Objective To investigate the efficacy of ultrasound?guided iliohypogastric∕ilioinguinal nerve block and transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia after cesarean section. Methods Ninety parturients, aged 20-40 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective cesarean section, were divided into 3 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table:con?trol group (group C), ultrasound?guided iliohypogastric∕ilioinguinal nerve block group (group IH∕II) and ultrasound?guided transversus abdominis plane block group (group TAP). In IH∕II and TAP groups, bilat?eral ultrasound?guided iliohypogastric∕ilioinguinal nerve block and transversus abdominis plane block were performed after surgery, respectively, with 0.5% ropivacaine 1.5 mg∕kg ( the maximal dose 100 mg) plus dexamethasone 5 mg for each side. All the patients received patient?controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine after surgery, and numeric rating scales scores at rest and during movement were maintained<4 within the 48 h after surgery. The cumulative consumption of morphine was recorded at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after surgery. The occurrence of adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus, over?sedation and respiratory depression was observed and recorded in the analgesic period. Results Compared with group C, the cumulative consumption of morphine was significantly decreased at each time point in IH∕II and TAP groups ( P<0.01) . Compared with group IH∕II, no significant change was found in the cumulative consumption of morphine at 6 and 12 h after surgery, and the cumulative consumption of morphine was sig?nificantly increased at 24, 36 and 48 h after surgery in group TAP ( P<0.05) . No nausea, vomiting, pru?
ritus, over?sedation and respiratory depression was found in IH∕II and TAP groups. Conclusion For par?turients, ultrasound?guided iliohypogastric∕ilioinguinal nerve block and transversus abdominis plane block both can provide analgesic efficacy after cesarean section, and the efficacy of the former one is better.

Objective The olecranon is likely to become shorter following the treatment of its comminuted fractures, which will lead to the compromise of the function of elbow joint. So through the cadaver experiment, introduce the method of making different thickness and direction in osteotomy so as to intimate the shape change of the olecranon after the comminuted fractures, and explore its effect on the flexion-extension function of the elbow joint. Methods Through three cadaver(six arms), osteotomy at 25 mm below the olecranon process was made horizontally and fixed with two screws temporarily, furthermore, the bone fragment of 1 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm in length was resected in order, then specimens were divided into two groups: In the first group, osteotomy was made up to 7 mm and 8 mm continually, and the changes of the range of the elbow joint movement were measured; in the second group, the additional wedge osteotomy of 5 mm and 7 mm was performed respectively, then the outcomes between the two groups were compared. Results If the osteotomized bone was within 3 mm, shortening internal fixation was satisfactory for the reconstruction of the elbow joint function. However, in cases of osteotomized bone of 5 mm, the extension function would be limited as the loss of the trochlear notch is too much. In order to keep the normal range motion of the elbow, the dorsal cortex distal to osteotomy should be scarified about 3 mm for the wedge osteotomy. When the shortage attained to 7 mm, the elbow instability would occur, even if advanced wedge osteotomy was accomplished. Conclusion In cases of the comminuted olecranon fractures, if the osteotomy is made within 3 mm, the shortening fixation is appropriate; if it has not exceeded 5 mm, the fracture should be treated with advanced wedge osteotomy tilting back to keep the radian of the trochlea; and if it has reached 7 mm, bone grafting is necessary for recovering of the flexion-extension of the elbow joint.

Objective To introduce a new bilateral triceps brachii approach for the treatment of intercondylar fractures of the humerus, and explore the possibility for the operation without injuring the mechanism of extension of the elbow. Methods With fresh cadaver specimens, the triceps brachii was stripped off from the distal end of the humerus, the muscle belly was elevated and retracted bilaterally, then the height was recorded, and the exposure of the distal humerus was observed, especially to the trochlear region when the elbow were flexed at 15? , 30? , 45? , 60? , 80? respectively. Results Through the cadaver specimen observation and the clinical application, the reduction and fixation of the intercondylar fractures of humerus should be performed when the elbow is flexed at 45?－ 60?， at 15?－ 30? flexion, fracture over the supracondylar can be treated and finally at 80? flexion, the reduction of the trochlear region can be examined. Conclusion This bilateral approach through the triceps brachii is suitable for the treatment both of the intercondylar and epicondylar fractures.

