Objective To describe an intelligent three-dimensional technique for automatic visualization of the fetal cranial mid-sagittal view to allow for the differential diagnosis of fetal midline anomalies.Methods Two hundred and twenty pregnant women with singleton pregnancies were imaged to display the mid-sagittal view of fetal head using a new 3D program (Smart MSP) developed by our team.Results The mid-sagittal view of the fetal head was successfully visualized in 190 normal cases (95％) and 18 abnormal cases (90％) by Smart MSP program.The total successful rate was 94.5％ (208/220).Conclusions Smart MSP is a novel and feasible method for the automatic visualization of fetal cranial midsagittal plane and may become a potential tool for routinely screening the fetal midline anomalies.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathogenic causes of lower respiratory tract infections(LRTIs) in the elderly in Guangzhou area.METHODS Pathogens obtained from 107 patients with LRTIs were performed by multiple diagnostic tools that including bacterial culture,PCR and specific immunological assays.RESULTS A bacterial cause was established in 42(68.5%) and an atypical pathogen cause in 25(31.6%) of the 107 patients.Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae remained the most important pathogens for LRTIs.CONCLUSIONS In the prescription of antibiotics in the elderly with LRTIs,not only bacteria but also atypical pathogens should be taken into account.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of prenatal ultrasonography in diagnosis of retroaortic left innominate vein ( LINV ) . Methods Thirty fetus with retroaortic LINV were involved , including 17 cases of isolated retroaortic LINV and 13 cases of complicated retroaortic LINV . Three-vessel and trachea ( 3VT ) view was focused in the routine second trimester ultrasound screening to observe whether LINV existing or not . And then the transducer was rotated to the fetal sagittal view to assess the relationship between LINV and aortic arch and the convergence of left subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein into the LINV . Results The characteristic feature of retroaortic LINV was the LINV converge into right superior vena cava ( SVC) under the aortic arch ,not above the aortic arch . The most important plane to detect the retroaortic LINV was the 3VT view ,which revealed the abnormal vein lying to the left of pulmonary artery . The abnormal vein then could be traced and revealed its connection with the right SVC beneath the aortic arch on the transverse plane inferior to the 3VT view and on the fetal sagittal plane . Conclusions The whole course of retroaortic LINV can be revealed by ultrasound prenatally ,which can not only account for the abnormal vein to the left of pulmonary artery on 3VT view ,but also play an important role in surgery decision and future cardiac intervention treatment .

Objective To explore the effect of preventing adhesion after the orbital blowout fracture on orbit tissue by amniotic membrane. Design Experimental study. Participants Twenty-six New Zealand rabbits. Methods Establishing rabbit orbital blowout fracture model, the right orbit of twenty rabbits was repaired by hydroxyapatite (HA) parceled of amniotic membrane, and left orbit was only repaired by HA, the orbits of the other six rabbits weren't repaired. Then we got the tissue around bone after one week and one month, and compared the difference of three groups. Main Outcome Measures Inflammatory response of tissue around bone was ana- lyzed by HE, picric acid Sirius Scarlet dying, TGF-?immunohistoehemical observation. Results One week after operation, HE and im- munohistochemistry showed that the difference was not significant in inflammatory response between experimental group and control group (P=0.351, P=0.413), and difference is significant between blank group and experimental group (P=0.012, P=0.041). One month after operation, HE and immunohistoehemistry showed that the difference was significant in inflammatory response between experimental group and control group(P=0.037, P=0.048), and there is no significant difference between experimental group and blank group(P=0.285, P=0.472). Conclusion It has an important role of anti-inflammatory and anti-adhesion in the chronic stage of inflammatory after orbital blowout fracture repaired by man-made plates of amniotie membrane.

