Objective To observe the changes in Bcl-2 protein expression in rat kidney tissue after severe burn with delayed fluid resuscitation in areas of different altitude,and explore the relationship between its expression and cell apoptosis.Methods The experiments were performed at two altitudes(1 517m and 3 848m).A 30% TBSA Ⅲ? scald model was reproduced with 240 male Wistar rats(120 rats for each altitude).Rats were randomly assigned into delayed fluid resuscitation group(DFR,n=50),immediate fluid resuscitation group(IFR,n=60) and normal control group(NC,n=10).Renal tissue samples were harvested at 1,6,12,24,72 and 168 hours after scald,respectively.The cell apoptosis was detected by tissue chips technic and terminal uridin nick end labeling(TUNEL).The expression of Bcl-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry and image analysis.Results In higher altitude,cellular edema,granular degeneration,necrosis and disintegration of renal tubular epithelial cells;dilation and engorgement of renal glomerular capillaries,degeneration and necrosis of endothelial cells,and congestion,edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in renal interstitium were found.The pathological changes were more serious in DFR group than that in IFR group,and they were worse in the rats at 3 848m altitude than that in those rats at 1 517m altitude.The levels of cell apoptosis and Bcl-2 protein expression were higher in DFR group than that in IFR group,and in the rats at 3 848m altitude than that in those rats at 1 517m altitude(P

Objective: To discuss the treatment of pancreatic encephalopathy(PE).Methods: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH)(Saizen)were applied in patients of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) with suspicious early PE that presented with mental disorders. rhGH was also used in combination with somatostatin as the therapeutic method for SAP and its complication.Dosage and administration: Saizen 4U was injected intramuscularly twice a day for 5～7 days.Results: In 7 patients of this group, all of them showed improvement in the aspect of mental dysfunction and the symptoms disappeared after 48～72 hours. In 13 SAP cases underwent combined application of rhGH and somatostatin, no PE was observed.Conclusion: Application of rhGH showed therapeutic effect on the early manifestations of PE. It also suggested that combined use of rhGH and somatostatin could decrease the occurance of PE.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value, patients' tolerance and complications of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in the diagnosis of small intestinal diseases. Methods During May 2003 to July 2005, a total of 68 patients (36 men, 32 women; mean age of 52. 6 years, range 15-78 years) with suspected small intestinal diseases were performed double-balloon enteroscopy (36 via mouth, 25 via anus and 7 via both mouth and anus according to suspected lesion location). Among them, obscure recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding was found in 39 cases, incomplete small intestinal obstruction in 7 cases, chronic abdominal pain in 14 cases, and chronic diarrhea in 8 cases. Results Approximately one half to three-fourth of the entire small intestine was observed by each approach in all cases except for 3 cases of severe intestinal stricture. The observation of the whole small intestine was finished by the combination of both oral and anal approaches in 7 cases. The appropriate use of X-ray made the enteroscopy easier and more helpful to determine the extent and location of the lesions. The lesions were found in 41 of the 68 patients, with a total positive rate of 60. 3%. The diagnostics yields was 26/39(62. 6%) in obscure recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding, 5 in incomplete intestinal obstruction, 6/14(43%) in chronic abdominal pain and 4 in chronic diarrhea, respectively. Fifty-seven cases (83. 8%) tolerated well without anesthesia while 11 cases received propofol anesthesia. No procedure-related severe adverse events or severe complications such as hemorrhage or perforation occurred in all cases. Conclusion Double-balloon enteroscopy is a well-tolerated and safe diagnostic approach with a high diagnostic yield in small intestinal diseases.

