Results The glucose was shown to have caused cytotoxicity in HU-VECs.Oxymatrine (3 μmol·L -1 )was found to have protected HUVECs from glucose toxicity effectively, and reduced the expression of A2B significantly.Con-clusion Oxymatrine can obviously protect HUVECs from cytotoxicity induced by high glucose and the effect is performed partly by decreasing A2B expression.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections during 2013-2014 in Changhai Hospital for rational use of antibacterial agents.Methods The bacterial strains from blood samples were collected during the period from January 2013 through December 2014,and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by using automated system or Kirby-Bauer method.The results were interpreted according to CLSI M100-S24 breakpoints or FDA breakpoints.The data were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software.Results A total of 1 048 nonduplicate isolates were collected,of which Escherichia coli,coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 29.5％,15.8％ and 13.8％,respectively.Gastroenterology,Hematology,General surgery,Urology and Department of Infectious Diseases are the top 5 departments according to their total number of bacterial isolates.The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that ESBLs-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae accounted for 63.8％ and 38.6％,respectively.The prevalence of methicillinresistant CNS (MRCNS) was 77.6％.The E.coli strains isolated from Urology showed higher resistance rates to cephalosporins than the total E.coli strains,while the E.coli strains isolated from Gastroenterology showed higher resistance rates to betalactarn/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and carbapenems than the total E.coli strains.Higher prevalence of MRCNS was found in departments of Hematology,Urology and Neurosurgery.All the CNS strains isolated from Neurosurgery were resistant to methicillin.The K.pneumoniae strains isolated from Bum ICU had higher resistance rates to all the antibacterial agents tested than the total K.pneumoniae strains,while the K.pneumoniae strains isolated from Gastroenterology showed higher resistance rates to carbapenems and tigecycline than the total K.pneumoniae strains.Conclusions The pathogenic bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections vary with departments in terms of species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility profile.It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in hospital for rational use of antibiotics.

Objective To observe the effect of vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate for one-stage treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.Methods A retrospective case series study was made on 26 patients with chronic osteomyelitis treated from January 2014 to April 2016.There were 23 males and 3 females,with a mean age of 35.8 years (range,16-90 years).After focus debridement of osteomyelitis,the cavities were filled with vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate and systemic antibiotics were used.Meanwhile,gentamicin was added to patients showing unclear pathogens.Three patients underwent flap transfer surgery simultaneously due to the inadequate soft tissue coverage.Wound healing,local redness and swelling,sinus recurrence,recovery of osteomyelitis and repair of bone defect were detected after operation.Results All patients were followed up for 6-30 months (mean,19.5 months).Primary healing was achieved in all patients.One patient experienced wound exudate and was effectively managed by dressing change,one patient experienced inadequate local soft tissue coverage and was effectively managed by a second flap transfer surgery,and one patient remained wound unhealing after two surgeries and was cured by infected bone resection using the Masquelet induced membrane technique.Follow-up showed local bone defect was repaired in all patients without bone infection recurrence.Conclusions For patients with chronic osteomyelitis,one-stage surgery with vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate can control infection with simultaneous repair of bone defect.Therefore,the procedure is a simple and effective method and worthy of clinical practice.

Purpose　To introduce a method to isolate cDNA clones using bacteriophage P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) or bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) as probe for hybridization and try to find some novel genes related to hepatocellular carcinoma.　Methods　PAC 579 (D17S926 locus) and BAC 1529 (D17S1529 locus) in the deletion region of chromosome 17p13.3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma were chosen to screening the human liver cDNA library as probe for hybridization. The isolated positive cDNA clones were partially sequenced, then analyzed by computer comparison and Southern blot.　Results　After three cycles of screening, 78 and 8 candidate positive cDNA clones were isolated using PAC 579 and BAC 1529 probes respectively. Further analysis indicated 18 cDNA clones isolated by PAC 579 probe and 5 cDNA isolated by BAC 1529 probe were potential novel genes related to hepatocellular carcinoma.　Conclusions　The isolation of cDNA clones using PAC and BAC probes is effective and practical.

Burn patients often suffer from different degrees of dysfunction, such as residual burn wounds, formation of hyperplastic scar, scar itching, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, limitation of motion, and psychological disorders, which exert severe impact on their daily life. This article reviews various rehabilitation treatments for dysfunction after burn injury to promote rehabilitation of burn patients.
Burns ; physiopathology ; rehabilitation ; China ; Humans ; Rehabilitation ; methods

OBJECTIVEParkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, has been reported to be associated with brain neuroinflammation in its pathogenesis. Herein, changes in peripheral immune system were determined to better understand PD pathogenesis and provide possible target for treatment of PD through improvement of immune disorder.

METHODS1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was intraperitoneally injected into mice to prepare PD model. Expression levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes and concentrations of the cytokines in serum were examined on day 7 after MPTP injection. Percentages of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry.

