Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; methods

Objective To evaluate the damage to the brochial plexus produced by pulsed radiofrequency (PRF)and radiofrequency thermocoagulation(RFTC).Methods Fifty-five male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups:groupⅠPRF(n=25):groupⅡRFTC(n=25)and groupⅢnormal control(n=5).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate.The left brochial plexus was exposed and PRF or RFTC was applied to the left brochial plexus.The voltage and current of the minimal stimulation which elecited muscle twitching and the impedance before and after operation were recorded in group PRF and RFTC.The nerve function was scored according to Tarloo(0=flaccid paresis,5=normal gait)before and at 3d after operation.The animals were killed and the left brachial plexus was removed immediately and at 1, 7,14,30 d after operation(n=5 at each time point)for determination of histopathological changes using microscope.Results The impedance and Tarlov score were significantly decreased after operation as compared to the baseline values before operation in group RFTC and were also significantly lower than in group PRF. Microscopic examination showed that the myelinated nerve fibers exhibited Wallerian degeneration and axon regeneration and the cytochondria in cylindraxile were severely injured or disappeared in group RFTC.The myelinated nerve fibers and the cytochondria in cylindraxile were significantly less injured after operation in group PRF than in group RFTC and returned to normal at 7 d and 30 d respectively.Conclusion The injury to brachial plexus produced by PRF is slighter than that produced by RFTC.

OBJECTIVETo study clinical effects of the over-articular external fixator combined with limited internal fixation for the treatment of Pilon fractures caused by high energy.

METHODSFrom September 2003 to April 2011, 36 patients with Pilon fractures caused by high energy were treated with the over-articular external fixator combined with limited internal fixator. There were 25 males and 11 females, ranging in age from 16 to 72 years old,with an average of 38 years old. The diagnoses of all patients were determined by conventional X-ray examination or three-dimensional spiral CT examination. The AOFAS scoring criteria was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects. The patients with comminuted fractures were treated with screw or Kirschner wire fixation without uncovering periost so as to enhance stability between fracture end and bone blocks,followed by the fixation with over-articular external fixators.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 4 to 27 months, with an average of 13 months. Thirty-two patients got wound healing at the first stage. And the bone union duration ranged from 2 to 6 months, with a mean of 3 months. According to the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot subjective scoring standard, 13 patients got an excellent result, 20 good and 3 fair, with an score of 88.2 +/- 3.6. Twelve patients had infections at pinhole, 5 patients had pinhole pain. One patient had the fixator broken induced by over loading, who was cured after treatment. There were no complications such as nerve or vascular injuries, or osteomyelitis.

CONCLUSIONThe over-articular external fixation combined with limited internal fixation for the treatment of Pilon fractures caused by high energy is an ideal method, which has such advantages as reliable fixation, simple operation, coincidence with principles of biomechanical fixation, and benefit for fracture healing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Ankle Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Purpose To study the clinicopathologic features of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of long bone.Methods HE and immunohistochemistry of EnVision two-step were used to observe the clinical,radiological,histological and immunophenotype features of IMT of bone.The literatures were reviewed.Results 4 cases of IMT of bone were respectively located in the tibia (2 cases) and femur (2 cases).Histologically,the lesions were characterized by collagen-rich and spindled to plump myofibroblast-like cells and a variable admixture of inflammatory cells.Immunohistochemical study showed that the vimentin,SMA,actin,H-caldesmon and CD34 were positive.Conclusion The IMT is a rare and locally aggressive tumor.The diagnosis should combine the histological characters with immunohistochemical results and should be differentiated from the other tumors and tumor-like lesions.

Objective To study the effects of iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism on protein expression of extracellular signal-regulate kinase(ERK1/2) in the cerebellum of rots. Methods Twenty-eight healthy Wistar rots, female, 60 days old, were randomly divided according to their body weight into control group, iodine deficient group and hypothyroidism groups. Hypothyroidism groups in accordance with drinking water containing propylthiouracil(PTU) were divided into doses of 5 mg/L and 15 mg/L groups, 7 rats in each group. Rats after pregnancy, iodine deficient rats were administered with iodine-deficient diet and hypothyroid rats were administered with PTU in drinking water. Pup's cerebellum in each group were weighed on day 14,21,28 and 42. Cerebellum tissue was observed for cerebellar morphology using silver staining and detected for ERK1/2 protein using immunohistochemistry on day 7,14,21,28 and 42. Results On day 14,21,28 and 42, cerebellum weight of pups from iodine-deficient[(0.0945±0.0233), (0.1347±0.0046), (0.1542±0.0094), (0.1949±0.0048)g]were significantly lighter than control[(0.1856±0.0123), (0.2049±0.0098), (0.2268±0.0065), (0.2606±0.0086)g, all P < 0.05]and hypothyroidism groups [for 5 mg/L group: (0.1741±0.0172), (0.1927±0.0103), (0.2181±0.0064), (0.2583±0.0054)g, all P<0.05; for 15 mg/L group: (0.1604±0.0083), (0.1682±0.0103), (0.1996±0.0073) and (0.2579±0.0067)g, all P< 0.05]the difference had statistical significance(F=6.325,8.870, 16.191 and 21.574, all P<0.05). Compared to the controls on day 7, iodine-deficient group didn't have clear layers; on day 21, disappearance of external granule cells from iodine-deficient and 15 mg/L groups was delayed, still two or three layer external granule cells remained; on day 28 and 42, molecular layer from 5, 15 mg/L and iodine-deficient groups and became thinner. Immunohistochemistry showed that on day 7, there was no statistical difference of integrated optical density average of ERK1/2, in all the groups(F=1.102, P>0.05); on day 14,21,28 and 42, integrated optical density average of ERK1/2 in iodine-deficient group[(7.3245±0.5070), (8.3606±1.0683), (9.1217±1.0402), (12.1587±0.7581), all P<0.01]and hypothyroidism groups [for 5 mg/L group: (11.4307±1.5200), (14.919±0.8497), (16.0082±1.1130), (15.7721±0.8293), all P< 0.01; for 15 mg/L group: (7.8538±0.9775), (11.2461±0.8138),(12.78±1.3783), (13.0871±1.1450), all P < 0.01]was significantly lower than those of controls [(16.2831±0.5143), (20.2653±0.9551), (22.7485±1.0267), (22.1725±0.9939), all P < 0.01], the difference having a statistical signifieance(F=16.131,13.543,26.953,41.583, all P<0.01). Conclusions Iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism during critical periods of brain development may change eerebellar morphology and down regulate the protein expression of ERK1/2, which may result in damage of cerebellum development.

