Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Multilateral mechanisms are important platforms and vehicles for cooperation in traditional medicine.Relying on multilateral platforms,China is able to enhance the international influence of the domestic traditional Chinese medicine and form synergies with other member countries to enhance regional or cross-regional radiation effects in order to promote sustainable development of traditional medicine around the world.This paper focuses on China's participation in major multilateral health cooperation mechanisms,including global initiatives(WHO-led global cooperation framework,the Belt and Road Initiative),regional multilateral mechanisms(ASEAN countries,China-Japan-Korea Health Cooperation Mechanism,Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO),The Greater Mekong Subregion(GMS)),and cross-regional multilateral mechanisms(BRICS,Forum On China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC),G20),and sorts out the cooperation policies and actions in traditional medicine under different mechanisms,to analyze the characteristics and challenges of the existing mechanisms in traditional medicine cooperation,and to provide evidence for China's promotion on multilateral cooperation in traditional medicine.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to explore the frequency of mDC and pDC and expression of surface markers of the neonates and to discuss the effect of different status of HBV infection of mother on biological characteristics of DC.

METHODSUmbilicus cord blood in neonates of HBeAg positive HBV infected mother, HBeAg negative HBV infected mother, and normal mother were collected respectively; peripheral blood of healthy adults were selected as control group. Flow cytometry was employed to detect frequency of the mDC and its expression of CD86, frequency of pDC and its expression of CD80, CD83, CD86, and FlowJo software was used to compare these indicators among the groups.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the frequency of mDC of cord blood (0.29 +/- 0.16 vs 0.81 +/- 0.17), CD86 positive rate of mDC (10.72 +/- 10.01 vs 32.13 +/- 7.46), the frequency of pDC (0.15 +/- 0.07 vs 0.30 +/- 0.07), and CD86/CD83 positive rate of pDC (31.61 +/- 12.81 vs 74.96 +/- 9.78; 42.66 +/- 20.83 vs 82.00 +/- 6.94) were lower (t = -7.86, P = 0.00; t = -5.36, P = 0.00; t = -5.43, P = 0.00; t = -8.49. P = 0.00; t = -4.90, P = 0.00).

CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of mDC and pDC in umbilical cord blood was lower than the peripheral blood of healthy adult, which was the possible mechanism of newborns easier to chronicity after the infection of hepatitis B virus. A significant correlation was found between different status of HBV infection and costimulatory molecule CD86 positive rate of mDC, but not for the frequency of mDC and pDC, and the expression of pDC molecules.

Adult ; B7-2 Antigen ; analysis ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of ryanodine on rapamycin treated endothelial outgrowth cells (EOCs).

METHODSThe mononuclear cells were harvested from umbilical cord blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, then induced into EOCs and expanded in vitro. The endothelial characteristics of EOCs were identified by immunostaining and fluorescent staining. The EOCs were pretreated with or without ryanodine (10 µmol/L) for 1 h, and then treated with or without rapamycin (10 nmol/L) for 24 h. Proliferation was evaluated by CCK8 and migration was measured by Transwell. The protein expression of EOCs was evaluated by immunobloting technique with total eNOS antibody and phospho-eNOS (Thr495) antibody.

RESULTSCompared with control group, the proliferation and migration capacities of EOCs were significantly reduced while the phosphorylation of eNOS (Thr495) protein was significantly upregulated in rapamycin group (P < 0.05), expression of total eNOS was not affected by rapamycin (P > 0.05). Compared with rapamycin group, the proliferation and migration capacities of EOCs were significantly increased and the phosphorylation of eNOS (Thr495) protein was significantly downregulated in ryanodine + rapamycin group (P < 0.05). The proliferation and migration capacities, the phosphorylation of eNOS (Thr495) protein and the expression of total eNOS were not affected by ryanodine alone (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSRapamycin reduced proliferation and migration capacities while upregulated the phosphorylation of eNOS (Thr495) protein of EOCs and these effects could be partly reversed by cotreatment with ryanodine.

Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Drug Synergism ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Ryanodine ; pharmacology ; Sirolimus ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the prevalence of primary teeth caries and oral hygiene status of preschool children in Kunming.Methods 6958 children aged 3-5 years from 30 kindergartens in Kunming were randomly selected for this study.The reserch of caries prevalence rate and soft dirt were investigated.Results The caries prevalence rate and the mean decayed,missing and filled teeth (XDMFT) values in primary teeth were 58.68％and 2.61 respectively.We can see the difference of significant between Dental caries prevalence and mean debris index simplified ( DI - S) scores between age groups, and there was no statistical significance of the same index between sex. There was no correlation between the investigation of dental caries and oral hygiene status. Conclusion The caries prevalence rate in 3-5 year-old children in the downtown area of Kunming city is very high,pointing out that preventive treatment against primary teeth caries should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effects of potassium channel opener nicorandil against cognitive dysfunction in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.

METHODSC57BL/6J mouse models of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) were established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ and received daily treatment with intragastric administration of nicorandil or saline (model group) for 4 consecutive weeks, with normal C57BL/6J mice serving as control. Fasting blood glucose level was recorded every week and Morris water maze was used to evaluate the cognitive behavior of the mice in the 4th week. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed to observe the ultrastructural changes in the hippocampus and pancreas under transmission electron microscopy; the contents of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the hippocampus and SOD activity and MDA level in the brain tissue were determined.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the model group showed significantly increased fasting blood glucose (P<0.001), significantly prolonged escape latency (P<0.05) and increased swimming distance (P<0.01) with ultrastructural damage of pancreatic β cells and in the hippocampus; GIP and GLP-1 contents in the hippocampus (P<0.01) and SOD activity in the brain were significantly decreased (P<0.05) and MDA content was significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, nicorandil treatment did not cause significant changes in fasting blood glucose, but significantly reduced the swimming distance (P<0.05); nicorandil did not improve the ultrastructural changes in pancreatic β cells but obviously improved the ultrastructures of hippocampal neurons and synapses. Nicorandil also significantly increased the contents of GIP and GLP-1 in the hippocampus (P<0.05), enhanced SOD activity (P<0.05) and decreased MDA level (P<0.01) in the brain tissue.

CONCLUSIONNicorandil improves cognitive dysfunction in mice with STZ-induced diabetes by increasing GIP and GLP-1 contents in the hippocampus and promoting antioxidation to relieve hippocampal injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among type 2 diabetic patients aged over 30 in Shanghai central area.

METHODS1039 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) aged over 30 were investigated by randomized cluster sampling in Shanghai central area and data from 767 of those patients were analyzed.

RESULTS(1) Among all of the 1534 digital ocular fundus images from 767 patients, 87.6% of the images from 672 patients were gradable. (2) Among all of the 672 patients with gradable ocular fundus images, the prevalence of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was 21.6%, while proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was 1.3%. The rates of mild, moderate and severe NPDR were 8.8%, 11.2% and 1.6% respectively. (3) DR patients were characterized with elder age, higher HbA1c, urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. DM duration and the level of fasting plasma glucose were risk factors for DR.

CONCLUSIONThe overall prevalence of DR in type 2 diabetic patients aged over 30 in Shanghai central area was 22.9% and the DR risk factors were found to include duration of diabetes and fasting plasma glucose level.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; epidemiology ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of curcumin on nitric oxide (NO) in plasma of atherosclerotic rabbits, activity of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and discuss curcumin's effect against AS and its correlation with ADMA.

METHODThirty-eight male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (eight rabbits fed with standard diets), the model group (ten rabbits fed with high-fat diets), the low dose curcumin group (ten rabbits fed with high-fat diets and 100 mg . kg-1 d -1 ) and the high dose curcumin group (ten rabbits fed with high-fat diets and 200 mg kg-1 d-1 curcumin). At the end of the 12th week, their plasmas were tested for TC, LDL-C, NO, endothelin (ET) , ADMA and activity of aortic cNOS. Aortic tissues were collected for histological examinations.

RESULTThe three groups fed with high-fat diets showed higher plasma ADMA and ET than the control group (P <0. 01) , but with decrease in plasma NO concentration and arterial cNOS activity (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group (P <0. 05) , the curcumin groups showed lower plasma ADMA and ET (P <0. 05), but higher plasma NO concentration and arterial cNOS activity than the model group (P <0. 01). There was no significant difference between the two curcumin groups.

