Objective To observe the effect of midazolam plus propofol administered for colonoscopy on cognitive function in middle-aged and aged patients. Methods One hundred and thirty six patients, ASA I and II, aged 40~75 years and undergoing colonoscopy were randomized to propofol group (group P, n=68) and propofol plus midazolam group (group PM, n=68). Baseline cognitive function was measured using Mini mental state exami-nation (MMSE) before anesthesia and the cognitive testing was repeated 10 minutes after emerging from anesthesia. BP, HR, SpO2, analgesic effect and sedative drug doses in both groups were recorded. Procedure time, recovery time and Rasmay sedation score were both recorded. Results Recovery time was significantly longer in group PM than that in group P (P<0.05). The total dose of propofol was significantly smaller in group PM than that in group P (P<0.05). MMSE score of both groups decreased, but the incidence of cognitive decline and the level of cognition in group PM were more notable than those of group P (P<0.05). Conclusions Midazolam plus propofol and propo-fol alone administered for colonoscopy could both increase the incidence of cognitive decline, and the effect of the former is more notable, but midazolam added to propofol could reduce the dosage of propofol.

The DNA structures could be altered or even damaged by exogeous or endogenous factors during cell proliferation. Failure of effective and timely repair will lead to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. By taking the advantage of the quick proliferation of cancer cells, DNA damage induction, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis promotion have become important strategies for ant-cancer chemotherapy. Previous reports showed that an array of natural compounds inhibit cancer cell proliferation by inducing DNA damage, which have therapeutic potentials for anti-cancer drug research and development.
Animals ; Biological Products ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; DNA Damage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Objective Discussed the efficacy of applying standardized patient in clinical surgical practice teaching.Method Twenty eight-year-medical students in our college were enrolled and students' theoretical knowledge mastering ability,students' evaluation on the teaching and students'clinical ability were surveyed.Result Students' score significantly increased compared to last year scores (P ＜0.01).100％ of the participants found the SP teaching methods can increase the interest in learning; 90％ of students found the SP as a guide to better grasp the teaching content; 95％ of students found the SP teaching methods can improve the ability to communicate with patients.Conclusions The class atmosphere was improved,students' enthusiasm was activated,students' clinical ability was promoted and satisfactory teaching effect was obtained after applying standardized patient.

Objective To construct the lentivirus vector containing the hsa‐miR‐424 gene ,and identify the expression level of miR‐424 in cells .Research the influence of hsa‐miR‐424 on proliferation of cervical cancer Hela cell line .Methods Using the human genomic DNA as template to design the upper and lower primers for synthesis of miR‐424 ,and amplifying the target fragment by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) .Recover the products and conduct sequencing after connecting it into the pMD18T vector .Ampli‐fy the product by PCR template as pMD18T‐miR424 ,and insert the fragment expressing pMD18T‐miR424 into the vector of pLen‐tis‐CMV‐GFP‐MCS‐PGK‐PURO after enzyme cutting to construct the pLentis‐CMV‐GFP‐miR424‐PGK‐PURO .Package the com‐pound with pMD2 .G and pSPAX2 in 293T cell to produce the lentivirus ,and using the supernatant containing lentivirus to infect the Hela cell line .Results The sequencing result proved the sequence of miR‐424 in plasmid vector was correct ,which proved the construction of lentivirus was successful and the target lentivirus was obtained .The expression of miR‐424 almost rise 60 times af‐ter infected the cervical cancer Hela cell by the carrier .The result of M TT method suggested :the cervical cancer Hela cell lines have slowed proliferation with infection miR‐424 lentivirus .Conclusion The miR‐424 lentivirus vector was constructed successfully and the high efficacy expression miR‐424 cell line was established and stable .The cervical cancer Hela cell were infected with the super‐natant containing lentivirus ,inhibited the proliferation of Hela cell successfully ,and laid a good foundation for subsequent research .

Objective To study the discrepancy influence of the sulbactam content on susceptibility testing results of cefoperazone/sulbactam combination disks.Methods Agar dilution method was used to determine MICs of cefoperazone,cefoperazone/sulbactam(2:1 and 1:1),and disk diffusion was used to detect the zone diameters of cefoperazone,cefoperazone/sulbactam(75/30 and 75/75μg/disk)disks against 534 clinical gram-negative isolates.The discrepancy within the results of MICs,zore diameters,the method of agar dilution and disk diffusion was analyzed.Results By standard agar dilution method,MIC_(50) of cefoperazone,cefoperazone/sulbactam(2:1 and 1:1)were 32,16,16μg/ml,and MIC_(90) of those were ≥256.128,64 μg/ml respectively.No statistic discrepancy was found for MICs between the ratios of 2:1 and 1:1 combination by Wilcoxon ranks test(Z=-0.248,P=0.804).Susceptibility rate,resistance rate,and intermediate rate with 75/30μg disk were 55.3%,24.5%and 20.2%respectively,which were similar to those determined by agar dilution method.Susceptibility rate,resistance rate,and intermediate rate(I%)with 75/75μg disk were 72.5%,12.4% and 15.1% respectively,compared with the susceptibility rate from 75/30μg disk was 17.2% higher.Statistic discrepancy were tested by paired t-test (t=21.613,P＜0.01)with two groups of whole strains' zone diameters from 75/30μg and 75/75μg disks,and resulting in the difference of susceptibility or resistance rates for ESBL-producing strains,Acinetobacter bauamnnii and Enterobacteriaceae without ESBL tested isolates.On the contrary,for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and ESBL negative isolates,the zone diameters discrepancy was not statistically significant between the results from 75/30μg and 75/75μg disks.Conclusions There is no statistic discrepancy between the susceptibility results from cefoperazone/sulbactam(2:1 or 1:1 ratios)in dilution method and in diffusion method with 75/30μg disk.When the 75/75μg disk is used to be tested for ESBL-producing strains,Acinetobacter bauamnnii and other Enterobacteriaceae,the results should be shown with sulbactam content.

