Objective To evaluate the value of using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)technique for the detection of chromosome aberration of urine exfoliated cells for the diagnosis of bladder tumor.MethodsFISH technique were used to detect the abnormalities of chromosome 3,7,17 and 9p16 site from 20 normal people, and to establish the threshold.The morning's first urinations were available from 75 patients with bladder cancer and 25 patients without urothelial tumor, then were detected using FISH technique and urine cytology respectively.The sample was considered positive if two or more probes results higher than the criteria,or one probe has two or more abnormal results.Results The sensitivity of single using were 73.3％ (55/75),76.0％ (57/75),62.7％ (47/75) and 62.7％ (47/75) for the 4 probes (3,7, 17 and 9p16)respectively.The sensitivity of combined detection was 85.3％ (64/75) and specificity was 96.0％ (24/25) The sensitivity and specificity of urine cytology examination was 9.3％ (7/75) and 100％ (25/25) .The sensitivity of FISH examination was significantly higher than that of urine cytology examination (85.3％ vs 9.3％ ,x2 = 57.00, P ＜ 0.001) .Sensitivity of FISH examination was not correlated with cancer pathologic grading(low vs high : 84.2％ vs 86.5％, x2 = 0.08, P ＞ 0.05)and clinical stage (ta-tl : 82.9％, t2-t4 :87.5％, x2 = 0.32 ,P ＞ 0.05) .ConclusionFISH technique is a non-invasive and effective method for the early diagnosis of bladder tumor and is more sensitive than urine cytology.Furthermore, FISH technique can be used to predict the tumor's biological behavivor and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the sea cucumber Holothuria impatiens collected from the South China Sea.Methods The pure compounds were isolated by extraction,partition and multi-chromatography.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.Results Three triterpene glycosides were isolated and identified as holothurin A1(Ⅰ),holothurin A(Ⅱ) and pervicoside C(Ⅲ),together with a physiological substance of adenosine(Ⅳ).Conclusion All were isolated from Holothuria impatiens for the first time.Three glycosides showed significant cytotoxic activities.

In this paper, a review and prospect to the progress in the studies on the chemical structures, pharmacological activities, methods of isolation and structural elucidation of as-terosaponins from starfish were reported.

Objective To establish a method for the content determination of ferulic acid in Bogu Pill(BP). Methods Ferulic acid was obtained by ultrasonic extraction at room temperature and detected by HPLC. HPLC was performed with ODS chromatographic column, methanol-acetonitrile-1%acetic acid(15: 15: 70) as mobile phase and detection wavelength at 323 nm. Results The linearity of ferulic acid was in the range of 0.56 ?g～11.20 ?g/mL(r=0.9996), and the average recovery was 100.26%, RSD=1.48%. Conclusion This method was efficient and can be used for the quality control of BP.

Objective: To study the interaction between the calcium channel antagonist nimodipine and growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and platelet-derived growth factor[PDGF]) during the formation of new retinal vessels. Methods: The hyperoxia model was induced by proliferative retinopathy (OIR) in newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. SD rats (2 d after birth) were randomized into 5 groups: normal control group, pure OIR group and group 3, 4 and 5, where the animals received retrobulbar injection of nimodipine 10 ?l, 5 ?l and 2 ?l once every 2 d for 3 times, respectively. Both eyeballs of newborn rats were made into common pathological sections and detected by immunohistochemistry method to count the nuclei of proliferative retinal vessel cells and to investigate the expression of VEGF and PDGF in retina. Results: The nuclei of proliferative retinal vessel cells and the expressions of VEGF and PDGF in pure OIR group increased significantly compared to those of normal control group(P

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; pathology ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fetal Diseases ; pathology ; Fetus ; Heart Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; pathology