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; therapy ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; therapy ; Lymphoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the method of endovascular therapy for complicated aortic dissections.(Methods) The clinical data of 25 patients with complicated aortic dissections were analysed retrospectively.Results The patients′ ages ranged from 31-72 years with a mean of 50.2 years.Among the 25 cases,6 cases had severe ischemia of mesenteric artery,5 cases had renal artery ischemia,4 cases had severe(ischemia) of both legs,3 cases had renal arteries ischemia combined with superior mesenteric artery ischemia,2 had complicated aortic dissection combined with AAA,and in 5 cases the true aortic lumen was totally(compressed) by the false aneurysmal lumen.All patients underwent endovascular therapy,and the instant(technique) was successfully performed in all patients.Endoleak occurred in 3 cases after the stent-graft(deployment),it stopped spontaneously in 2 of them 7 days later,and 1 case with endoleak waiting for(treatment).In the other 22 patients,angiography after the operation showed that all the diseased area were sealed completely,and the viscera arterial blood supply was restored mainly via the true lumen.All the(patients) were cured and discharged.Conclusions In the management of complicated aortic dissections,(endoluminal) technique is simple,less traumatic,safe and has less complications as compared to the traditional operation.Improvement of the endoluminal technique is essential for successful treatment of these complicated cases.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical application of 64-slice spiral computer tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism(PE).Methods:Sixty-two patients suspected of PE were examined by 64-slice spiral CTPA.The image findings combined with their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Twenty-four of the 62 patients were confirmed to have PE by clinical data,laboratory examination and follow-up examination.64-slice spiral CTPA discovered 152 involved branches in the 24 PE patients,including 4 branches in left and right pulmonary trunk,52 in lobar pulmonary arteries,82 in segmental pulmonary arteries,and 14 in subsegmental arteries.Four types of PE were detected in our group,including eccentric filling defect in 58 branches,central filling defect in 49 branches,total occlusion of the pulmonary arteries in 21 branches,and mural embolism of host artery in 24 branches.The diagnosis accuracy of 64-slice spiral CTPA in the present group of patients was 100%,with no missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.Besides,64-slice spiral CTPA could reflect the location,morphology,involvement and degrees of PE.Conclusion:64-slice spiral CTPA is a rapid,accurate and non-invasive diagnostic approach for PE.It is the first choice in clinical screening of PE and may serve as a gold standard for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the genes involved in pulmonary metastasis of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells in nude mice.

METHODSHT1080 cells were injected into the tail vein of BALB/ C nude mice. RNA samples were extracted from pulmonary metastatic tissues and normal control lung tissues, purified using Atlas Pure Total RNA labeling System (Clonetech Laboratories). cDNA probes labeled with 32P were prepared and hybridized to a cDNA membrane constructed with spots of 1176 human cancer related genes and radioactivities on the membrane were measeured by BAS 5000. The mRNA expression of gene FN1 was determined by real time RT-PCR using TaqMan methods. Furthermore, cells with FN1 expression were localized and obtained in situ in pulmonary metastatic foci by laser captured microdissection, and the FN1 expression was quantitated by real time RT-PCR.

RESULTSOf the total 1176 genes, 27 genes (2. 3%) revealed to be apparently up-regulated and 4 genes (0. 3% ) down-regulated. Real time RT-PCR analysis verified significant up-regulation of gene FN1. Laser captured microdissection/ real time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated up-regulated gene FN1 not in stroma cells but in tumor cell nests.

CONCLUSIONGene FN1 expression in fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells may be involved in pulmonary metastasis.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fibronectins ; genetics ; Fibrosarcoma ; genetics ; pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lung ; chemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; secondary ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transplantation, Heterologous

Objective Under different standard uptake value(SUV),to assess gross tumor volume (GTV) definition for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) with 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (~(18)FDG PET) both under definite threshold (42 percent threshold) and various relative threshold (threshold SUV/maximum SUV) derived from the linear regressive function,threshold SUV=0.307?(mean target SUV)+0.588,with computer tomography (CT).Methods Of 20 patients with non-small cell lung cancer,the CT GTV (GTV_(?)).PET GTV with 42 percents threshold (GTV_(42%)) and PET GTV with relative threshold (GTV_(?)) were obtained and compared.Results The mean GTV_(42%),,mean GTV_(?) and mean GTV_(CT) was (13 812.5?13 841.4),(24 325.3?22 454.7) and (28 350.9?26 079.8)mm~3,respectively,with the difference in mean GTV among these three methods significant (F =10,P＜0.01).The GTV_(42%) was smaller than the GTV_(?) and the GTV_(CT)(P＜0.01),with i(?)significant difference between GTV_(?) and GTV_(CT)(P=0.125).Conclusion The relative threshold is more suitable to define the gross tumor volume than the definite threshold.