The largest microbial community of the human microbiome is located in the digestive tract and performs vital functions. The changes in the composition and function of intestinal microflora can influence the occurrence, development and prognosis of intestinal diseases. Diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome( IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases( IBD) are common intestinal diseases, and the relationship between them and intestinal microflora has at-tracted more and more attention.

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tissue Donors

AIMTo investigate the effects of pumpkin polysaccharides on blood glucose and lipids levels in diabetic rats.

METHODSDiabetic rats induced by alloxan through intraperitoneal injection were randomly divided into three groups, diabetes, xiaoke pill and pumpkin polysaccharides group, according to weight and blood glucose level. And the normal control group was founded at the same time. The normal control group and diabetes group were lavaged with distilled water, other two groups were respectively lavaged with xiaoke pill or pumpkin polysaccharides. Weighed once a week, and analyzed fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and free fatty acid level in serum after 4 weeks.

RESULTSIn diabetes group, weight and high density lipoprotein level decreased, and fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, and free fatty acid level in serum increased significantly. But, all of the indexes changed oppositely in xiaoke pill group and pumpkin polysaccharides group, and effects of pumpkin polysaccharides were better.

CONCLUSIONPumpkin polysaccharides can increase the weight, decrease the blood glucose and lipids levels in diabetic rats, and have some good effects to diabetes and diabetes complications.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cucurbita ; chemistry ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; blood ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the relationship between intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced injury in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Methods The levels of [Ca2+]1 and ROS were measured in different exposed times(0,3,6,12,18,24 h) respectively after SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 40 mg/L NaF in vitro, and the optimal expose time was selected. Furthermore, the changes of [Ca2+]1, ROS and LDH levels in 40 mg/L NaF-treated groups incubated with 38.23 mg/L BAPTA-AM or 380.40 mg/L ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or 16.32 mg/L N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) also observed at the optimal expose time(12 h), respectively. Results At 3,6,12,18 and 24 h, [Ca2+]1 level(5620.0±226.3,4775.5±85.6,3312.3±87.5, 3047.0±75.0,2717.0±66.5) was significantly increased, and so was the ROS level(4449.53±324.61,7463.07±117.43,20 227.33±178.04,8817.56±200.13, 7975.61±92.90) except at 3 h, compared with 0 h(2115.0±24.0,4098.01±21.22, all P<0.05). The levels of [Ca2+]1 and ROS reached the peak at 3 h and 12 h, respectively. [Ca2+]1 and LDH levels in NaF-treated group [3279.5±94.0, (1057.50±64.35)U/L], NaF+NAC treated group[ 3583.0±350.7, (561.02±85.50)U/L], NaF+EGTA treated groups[3701.5±157.7, (1074.50±86.97)U/L], and BAPTA-AM treated group[2766.5±38.9, (521.43±40.80)U/L] had increased, compared with the control[2022.5±118.1, (186.97±8.73)U/L], the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). ROS levels in NaF-treated group (19 003.04±332.34), and NaF+EGTA treated group(19 170.12±95.46) was higher than that in the controls(4060.98±145.66), the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). NaF and NAC had antagonistic effect on ROS and LDH levels (F=976.11,43.54,P<0.05). And NaF and BAPTA-AM had antagonistic effect on [Ca2+]1, ROS and LDH levels (F=15.65,1515.53,115.00, P<0.05). Conclusions NaF-related calcium is released from the site of intracellular calcium storage, which induces ROS production, both of them caused cytotoxicity and the increase of LDH level in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

Objective To observe the effect of lovastatin on the excitotoxicity induced by NMDA in cortical neurons in rats and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods Cortical neurons prepared from E17 rats were assigned into 4 groups:NMDA group (addition of 100 μmol/L of NMDA for 15 minutes),LOV group (pretreatment of the neurons for 3 days with 500 nmol/L of LOV),LOV+NMDA group (pretreatment of the neurons for 3 days with 500 nmol/L of LOV and addition of 100 μmol/L of NMDA for 15 minutes) and untreated group (addition of isodose solvent).Cell viability was evaluated with the trypan blue dye exclusion test,the morphology and number of neurons were assessed with MAP-2 immunofluorescence staining,and the level of protein was measured with Western blotting assay. Results Trypan blue staining demonstrated that the pretreatment with 500 nmol/L of lovastatin for 3 days significantly protected the neurons against the excitotoxicity induced by NMDA (P＜0.05 vs NMDA).Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the number of MAP-2 positive neurons decreased and the surviving neurons showed a loss of MAP-2 positive dendrites after NMDA treatment (P＜0.05 vs untreated),which were not observed after lovastatin pretreatment (P＜0.05 vs NMDA).Excitotoxicity was mediated in part by the Calpain over-activation and the subsequent protein truncation events on Calpain substrate, CDK5 co-activator P35 to P25 cleavage. Lovastatin pretreatment remarkably suppressed Calpain over-activation and the conversion from P35 to P25 in response to NMDA exposure as detected by Western blotting analysis (P＜0.05 vs NMDA). Conclusions Lovastatin significantly attenuates the excitotoxicity induced by NMDA. The neuroprotection of lovastatin may be mediated by blocking the Calpain and CDK5 over-activation.