To analyze the specific mechanism of Jinxueyuan granules, the relationship between the Jinxueyuan granules increased the saliva secretion of xerostomia model SD rats and excitement of receptors were studied in this experiment. In the study, three groups of xerostomia model rats were successfully established by using M-receptor blockers-4-diphenyl-acetoxy-N-methyl-piperidine (4-DAMP) and atropine, or adrenergic receptor blocker phentolamine; after the modeling, the medicine Jinxueyuan granules were gavaged. According to the clinical dose of Jinxueyuan granules and SD rats body surface area, the rats in atropine group were divided three dose groups respectively, namely low, medium and high dose of Jinxueyuan granules groups. The 4-DAMP group and phentolamine group were gavaged medium dose of Jinxueyuan granules. And the amount of salivary secretion for 150 minutes in all groups continuously were measured, and the effect of Jinxueyuan granules increased salivation and the relationship between characteristics and the receptors were observed; and submandibular gland tissue of the rats was isolated, then the effect of Jinxueyuan Granules for expression of the water channel protein aquaporin-5 (AQP5) in submandibular gland cells was analyzed by the Western blot technology. It was found that the saliva secretion of Jinxueyuan Granules groups was increased significantly, and compared with the saline control group, phentolamine group, 4-DAMP group and atropine group, difference was significant, P < 0.05. There was no significant difference between the low-dose of Jinxueyuan granules group and the saline group, but the medium dose of Jinxueyuan granules group had a significant difference, compared with the saline group (P < 0.05). In the time distribution of increasing saliva secretion, there was a significant difference between the saline and Jinxueyuan granules group in the saliva secretion (P < 0.05). After administration of Jinxueyuan granules, the expression of AQP5 protein in the submandibular gland cells expressing of treatment groups was increased, and compared with the blocker groups, there was a significant difference, P < 0.05. Except the atropine group, there was no significant difference in Jinxueyuan granules relieving the inhibition induced by blocks in phentolamine group and 4-DAMP group, compared with the saline group. Compared the AQP5 expression in three blockers groups, there was no significant difference in the efficacy of Jinxueyuan granules between phentolamine group and 4-DAMP group; but there was a significant difference between the atropine group and other groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, it was considered that the mechanism of Jinxueyuan granules increasing saliva secretion (effectiveness of nourishing Yin and generating body fluid ) possibly through the pathway mediated by muscarinic M receptor, especially M3 receptor, or adrenergic receptor, and increased expression of salivary gland AQP5 membrane, and then stimulate saliva production.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Saliva ; secretion ; Salivary Glands ; drug effects ; secretion ; Xerostomia ; drug therapy ; metabolism

Objective To explore the effect of lysolecithin choline (LPC) on blood-brain barrier(BBB) permeability in rats with acute pancreatitis. Methods Acute pancreatitis rat model was produced and rats were randomly divided into:(1)Test group-AP, rats received LPC by tail vein injection; (2)control group I, AP rats were given normal saline by tail vein injection; (3)control group II, sham operation without AP, but LPC was given by tail vein injection.Horseradish peroxidase(HRP) was used as a tracer to determine BBB permeability 7~10 days later.Results The test group showed local extravascular effusion of HRP, indicating that BBB permeability was markedly increased,while both control groups showed no apparent increase of BBB permeability,which were statistically significant(P

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical outcomes of patients with acute type A intranural hematoma of the aorta(IMH) received surgical treatment.Methods We analyzed 40 consecutive patients with acute type A aortic IMH in Fuwai hospital.The patients are from 2012.1.1 to 2015.12.31.The average age of patients is(56 ± 11) years.Clinical outcomes and morphological evolution by CT were analyzed for 2 years.Results Most of the patients were treated medically during their initial hospitalization.There were 2 patients died in in-hospital and no 2-year mortality.16 patients (40％) were received acute surgery,24 patients(60％)were received normal surgery.Conclusion Surgical treatment would be a favorable treatment option in type A acute IMH.

BACKGROUND:Diabetic foot ulcers threaten the patients’ health and even survival seriously. It is an international difficult problem and lacks an effective treatment. But gene therapy and stem celltherapy possess special advantages and potential in wound healing. OBJECTIVE:To assess the therapeutic effect of transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected by human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (hVEGF165) gene on foot wound healing in diabetic rats. METHODS:Recombinant adenovirus was established in vitro which expressed hVEGF165 gene and transfected into the third generation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Total y 120 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups:group A (non-diabetic controls), group B (diabetic controls), group C (Ad-hVEGF165 therapy), group D (stem celltherapy) and group E (transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected by Ad-hVEGF165 gene). Rats in the latter four groups were intraperitoneal y injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetic models. In al rats, a 3 mm×7 mm rectangular ful-thickness skin sample was cut from the instep of the hind foot to make a model of foot wound. The rats were subcutaneously injected at equidistant six points 5 mm distal to the wound edge on the dorsum of the foot:50μL PBS per point for group A, 50μL adenovirus suspension (1×1013 pfu/L) per point for group C, 50μL stem cellsuspension (1×1010/L) per point for group D, and 50μL adenovirus suspension+50μL stem cellsuspension per point for group E. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After injection, the rate of wound healing, the expression of VEGF and the qualities of capil aries in group E were higher when compared with groups B, C, D (P<0.05), but were lower than those in group A (P<0.05). Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected by hVEGF165 gene can promote foot wound healing, angiogenesis and expression of VEGF in diabetic rats.