RESULTSMPTP induced PD-like changes such as motor and behavioral deficits and nigrostriatal impairment. Expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines including interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-17 and IL-22, in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were upregulated and their concentrations in serum were elevated in PD progression. But, the concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were not altered in the two lymphoid tissues or serum of PD mice. In addition, expression of T-box in T cells (T-bet), the specific transcription factor of helper T (Th) 1 cells, was downregulated, but expression of transcription factor forkhead box p3 (Foxp3), the transcription factor of regulatory T (Treg) cells, was upregulated. In support of the results, the numbers of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ cells (Th1 cells) were reduced but CD4+CD25+ cells (Treg cells) were elevated in both the lymphoid tissues of PD mice.

CONCLUSIONPD has a dysfunction of peripheral immune system. It manifests enhancement of proinflammatory response and CD4+ T cell differentiation bias towards Treg cells away from Th1 cells.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytokines ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Flow Cytometry ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-17 ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Interleukins ; blood ; Lymph Nodes ; cytology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Parkinson Disease ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Spleen ; cytology ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Th1 Cells ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the scavenging action of tenuigenin (TEN) on intracerebral amyloid β protein (Aβ) aggregation and the abnormal phosphorylated tau protein and its mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats' brain.

METHODSAβ1-40 was injected into the right CA1 region hippocampus to establish the AD model. Successfully modeled rats were divided into the model group, the low, middle, high TEN group. Rats were administered with TEN (18.5, 37.0, 74.0 mg/kg) by gastrogavage. Besides, a sham-operation group was set up. Expression levels of Aβ1-40 and Tau p-Ser262 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Expression levels of ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-protein ligase E3 were measured by Western blotting.The content of 26S proteasome was detected by ELISA.

RESULTSImmunohistochemical results showed that the number of Aβ and Tau p-Ser262 positively reacted neurons significantly increased in model group, when compared with the sham-operation group (P < 0.01). Results of Western blot showed expression levels of ubiquitinated protein were up-regulated and those of Ub-protein ligase E3 were down-regulated in the model group (P < 0.01). ELISA results showed that the content of 26S proteasome significantly decreased in AD rats' brain (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, expression levels of Aβ1-40, Tau p-Ser262, and Ub significantly decreased; expression levels of Ub-protein ligase E3 apparently increased; the content of 26S proteasome significantly increased in each TEN treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Best effect was shown in 37.0 mg/kg and 74.0 mg/kg TEN groups.

CONCLUSIONSUb proteasome pathway (UPP) participated in the occurrence of AD. TEN could obviously reduce intracere- bral Aβ1-40 accumulation and abnormal tau phosphorylation.

Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; metabolism ; Rats ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; metabolism ; Ubiquitins

Background Sirius system,a new Scheimpflug camera combined with Placido topography,improved the capability of imaging the anterior eye segment significantly.However,the study of assessing the repeatability and agreement between Sirius and Pentacam is still lack up to now.Objective This study was to evaluate the repeatability and agreement of the anterior ocular segment measuring parameters by Sirius and Pentacam in myopia received laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).Methods Thirty-five myopic eyes of 35 patients received LASIK were included in School of Optometry and Ophthalmology Eye Hospital from 2010 May through 2010 July.Corneal power flat keratometry (Kf),step keratometry (Ks),mean keratometry (Km),thinnest corneal thickness(TCT),the location of TCT,anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber volume (ACV) were measured by Sirius and Pentacam in all the eyes,respectively.The repeatability of the measuring results were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Cronbach's coefficient alpha (CoA),and the agreement of measuring parameters between Sirius and Pentacam was analyzed using Bland-Altman plot.Results Both Sirius and Pentacam demonstrated high intraobserver repeatability,with all ICC and CoA more than 0.90.No significant differences were found in Kf values and Ks values between the two methods (t =-1.533,-1.750,P＞0.05).Km value was (39.14 ± 1.95) D by Sirius measurement,which was sígnificantly higher than (39.05 ± 1.91) D by Pentacam measurement (t =3.572,P =0.001).The TCT was (457.6 ± 40.9) μm by Sirius method,showing a significant reduce in comparison with (465.4±37.5) μm of Pentacam method (t =-6.689,P＜0.001).A positive correlation was seen in the TCT between the two methods (r=0.988,P＜0.001).The Bland-Alrman plots showed the 95％ CI-21 μm to 6 pm in the TCT value between the two devices.Pairwise comparison of the location of TCT measurements showed significant differences between the two devices (t =-4.132,-5.696,P＜0.001),with a good correlation (r=0.751,0.775) and the 95％ CI (-0.36-0.17 mm,-0.35-0.12 mm).A very good agreement was seen in ACD between the two devices (-0.02-0.12 mm),but the agreement result was not very well in the ACV between the two devices with the 95％ CI (-27.70-6.20 mm3).Conclusions Sirius and Pentacam measurements for anterior ocular segment parameters have a very good repeatability in post-LASIK eyes.In addition,good agreement results are exhibited in corneal power,TCT and ACD between Sirius and Pentacam with an acceptable maximal different value between them.Sirius and Pentacam can be used interchangeably in clinical examination.However,the two devices can not interchangeably for ACV measurement and TCT location.