Adenovirus Infections, Human ; pathology ; virology ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; pathology ; virology ; HIV Infections ; pathology ; virology ; Hepatitis B ; pathology ; virology ; Hepatitis C ; pathology ; virology ; Herpes Zoster ; pathology ; virology ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; virology ; Kidney Diseases ; pathology ; virology ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; pathology ; virology ; Parvoviridae Infections ; pathology ; virology ; Parvovirus B19, Human ; isolation & purification

AIM:To evaluate the protective effect of hypothermic ventricular fibrillation without aortic-cross clamping under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)on canine lung.METHODS:Fourteen dogs were randomly divided into two groups.All dogs received a standardized anesthetic technique.A conditional CPB was performed in every instance.Ventricular fibrillation was induced by systemic hypothermia to 28 ℃ and pericardial cooling saline in the experimental group.A standard CPB was performed in control group.The concentration of IL-8 in serum was measured by ELISA.The expressions of NF-?B and ICAM-1 were determined by using immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS:Serum IL-8 level in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group(P

Aristolochic Acids ; adverse effects ; Child ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrosis ; chemically induced

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution pattern of TCM Syndrome type and its relationship with renal pathology in patients with IgA nephropathy.

METHODSApopting multicenter coordinated method, patients' TCM Syndrome type was differentiated according to their clinical manifestations, data concerning laboratory examination and renal pathology were collected to establish a database for analyzing the relationship between TCM Syndrome type and renal pathology in 286 patients.

RESULTSPatients of Pi-Fei Qi-deficiency type (type 1) and both Qi-Yin deficiency type (type 2) showed rather milder pathological changes, by Lee classification, most of them belonged to grade I-III (72.3%, 70.2%); patients of Gan-Shen Yin deficiency type (type 3) had severe pathological change and majority of them belonged to grade III-IV (84.6%); and the most severe pathological change was shown in patients of Pi-Shen Yang-deficiency type (type 4), and the Lee's grade IV-V was dominant (88.0%) in them. Syndrome type of patients was significantly correlated with their Lee's grade (r = 0.26, P < 0.01). Percentage of glomerular sclerosis in patients of type 4 was higher than that in patients of the other three types. Semi-quantitative scoring upon pathological changes showed that the total, glomerular, tubulo-interstitial and vascular scores were significantly higher in patients of type 4 than in those of the other three types; those scores were higher in patients of type 3 than in type 1; the total, glomerular and vascular scores were higher in patients of type 3 than in type 2; and scores in patients of type 1 and type 2 showed insignificant difference.

CONCLUSIONMulticentric prospective study proves that the TCM Syndrome typeof patients with IgA nephropathy is significantly correlated with the grade and severity of their renal pathological changes, thus, the TCM Syndrome typing shows definite referential importance to conclude the severity of renal pathological change in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Yang Deficiency ; pathology ; Yin Deficiency ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antagonizing effect of Hirsutella sinensis (HS) on renal tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (TEMT) and its possible pathogenic mechanism in rats with chronic aristolochic acid nephropathy (CAAN).

METHODSEighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into 3 groups, the model (M) group, the intervention (I) group and the control (C) group. The 24 h urinary protein (UP) in rats was measured before intervention and at the end of the 1st, 4th, 8th, and 12th week, and creatinine clearance rate (CCr) was measured before intervention and at the end of the 12th week respectively. All rats were sacrificed at the end of the 12th week, their kidney was taken for examining the degree of fibrosis in renal interstitial with Masson's stain and determining mRNA and protein expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), Snail, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and cytokeratin in renal tissue by Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining, respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the C group, CCr was significantly lower, while 24 h UP was higher; the relative area of interstitial fibrosis was significantly larger in the M group; besides, the mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-beta1, Snail and alpha-SMA were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and those of cytokeratin were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.01) in renal tissue of the M group. While in the I group, all the above-mentioned abnormalities were restored to some extent (P < 0.05) and showed significant difference (all P < 0.05) as compared with those in the M group.

CONCLUSIONHS can downregulate TGF-beta1 and Snail expressions in renal tissue, antagonize TEMT and renal interstitial fibrosis, and improve renal function in CAAN rats.

Actins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aristolochic Acids ; toxicity ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; Chronic Disease ; Cordyceps ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Kidney Tubules ; pathology ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Snail Family Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

Acute Kidney Injury ; classification ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney ; injuries ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of different pressure oxygen pre-breathing in preventing decompression sickness of rats.

METHODSForty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: decompression sickness (DCS) group and three oxygen pre-breathing groups with 1 ATA, 2 ATA and 3 ATA pressure respectively. The rats of DCS group were placed in the hyperbaric chamber and the chamber was compressed evenly within 3 minutes to depths of 7 absolute atmosphere(ATA) and held at the designated depth for 60 min, then decompressed (3 min) at constant speed to the surface pressure. After that, the rats were taken out for further detection. While the rats of oxygen pretreatment groups pre-breathed different pressure oxygen for 20 min before entering into chamber. The mortality and behavioral of rats were observed with 30 min post decompression. The dry/wet ratio of the lung, protein levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) expression were also tested.