CONCLUSIONCurcumin may play an important protective role in AS process by reducing plasma ADMA level. [Key words] atherosclerosis; asymmetric dimethylarginine; crucumin; nitric oxide; nitric oxide synthase

Animals ; Arginine ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Atherosclerosis ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Curcumin ; therapeutic use ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Rabbits

Aim To investigate the targeting mechanism of miR-23b on PINKl/Parkin pathway in transdifferentiation of NRK-52E cellsinduced by TGF-β1, and to elucidate the intervention mechanism of Qingshen granules drug-containing serum on NRK-52E cell transdifferentiation. Methods Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography ( UPLC ) fingerprinting method was used to analyze Qingshen granules. The NRK-52E transdifferentiation model induced by TGF-β1 was constructed. The NRK-52E cells were divided into simulated no-load control group, miR-23b-5p simulated group, inhibitor no-load control group, and miR-23b-5p inhibitor group, after transfection with siRNA, and the effect of miR-23b-5p on PINK1 expression was ob-served. The NRK-52E cells were then divided into normal group, TGF-(31 group, Qingshen granule group, miR-23 b-mimic group, miR-23 b-mimic group, and miR-23b-mimic + Qingshen granule group. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Pinkl, Parkin, LC3 n, Beclin-1, P62 and a-SMA proteins, and RT- PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-23 b-5p, Pinkl, Parkin, Beclin-1 and a-SMA mRNA in NRK- 52E cells. Dual-Luciferase Reporter gene experiment was used to detect the targeting relationship between miR-23b-5p and PINKL Results UPLC fingerprinting method found 11 active components in Qingshen granules. After overexpression of miR-23b-5p, the expression of PINkl mRNA significantly increased (P < 0. 05). And after silencing of miR-23 b-5 p expression, the expression of PINkl mRNA also significantly decreased (P < 0. 05 ). Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay showed that Rno-miR-23b-5p could significantly down- regulate the luciferase activity of Rno-PINKl-WT (P < 0. 05 ), but could not down-regulate the luciferase activity of mutant Rno-PINKl -mut ( P > 0. 05 ). The experimental results showed that the expressions of miR- 23b-5p, Pinkl, Parkin, Beclin-1, LC3 II and LC3 II/ I ratio in TGF-β1 group were significantly lower than those in normal group, but the expressions of P62 and a-SMA were significantly higher than those in normal group ( P <0.05). The expressions of miR-23 b-5 p, Pinkl, Parkin, Beclin-1, LC3 II and LC3 11/ I ratio in Qingshen granule group and miR-23 b-mimic group were significantly higher than those in TGF-β1 group, and the expressions of P62 and a-SMA were significantly lower than those in TGF-β1 group (P < 0. 05 ). The performance of miR-23 b-mimic + Qingshen granule group was better than that of miR-23 b-mimic group (P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions Qingshen granules can up- regulate the expression of miR-23b-5p in NRK-52E cellsand inhibit the transdifferentiation process of NRK- 52E cells by enhancing the mitochondrial autophagy activity mediated by PINKl/Parkin pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between different growth patterns and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years, and to provide suggestions for the prevention and control of metabolic syndrome in Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS: Data were collected from the research project "Development and Application of Technology and Related Standards for Prevention and Control of Major Diseases among Students" of public health industry in 2012. This project is a cross-sectional study design. A total of 65 347 students from 93 primary and secondary schools in 7 provinces including Guangdong were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method. Given the budget, 25% of the students were randomly selected to collect blood samples. In this study, 10 176 primary and middle school students aged 7 to 17 years with complete physical measurements and blood biochemical indicators were selected as research objects. Chi-square test was used to compare the distribution differences of growth patterns under different demographic characteristics. Birth weight, waist circumference and blood biochemical indexes were expressed in the form of mean ± standard deviation, and the differences among different groups were compared by variance analysis. Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between different growth patterns and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents was 6.56%, 7.18% in boys and 5.97% in girls. The risk of metabolic syndrome was higher in the catch-down growth group than in the normal growth group (OR=1.417, 95%CI: 1.19-1.69), and lower in the catch-up growth group(OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.53-0.82). After adjusting for gender, age and so on, the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in the catch-down growth group was higher than that in the normal growth group (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.02-1.52), but there was no significant difference between the catch-up growth group and the normal growth group (OR=0.79, 95%CI: 0.62-1.01). Stratified analysis showed that the association between different growth patterns and metabolic syndrome was statistically significant in the 7-12 years group, urban population, and Han Chinese student population. CONCLUSION There is a correlation between different growth patterns and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. The risk of developing metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents with catch-down growth is higher than that in the normal growth group, which suggests that attention should be paid to the growth and development of children and adolescents, timely correction of delayed growth and prevention of adverse health outcomes.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Students ; Urban Population ; Asian People ; China/epidemiology* ; Prevalence