Objective To evaluate the biological compatibility of dental nano-silicon dioxide/high-strength-glass fiber/EAM resin composites(FRC). Methods Experiments of general acute toxicity, cytotoxicity, hemolysis and mucous membrane irritation were performed on the newly developed FRC. Results The newly developed FRC induced no cytotoxicity, hemolysis, acute toxicity or mucous membrane irritation. Conclusion The newly developed FRC has good biocompatibility in vitro and vivo.

Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is correlative with many diseases. Angio tensin II (AngII) plays an important role as the final effective approach for RAS. This article reviews the main approach to the action and biosynthesis of AngII: including AngII receptor blocker (ARB), chymase inhibitor and ACE2 which were disscoverd recently.

The article mainly presents the key problems in class III bio-safety lab,including air-flow distribution,pressure gradient of the room,and the stability of pressure.Scientific methods for solving all the problems are also considered,which offer the theory evidence for the design of negative pressure control system in class III bio-safety lab.Volatile blow control and heat exchanger are recommended to be used in the negative pressure control system in class III bio-safety lab for energy conservation.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of CsA on the expression of NK cell inhibitory receptor ILT4 and cytotoxicity of NK cells.Methods NK cells treated with CsA ( 10 mg/L) or DMSO for 12,24 and 36 h were chosen as three experimental groups and control groups respectively.RTqPCR and flow cytometry were performed to detect the alteration of ILT4 at the mRNA and protein level respectively.The expression of HLA-G in human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 and human placental choriocarcinoma cell line JEG-3 were measured at the same time,and then the cytolytic activity of the untreated NK cells and NK cells treated with CsA for 36 h against BGC-823 and JEG-3 cells was determined with MTT.One-way analysis of variance was employed to compare the different ILT4 expression at different time points after medication; Dunnett test was performed to carry out the pairwise comparison between each mean.The difference of HLA-G expression between JEG-3 cells and BGC-823 cells,and the difference of NK cell cytolytic activity against JEG-3 cells and BGC-823 cells were analyzed by student's t-test.Results RT-qPCR assay indicated that the relative levels of ILT4 mRNA in NK cells treated with CsA for 12,24 and 36 h in turn were 0.99 ± 0.27,1.79 ± 0.29,6.79 ± 0.64,and those of their contrast groups treated with DMSO were 0.86 ±0.11,0.94 ±0.12,1.06 ±0.17.The expression of ILT4 in NK cells treated with CsA for 24 h or 36 h was higher than that in NK cells of their contrast groups respectively ( t value of 4.69,14.99,P ＜0.05,respectively),but there was no significant difference between the two groups of NK cells treated for 12 h ( t =0.78,P ＞0.05 ).Through flow cytometry,the positive rates of ILT4 protein expression in NK cells treated with CsA for 12,24 and 36 h [(5.16 ± 0.42 ) ％,( 6.23 ± 0.48 ) ％,( 23.8 ± 1.5 ) ％]were higher than those in NK cells after treatment with DMSO for 12,24 and 36 h respectively[(3.08 ±0.19)％,(3.35 ±0.12)％,(3.36 ±0.21 )％ ;t value of 7.70,10.06,20.72,P＜0.01,respectively].The expression of ILT4 in NK cells treated for 36 h was much higher than that in NK cells for 12 and 24 h at the mRNA and protein level (t value of 16.38,14.12 ;21.81,20.56,P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Meanwhile the killing rates of NK cells treated with 10∶1 effector-target ratio CsA on BGC-823 cells (low HLA-G expression) were ( 8 1.96 ± 2.80 ) ％ ( before treatment) and ( 60.23 ± 1.57 ) ％ ( after treatment),which were higher than those on JEG-3 cells (HLA-G-overexpression) [(53.46 ±2.21 )％ ( before treatment),(28.30 ± 1.85 ) ％ ( after treatment)].The changes of cytotoxicity of NK cells treated with CsA against target cells showed that CsA inhibited the killing activity of NK cells to BGC-823 and JEG-3 cells (t value of 11.74,15.16,P＜0.01,respectively),and the inhibitory rates were (26.48 ±2.42)％ and (47.10 ±1.59 ) ％ respectively.CsA had a higher killing rate inhibition on JEG-3 than on BGC-823 ( t =12.31,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion CsA induces upregulation of ILT4 in NK cells,and the cytotoxicity of NK cells to tumor cells can be affected by interaction of ILT4 and HLA-G.