Objective:To examine the expression and function of thrombonspondin-1 (TSP-1) in oxygen-induced retinopathy in new-born mice, and to investigate its role in retinal neovascularization. Methods:A total of 40 C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided equally into a model group (n=20)andanormalcontrolgroup(n=20).Miceinthemodelgroupwereexposedto75%oxygentoestablish the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. On the 7th, 9th, and 11th day after the birth of mice, 5 mice were randomly selected each time from the 2 groups to examine the expression of TSP-1 mRNA with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). After that, 5 mice were selected on the 11th day to observe the retinal neovascularization by fluorescein angiography retinal flatmount. Results:On the 11th day, fluorescein angiography retinal flatmount showed that the retinal blood vessels presented mean network distribution in the normal control group, while in the model group, a lot of dilatated areas in the retinal main vessels surrounded the optic disc. Meanwhile lots of new blood vessels were found surrounding the optic disc with irregular distribution but well distributed peripherial retinal small vessels, which was typical of early stage OIR. There was no signiifcant difference in the retinal TSP-1 mRNA level between the model group and the normal control group in the postnatal 7-day mice (P>0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the expression of TSP-1 mRNA in the model group was signiifcantly lower in postnatal 9-day and 11-day mice (P<0.05, P<0.01) , and the expression of TSP-1 mRNA in postnatal 9-day mice was lower than that in the postnatal 11-day mice(P<0.05).
Conclusion:In the early stage of OIR model (retinal vascular growth and development stage), the expression of TSP-1 mRNA in the retinal tissue is gradually decreased, implying that TSP-1 (as a negative regulatory factor) may be involved in the formation of retinal neovascularization in the early stage.

Objectives:To explore the possibility of using experimental animal models as a new means for studying the pathogenesis and symptomatologic development of radiation-induced lung injury,and provide theoretical and experimental evidences for early prevention and treatment with the traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:80 female Wistar rats were divided randomly into the model group and control group with 40 rats in each group respectively.The rats in model group were anesthetized and fixed,and a 2cm?3cm area of the right lungs received 6mV X-ray radiation at 3Gy?2/w and a maximal 10/5w.Eight rats randomly selected from each group were sacrificed at the end of weeks of 3,5,8,12 and 26.Diagnostic techniques of TCM were employed to analyze symptomatological and developmental characteristics of TCM in radiation-induced lung injury during exposure by dynamic examination and comparison of living rats,gross lung samples and tissue sections.Results: Signs and symptoms including redness around nose and eyes,yellowish secretion,tachypnea,dry stool,lethargy,sluggishness, inactiveness were observed in model group in early stage of radiation exposure,which consistent with dominant heat in the interior and primordial qi exhaustion syndrome.Swollen lungs,bright redness on surface and red bleeding patches were observed in early stage of radiation;microscopic examination showed interstitial tissues,and readily visible congestion,hemorrhage and edema of pulmonary interstitial tissues,consistent with damaged blood collaterals by heat and blood escaping circulation syndrome.In the later stage of radiation exposure,the lungs showed dark appearance,apparent purple petechia,hard texture and poor elasticity.Microscopic examination showed remote hemorrhage foci,pulmonary capillary stasis or closure,and focal fibrotic clumps,consistent with obstruction of collaterals by blood stasis syndrome.No abnormal changes were observed in the control group.Conclusions:Animal experiments can redeem the clinical inadequacy of traditional inspection,auscultation and olfaction,interrogation and feeling pulse and palpation diagnostic techniques,modern pathological methods can be utilized to study symptomatology of traditional Chinese medicine.Symptomatological and developmental characteristics of'heat toxin impairment in radiation-induced lung injury characterized by heat damaging pulmonary collateral syndrome in early stage and pulmonary collateral stagnation syndrome in the advanced stage'can be revealed at living organism,gross lung sample and microscopic pulmonary tissue levels,thus providing theoretical basis for early prevention and treatment of radiation-induced lung injury using'cooling blood to remove apthogenic heat'.

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Ethanol ; blood ; Humans ; Methanol ; blood