PEG-modified magnetic Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-PEG) nanoparticles were sythesized using a solvothermal reaction and characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The photothermal effect and photothermal destruction of cancer cells were evaluated. Then the doxorubicin loaded Fe3O4-PEG (DOX-Fe3O4-PEG) nanoparticles were prepared. The cytotoxicity and combined chemotherapy/photothermal therapy (PTT) effect were investigated. Uniform PEG coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles with particle size of 155 nm were obtained in the experiment. The loading and release of doxorubicin on Fe3O4-PEG were pH-dependent. The drug loading capacity in water was 21%. The results of MTT indicated a good biocompatiblity of Fe3O4-PEG nanoparticles and high cytotoxicity of DOX-Fe3O4-PEG. In combined therapy experiment, photothermal therapy demonstrated unambiguously enhanced chemotherapy efficacy. In conclusion, the obtained Fe3O4-PEG nanoparticles which exhibit good photothermal effect and drug loading capacity can be used for chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. The synergetic anti-tumor activity indicates the potential for the combined application of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy in cancer treatment.
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Drug Carriers ; Ferrosoferric Oxide ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; MCF-7 Cells ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI),and to identify the risk factors in primary schoolchildren from Shanghai through the population-based field investigation combined with the tuberculosis infection enzyme-linked immunospot assay(T-SPOT.TB)assay.Methods The children in grade 4 and 5 were enrolled from four primary schools in Pudong new district and Yangpu district of Shanghai.Questionnaire interview was applied to investigate the soeiodemographic and clinical information related to LTBI.The T-SPOT.TB assay was used to detect LTBI in the enrolled subjects.Univaitate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with LTBI among the primary schoolchildren.Results Totally 472 schoolchildren were enrolled in the present study,with 439(93.0%)being vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) and ten (2.1%) having contact history with tuberculosis (TB) patients.Among the 472 eligible subjects,16(3.4%) children were T-SPOT.TB positive,who had no clinical symptoms andsigns relevant to TB and were defined as LTBI.The LTBI prevalence in BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated children were 2.7% and 12.1%,respectively (OR:6.972;95%CI:1.834-26.500);those in TB contacts and children without TB contact history were 30.0% and 2.8%, respectively (OR: 16. 38; 95% CI: 3. 692-72. 700). Conclusions The prevalence of LTBI among senior schoolchildren in Shanghai is 3.4%. BCG vaccination is protective for children from LTBI, while daily contacts with TB patients increases the risk of LTBI in schoolchildren.

Accommodation of the human eye ian extremely complex and dynamiprocess,which iaccomplished by the interaction between the central nervousystem and variouoculastructurethaare relevanto accommodation.Varioumechanismof accommodation have been puforward since the beginning of the 19th century,among which Helmhohz'theory ithe mosfamous.However,iistill challenged by othetheories.So far,the mechanism of accommodation hanobeen fully understood.The mosdirecmethod to study accommodation ito observe changein the biometry of the oculastructureduring accommodation,which ialso the mosobjective interpretation of accommodative mechanisms.The rapid developmenof imaging technologiein regardto ophthalmology makethipossible.Thiarticle aimto describe the use of variouimaging technologiein oculaaccommodative studiein vivo from the perspective of morphology.

ObjectiveTo summarize the echocardiographic diagnosis, clinical classification and prognosis of different types of fetal congenital cardiac malformation (FCMH).MethodsThe echocardiography sonogram characteristics for 429 cases with FCMH were summarized and analyzed by pathological findings and postnatal following-up.ResultsThe incidence of FCMH was 1.3% (429/33 800). In one hundred and seventy-seven caese of single structure malformation, there were 5 cases of Atrial septal defect and 55 cases of interventricular septal defect (34.5%, 61/177). The others including (116 cases): 10 cases of single atrium and 34 cases of single ventricle, 20 cases of Ebstein’s anomaly, 11 cases of tricuspid atresia and 6 cases of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular seprum, 20 cases of pulmonary stenosis, 10 cases of coarctation of aortic arch and 4 cases of interruption of aortic arch, 1 case of pulmonary artery sling. In two hundred and thirty-three cases of symphysic teratism, there were 41 cases of double-outllet right or left ventricle (17.5%, 41/233) and Tetralogy of Fallot (40 cases, 17.2%, 40/233). The others (152 cases) including: 16 cases of complete and 18 cases of corrected transposition of great arteries, 38 cases of atrioventricular septal defect, 30 cases of truncus arteriosus persistens, 8 cases of total and 10 cases of partial abnormal pulmonary venous drainage, 14 cases of hypoplastic right heart and 6 cases of left heart syndrome, 9 cases of pulmonary artery atresia with ventricular septal defect, 2 cases of plysplenia and 1 case of plenia syndrome. Nineteen cases of instructure cardiac anomalies including 16 cases of heart tumor and 3 cases of endocardial ifbroelastosis. Nine cases were missed diagnosis and 7 cases were misdiagnosis. A total of 136 cases couldn′t be cured with an unfavorable outcome. Nighty three cases with severe FCMH could be cured. Fifty four cases needed emergent treatment postnatal, and 146 cases with mild abnormality.ConclusionsFetal congenital malformation of heart diagnosed by antenatal echocardiography is valuable for guiding the clinical decision in prevetion and treatment it can also reduce perinatal mortality with congenital malformation of heart.

