Objective To evaluate the value of using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)technique for the detection of chromosome aberration of urine exfoliated cells for the diagnosis of bladder tumor.MethodsFISH technique were used to detect the abnormalities of chromosome 3,7,17 and 9p16 site from 20 normal people, and to establish the threshold.The morning's first urinations were available from 75 patients with bladder cancer and 25 patients without urothelial tumor, then were detected using FISH technique and urine cytology respectively.The sample was considered positive if two or more probes results higher than the criteria,or one probe has two or more abnormal results.Results The sensitivity of single using were 73.3％ (55/75),76.0％ (57/75),62.7％ (47/75) and 62.7％ (47/75) for the 4 probes (3,7, 17 and 9p16)respectively.The sensitivity of combined detection was 85.3％ (64/75) and specificity was 96.0％ (24/25) The sensitivity and specificity of urine cytology examination was 9.3％ (7/75) and 100％ (25/25) .The sensitivity of FISH examination was significantly higher than that of urine cytology examination (85.3％ vs 9.3％ ,x2 = 57.00, P ＜ 0.001) .Sensitivity of FISH examination was not correlated with cancer pathologic grading(low vs high : 84.2％ vs 86.5％, x2 = 0.08, P ＞ 0.05)and clinical stage (ta-tl : 82.9％, t2-t4 :87.5％, x2 = 0.32 ,P ＞ 0.05) .ConclusionFISH technique is a non-invasive and effective method for the early diagnosis of bladder tumor and is more sensitive than urine cytology.Furthermore, FISH technique can be used to predict the tumor's biological behavivor and prognosis.

Objective: To study the interaction between the calcium channel antagonist nimodipine and growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and platelet-derived growth factor[PDGF]) during the formation of new retinal vessels. Methods: The hyperoxia model was induced by proliferative retinopathy (OIR) in newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats (2 d after birth) were randomized into 5 groups: normal control group, pure OIR group and group 3, 4 and 5, where the animals received retrobulbar injection of nimodipine 10 ?l, 5 ?l and 2 ?l once every 2 d for 3 times, respectively. Both eyeballs of newborn rats were made into common pathological sections and detected by immunohistochemistry method to count the nuclei of proliferative retinal vessel cells and to investigate the expression of VEGF and PDGF in retina. Results: The nuclei of proliferative retinal vessel cells and the expressions of VEGF and PDGF in pure OIR group increased significantly compared to those of normal control group(P

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the sea cucumber Holothuria impatiens collected from the South China Sea.Methods The pure compounds were isolated by extraction,partition and multi-chromatography.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.Results Three triterpene glycosides were isolated and identified as holothurin A1(Ⅰ),holothurin A(Ⅱ) and pervicoside C(Ⅲ),together with a physiological substance of adenosine(Ⅳ).Conclusion All were isolated from Holothuria impatiens for the first time.Three glycosides showed significant cytotoxic activities.

Objective To establish a method for the content determination of ferulic acid in Bogu Pill(BP). Methods Ferulic acid was obtained by ultrasonic extraction at room temperature and detected by HPLC. HPLC was performed with ODS chromatographic column, methanol-acetonitrile-1%acetic acid(15: 15: 70) as mobile phase and detection wavelength at 323 nm. Results The linearity of ferulic acid was in the range of 0.56 ?g～11.20 ?g/mL(r=0.9996), and the average recovery was 100.26%, RSD=1.48%. Conclusion This method was efficient and can be used for the quality control of BP.

In this paper, a review and prospect to the progress in the studies on the chemical structures, pharmacological activities, methods of isolation and structural elucidation of as-terosaponins from starfish were reported.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; pathology ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fetal Diseases ; pathology ; Fetus ; Heart Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; pathology

Objective To investigate the early clinical effects of percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of age-related osteo-porotic vertebral compression fractures .Methods Retrospected 54 cases with osteoporotic verebral compression fractures were treated with PKP ,summarized early clinical effects and complications .analysis of preoperative and postoperative wound vertebral height average recovery rate ,Cobb Angle ,VAS scores and ADL scores .Results Operations in all the 54 cases were completed smoothly ,47 cases for 6 to 24 months follow-up(mean 13 .5 months) .postoperative pain in 31patients obtained remission immedi-ately ,1 week after operation ,12 cases with lower back pain and need the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications ,the symptoms remissed significantly or disappeared after 8 weeks postoperatively .At the last follow-up ,4 patients still had low back pain and need oral analgesics .Preoperative and postoperative wound vertebral height average recovery rate ,Cobb Angle ,VAS scores and ADL scores was statistically significant .Conclusion PKP is a minimally invasive ,effective and safe procedure that provides pain relief and stabilization of spinal stability and activities under the bed early ,and improves quality of life at the same time .Grasping the indi-cations Strictly and holding the surgical skills can be obtained clinical results efficiently and safely .