Objective To explore the effects of hepatocyte growth-promoting factor(pHGF) on renal function and cell apoptosis in kidney of rats with renal ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups:sham-operated control group(groupⅠ),renal ischemia reperfusion control group(groupⅡ),one experimental group injecting pHGF(50 mg/kg,intraabdominal injection) before renal IRI(group Ⅲ),and another experimental group injecting pHGF(50 mg/kg,intraabdominal injection) after renal IRI(group Ⅳ).The animals with renal IRI exposed to 45 min bilateral renal pedicle clamping.All ischemia reperfusion rats in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were intraabdomially injected equal volume of physiological saline(0.8 mL) at the time when the rats in experimental groups were administered 50 mg/kg pHGF.Twelve hours after IRI,samples for serum and the left renal tissue of each animal were taken.The serum sample was used to detect expression of serum creatinine(Scr),and the renal tissue sample for evaluation of apoptosis.Results Compared with the level of Scr in groupⅠ(22.775?6.508) ?mol/L,Scr was markedly higher in groupⅡ(120.850?22.237) ?mol/L(P0.05).Conclusions The laboratory investigation suggests that pHGF might be an effective pharmacological agent against renal IRI according to the findings of the evaluated parameters,and protective effect by pHGF against renal IRI might involved in the mechanisms decreasing tubular cells apoptosis.It is likely that pHGF is a potential therapentic agent in clinical renal IRI circumstances.

BACKGROUND:Coenzyme Q10 participates in the electron transport of respiratory chain and possesses antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. It has achieved good outcomes in cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Coenzyme Q10 may also have a certain application value in the fields of diabetes and periodontitis. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of coenzyme Q10 on the expression of interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 in gingival tissue of type 2 diabetic rats with periodontitis.METHODS:Forty-eight healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, periodontitis+ diabetes+physiological saline and periodontitis+diabetes+coenzyme Q10. Rats in the control group were fed with normal diet and water. Rats in the periodontitis+diabetes+physiological saline and periodontitis+diabetes+ coenzyme Q10 groups were subjected to induction of periodontitis using the method of silk ligation and type 2 diabetes by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After successful modeling, rats in the periodontitis+diabetes+coenzyme Q10 group were intragastricaly administered coenzyme Q10 for 8 successive weeks. Rats in the periodontitis+diabetes+physiological saline group were administered equal amount of physiological saline. At the end of 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks after drug administration, four rats were randomly selected and sacrificed. The expression levels of interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 in gingival tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the end of 8th week, interleukin-17- and interleukin-23-positive expression in the periodontitis+diabetes+physiological saline group was significantly higher than that in the periodontitis+ diabetes+coenzyme Q10 group (P < 0.05). Coenzyme Q10 can reduce the expression levels of interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 in gingival tissue of type 2 diabetic rats with periodontitis, and aleviate periodontal tissue inflammation of type 2 diabetic rats with periodontitis.

Objective To observe the effect of midazolam plus propofol administered for colonoscopy on cognitive function in middle-aged and aged patients. Methods One hundred and thirty six patients, ASA I and II, aged 40~75 years and undergoing colonoscopy were randomized to propofol group (group P, n=68) and propofol plus midazolam group (group PM, n=68). Baseline cognitive function was measured using Mini mental state exami-nation (MMSE) before anesthesia and the cognitive testing was repeated 10 minutes after emerging from anesthesia. BP, HR, SpO2, analgesic effect and sedative drug doses in both groups were recorded. Procedure time, recovery time and Rasmay sedation score were both recorded. Results Recovery time was significantly longer in group PM than that in group P (P<0.05). The total dose of propofol was significantly smaller in group PM than that in group P (P<0.05). MMSE score of both groups decreased, but the incidence of cognitive decline and the level of cognition in group PM were more notable than those of group P (P<0.05). Conclusions Midazolam plus propofol and propo-fol alone administered for colonoscopy could both increase the incidence of cognitive decline, and the effect of the former is more notable, but midazolam added to propofol could reduce the dosage of propofol.