? AlM: To estimate the clinical significance of the microculture of humor and vitreous and vancomycin intraocular injection in treatment of suppurative endophthalmitis associated with intraocular foreign bodies.
?METHODS: Totally 65 patients with penetrating eye trauma and retained intraocular foreign bodies in emergency operation and intraocular injection from January 2012 to September 2014 were regarded as the study group, another 62 patients with penetrating eye trauma and retained intraocular foreign bodies in emergency operation without intraocular injection before August 2011 were regarded as the control group. Aqueous humor and vitreous humor were taken from each patient of the study group and the control group for bacteria and fungus cultivation. The study group was treated with 1mg vancomycin intraocular injection after operation, while the control group was not.
?RESULTS: The incidence of endophthalmitis in the control group was 16% ( 10 cases ) , while in the study group was 3% ( 2 cases ) , with significant difference between two groups (x2 =6. 32, P<0. 05). The aqueous humor germiculture in both groups was in low positive rates, the study group was 3% (2 cases) and the control group was 2% (1 case), with no difference between two groups (P>0. 05). The positive rate of vitreous humor germiculture in study group was 14% (9 cases), and the incidence of endophthalmitis was 3%. The positive rate of vitreous humor germiculture in control group was 11% (7 cases) and the incidence of endophthalmitis was 16%, with significant differences between two groups (P<0. 05).?CONCLUSlON: lntraocular foreign bodies treated with emergency operation and vancomycin intraocular injections can decrease the incidence of suppurative endophthalmitis and have a good vision prognosis for the second stage of operation.

Objective:To evaluate the characteristics of cervical hardness and softness in the second trimester, and to explore the predictive value of the combination of cervical elastographic parameters and cervical length(CL) in spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB).Methods:The clinical data of 147 women with full-term birth(full-term birth group) and 24 women with sPTB(sPTB group) who received prenatal examination in Chengdu Women′s and Children′s Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were reviewed. Multiple parameters were measured between 16-28 gestational weeks by the transvaginal ultrasound E-cervix technique. CL, elasticity contrast index(ECI), hardness ratio(HR), mean strain at internal os(IOS), mean strain at external os(EOS), the ratio of IOS to EOS(IOS/EOS) were obtained.Elastographic parameters and CL were compared between the two groups. Furthmore, binary regression was established, while the area under ROC curve(AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive efficiency of elastographic parameters and CL in sPTB, both alone and in combination with other parameters.Results:The elastographic parameters IOS and IOS/EOS in the sPTB group were higher than those in the full-term birth group, while HR and CL were lower than those in the full-term birth group (all P<0.05). There were no statistical differences of ECI and EOS between the two groups(both P>0.05). The AUCs of predicting sPTB with single IOS, IOS/EOS were 0.684 and 0.625, higher than the AUCs of HR, CL. The combination of IOS/EOS and CL, IOS and CL showed higher AUCs than elastographic parameters alone, with the AUC 0.788 of IOS/EOS combined with CL. The sensitivity was 70.8%, and the specificity was 87.3% corresponding to the optimum cutoff value(IOS/EOS was 1.22, CL was 3.46 cm). Conclusions:In the second trimester, sPTB has a lower hardness cervix than that of full-term women, especially the internal os of cervix. The combination of IOS/EOS and CL tends to improve the ability of predicting sPTB in pregnant women.