RESULTSCompared with that of the DCS group, the mortality and morbidity of oxygen pre-breathe groups didn't change obviously. But the total BALF protein level and the inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha expression of 1 ATA oxygen pre-breathe group were obviously decreased, while the dry/wet ratio of lung as obviously increased instead (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAlthough preoxygenation can' t obviously change the mortality and mobidity of rats, normal pressure oxygen pre-breathing can mitigate the protein infiltration in BALF and the expression of inflammatory cytokine in lung tissue.

Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Decompression Sickness ; Diving ; Lung ; pathology ; Oxygen ; physiology ; Pressure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether aristolochic acid can be transported into human kidney proximal tubular cell (HKC) and its potential mechanism.

METHODSIntracellular aristolochic acid was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) induced by aristolochic acid in the presence of organic anion transporter inhibitor (probenecid) or organic cation transporter inhibitor (tetraethylammonium) was evaluated. The effects of probenecid on aristolochic acid induced connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA and protein expression were also examined by real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively.

RESULTSAristolochic acid was detected in the suspension of the denatured HKC after incubation with aristolochic acid sodium salt. The release of LDH from HKC, which was induced by 60 mg/L aristolochic acid sodium salt, was significantly inhibited by 1 mmol/L probenecid (P < 0.01), but not by 1 mmol/L tetraethylammonium. The increased CTGF mRNA and protein expression in HKC stimulated by 40 mg/L aristolochic acid sodium salt was significantly down-regulated by 1 mmol/L probenecid (P < 0.05), with an inhibition rate of 16% and 21%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONAristolochic acid can be transported into HKC by organic anion transport system, and then exerts its biological effects.

Aristolochic Acids ; metabolism ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiology ; Organic Anion Transporters ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo establish a new rat model of chronic cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity and explore its features.

METHODSTotally 24 male SD rats were equally randomized divided into 3 groups: sham-adrenalectomized (sham-ADX) group, ADX group and ADX plus cyclosporine A (CsA) group. Rats in ADX and CsA group first underwent adrenalectomy, followed by the administration of placebo or dexamethasone, respectively. Rats in sham-ADX group received sham adrenalectomy and distilled water as control. Six weeks later, all rats were sacrificed and the following indicators were evaluated: urine protein excretion, creatinine clearance, aldosterone level in serum and urine, aldosterone level and its synthase CYP11B2 gene expression in kidney, serum natrium and potassium, urine natrium and potassium excretion, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by masson trichrome stain.

RESULTSIn ADX and CsA group, serum and urine aldosterone were undetectable on the second post-operative day, with other observations including natriuresis, hyponatremia, decreased urine potassium excretion, and hyperpotassemia, suggesting that adrenals were removed intact and the adrenalectomy was successful. Rats in CsA group showed increased urine protein, decreased creatinine clearance and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, suggesting that a model of chronic CsA nephrotoxicity was successfully established. At the endpoint, serum potassium, serum aldosterone, urine potassium and urine aldosterone excretion partially retrieved. Natrium in serum and urine was not significant different between ADX group/CsA group and sham-ADX group. Local renal aldosterone and its gene expression were remarkably upregulated.

CONCLUSIONSWe successfully established a new rat model of chronic CsA nephrotoxicity by adrenalectomy without low sodium diet. After adrenalectomy, local renal aldosterone in kidney may compensate for circulatory aldosterone deficit to maintain electrolyte balance.

Acute Kidney Injury ; chemically induced ; Adrenalectomy ; Aldosterone ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cyclosporine ; toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; toxicity ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the safety,effectiveness and prognosis of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) combined with synchronous transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) to treat of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) with liver metastases (LMs).Methods This retrospective study included 19 cases of GEP-NENs with LMs patients who received percutaneous MWA combined with synchronous TACE treatment from 2013 to 2016.The mRECIST standard was selected to assess the curative effect.SPSS 21.0 software was applied in the statistical analysis of overall survival (OS),progression-free survival (PFS) and factors related to prognosis.Results All patients were capable of curative effect evaluation,including 1 case of complete remission (CR),3 cases of partial remission (PR),7 cases of progressive disease (PD) and 8 cases of stable disease (SD) respectively accounting for 5 ％,16 ％,37 ％,42 ％,which exhibited 21％ of response rate (RR) and 63％ disease control rate (DCR).In the present study,the median OS and median PFS was respectively 25 months and 34 months,and the one-year survival and three-year survival was respectively 95％ and 84％.Serum CA199,the WHO classification of LMs and the tumor burden of LMs were the major risk factors of prognosis through single factor analysis of survival,which showed that G3 of the WHO classification of LMs predicted a poor OS (P＜0.05) and tumor burden of LMs was negatively related to PFS (P＜0.05).It was obviously observed that serum CgA was decreased by the therapy of percutaneous MWA with synchronous TACEfor GEP-NENs (P＜0.05).Conclusions Percutaneous MWA combined with synchronous TACE is a safe and effective method to treat GEP-NENs with LMs.