Objective To investigate the early clinical effects of percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of age-related osteo-porotic vertebral compression fractures .Methods Retrospected 54 cases with osteoporotic verebral compression fractures were treated with PKP ,summarized early clinical effects and complications .analysis of preoperative and postoperative wound vertebral height average recovery rate ,Cobb Angle ,VAS scores and ADL scores .Results Operations in all the 54 cases were completed smoothly ,47 cases for 6 to 24 months follow-up(mean 13 .5 months) .postoperative pain in 31patients obtained remission immedi-ately ,1 week after operation ,12 cases with lower back pain and need the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications ,the symptoms remissed significantly or disappeared after 8 weeks postoperatively .At the last follow-up ,4 patients still had low back pain and need oral analgesics .Preoperative and postoperative wound vertebral height average recovery rate ,Cobb Angle ,VAS scores and ADL scores was statistically significant .Conclusion PKP is a minimally invasive ,effective and safe procedure that provides pain relief and stabilization of spinal stability and activities under the bed early ,and improves quality of life at the same time .Grasping the indi-cations Strictly and holding the surgical skills can be obtained clinical results efficiently and safely .

Objective To investigate the clinical value of velocity vector imaging (VVI) in the assessment of cardiac torsion in fetuses with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods Digital dynamic four-chamber views of 98 fetuses with gestational diabetes mellitus and 135 normal fetuses were collected and analyzed using VVI.Left ventricular(LV) peak apical rotation of endocardium and epicardium at basal and apical level were measured,LV peak torsion was calculated.Results 140 of 233 cases were analyzed successfully.Direction of LV peak apical and basal rotation of endocardium and epicardium in fetus could be clockwise or counter clockwise,however apical and basal level was opposite.LV peak apical and basal rotation of endocardium and epicardium in fetus were stable throughout gestation ( P ＞ 0.05).LV peak rotation of endocardium was higher than that of epicardium in both apical and basal level.The peak rotation　in apical level of endocardium and epicardium was higher than that in basal level( P ＜0.05).LV peak　torsion of endocardium was significantly higher than that of epicardium( P ＜0.05).Compared with normal　group,LV peak rotation of endocardium and LV peak torsion in fetus with GDM were higher( P ＜0.05).　Conclusions VVI can measure the LV rotation and torsion parameters,and evaluate the cardiac function of　GDM fetus.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of ERK1/2 in the expression of the type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI-1) induced by parathonnone (PTH) in human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 cells.MethodsVarious concentrentions of PTH and manifold durations were applied in the test.The expression of PAI-1 mRNA and protein in HK-2 cells was measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Besides,ERK1/2 protein was detected by Western blotting before the ERK1/2 inhibitor incubated with the HK-2 cells or after.Results The expression of PAI-1mRNA and protein was gradually up-regulatad along with the increasing concentrations of PTH(10-12-10-10 mol/L).The maximum level of PAI-1 mRNA and protein was detected in 10-10 mol/L PTH and was 4.01 and 3.81 times of control group.Otherwise,the decreased expression of PAI-1 was found while the concentrations of PTH were beyond 10-10 mol/L.The levels of PAI-1 mRNA and protein were increased in pace withtime from 12 to 72 hour,in time-dependent manner,which was 4.06 (12 h) and 4.03 (72 h) times of 0 hour group.The levels of ERK1/2 and PAI-1 were ascended after 10-10 mol/L PTH incubated with the HK-2 cells (all P＜0.01).Howerver,both of them decended after cells were pretreated by the ERK1/2 inhibitor (all P＜0.01),but were still higher than those of control group(all P＜0.05).ConclusionERK1/2 kinase system partly participates in the regulation of PAI-1 induced by PTH in HK-2 cells.

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of δ-opioid receptor activation in serumdeprivation induced apoptosis of human liver cells and the proposed protein kinase C(PKC)pathway mechanism.Methods MTT assay was used to detect the survival rate of human liver cells in vitro and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate.Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle,RT PCR used to analyze the PKC mRNA and Western Blot analysis was used for detecting the protein expression of PKC and Caspase-3.Results After serum-deprivation for 48h of cultured human liver cells in vitro,significant liver cell apoptosis occurred.The apoptosis was suppressed by δ-opioid receptor activation,which manifested as a slower rate of apoptosis,decreased expression of Caspase-3and increased expression of PKC.After GF109203X was added,the inhibitory effects of DADLE decreased markedly.Conclusion Activation of δ-opioid receptor on the membrane of human liver cells has inhibitory effects on serum-deprivation induced apoptosis of liver cells.The underlying mechanism may be associated with PKC pathway activation.