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of δ-opioid receptor activation in serumdeprivation induced apoptosis of human liver cells and the proposed protein kinase C(PKC)pathway mechanism.Methods MTT assay was used to detect the survival rate of human liver cells in vitro and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate.Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle,RT PCR used to analyze the PKC mRNA and Western Blot analysis was used for detecting the protein expression of PKC and Caspase-3.Results After serum-deprivation for 48h of cultured human liver cells in vitro,significant liver cell apoptosis occurred.The apoptosis was suppressed by δ-opioid receptor activation,which manifested as a slower rate of apoptosis,decreased expression of Caspase-3and increased expression of PKC.After GF109203X was added,the inhibitory effects of DADLE decreased markedly.Conclusion Activation of δ-opioid receptor on the membrane of human liver cells has inhibitory effects on serum-deprivation induced apoptosis of liver cells.The underlying mechanism may be associated with PKC pathway activation.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of ERK1/2 in the expression of the type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI-1) induced by parathonnone (PTH) in human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 cells.MethodsVarious concentrentions of PTH and manifold durations were applied in the test.The expression of PAI-1 mRNA and protein in HK-2 cells was measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Besides,ERK1/2 protein was detected by Western blotting before the ERK1/2 inhibitor incubated with the HK-2 cells or after.Results The expression of PAI-1mRNA and protein was gradually up-regulatad along with the increasing concentrations of PTH(10-12-10-10 mol/L).The maximum level of PAI-1 mRNA and protein was detected in 10-10 mol/L PTH and was 4.01 and 3.81 times of control group.Otherwise,the decreased expression of PAI-1 was found while the concentrations of PTH were beyond 10-10 mol/L.The levels of PAI-1 mRNA and protein were increased in pace withtime from 12 to 72 hour,in time-dependent manner,which was 4.06 (12 h) and 4.03 (72 h) times of 0 hour group.The levels of ERK1/2 and PAI-1 were ascended after 10-10 mol/L PTH incubated with the HK-2 cells (all P＜0.01).Howerver,both of them decended after cells were pretreated by the ERK1/2 inhibitor (all P＜0.01),but were still higher than those of control group(all P＜0.05).ConclusionERK1/2 kinase system partly participates in the regulation of PAI-1 induced by PTH in HK-2 cells.

Objective To investigate the potential role of IC0s-Ig and CsA in inducing transplantation tolerance and the mechanisms thereof. Methods ICOS-Ig was a fusion protein of human ICOS extracellular region and IgG Fc fragment.Cardiac allograft from BALB/c mouse was transplanted to C57BL/6 mouse Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups:(1) un-treated group;(2)IgG-treated group,250g,i.p.day 2,4,6;(3)ICOS Ig-treated group,250g,i.P.day 2,4,6;(4) CsA-treated group,10 mg/kg,i.p.day 0-6;(5)ICOS-Ig+CsA-treated group.The survival time and pathological changes of the cardiac allografts were monitored.The mixed lymphoeyte reaction (MLR) and the alloantibody level of the recipients were also detected.Results The median survival time (MST) of the cardiac allografts was (8.5±1.5) days in un-treated group,(8.0±0.8) days in IgG-treated group,(29.5±7.7) days in ICOS-Ig-treated group,and(21.0±5.0) days in CsA-treated group.respectively.In ICOS-Ig + CsA-treated group,the MST was prolonged to longer than 100 days,which was significantly longer than other four groups(P<0.01).Allogeneic hearts from ICOS-Ig and/or CsA immunized recipients revealeel milder histological changes than control groups(P<0.05).Mechanical ahalysis revealed that splenic T cells from recipients also exhibited depressed MLR activities.The alloantibody level in ICOS-Ig-treated group and/or CsA-treated group was lower than in control groups(P<0.05),suggesting ICOS-Ig not only inhibited cell immunity,but also depressed humoral response.Conclusion ICOS-Ig combined with CsA leads to a long-term survival of mouse cardiac allografts.The induced tolerance is donor-specific and the mechanisms may be associated with T cell anergy.