AIM: To investigate the indications and therapeutic effect of the conservative treatment and surgical treatment for vitreous hemorrhage.
METHODS: Hemorrhage reasons, degree of illness, and treatment and final results of vitreous hemorrhage were recorded from 2008 to 2013, and curative effect of different treatments was analyzed.
RESULTS:Selected 22 cases ( 24 eyes ) of conservative treatment, vision degree of 6 eyes ( 25%) had raised, 5 eyes ( 21%) occurred secondary retinal detachment without treatment, 3 eyes (12. 5%) suffered neovascular glaucoma were underwent operation, but the vision had lost completely. In 26 cases ( 31 eyes ) of control (operation) group, vision of 17 eyes (55%) had improved, 2 eyes (6. 5%) suffered the second operation, 2 eyes (6. 5%) suffered the third surgery, 3 eyes (10%) suffered eyeball atrophy. The number of ultimate vision improved with conservative treatment were significantly lower than the number of cases with surgical treatment (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: The surgical treatment is still visible vitreous hemorrhage treatment means of positive, but there will be eyeball atrophy and other serious complications, so we should choose a different methods in according to the different treatment objects and treatment time.

Objective To observe the changes of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in blood sugar,TC,TG,HDL C,plasma insulin,body mass index(BMI), microalbuminuria,etc before and after moderate intensity exercise training.Methods 28 patients with mean age of 59.0?7.6 years did moderate intensity exercise training for 1～1.5 hours every day for 12 month.At the same time they received the treatment of diet and oral antidiabetic drug com pared with 40 controls without exercise training. Before and after the observing period we measured the values of items above.Results Plasma glucose level , HbAlc,AUCGS(the area under the curve of glucose sugar) and BMI in fat diabetes with training team were obviously decreased compared with those before observation( P 0.05).Conclusion Exercise training can significantly descend blood sugar, insulin resistance and BMI of obese people ,improve lipidmetabolism and ascend insulin sensitivity. So the action of exercise can't be replaced by the diet and oral drug.

Objective:The different subtypes of voltagE-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are known to correlate with the migration of many malignant cancers. This study was to investigate the significance of functional expression of SCN5A/Nav1.5 in human ovarian cancer and its effects on migration capability of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Methods: Sodium indicator SBFI and immunofluorescence method were used to detect the distribution of intracellular Na+. Real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of SCN5A/Nav1.5. The effect of specific voltagE-gated sodium channels inhibitor tetrodotoxin (TTX) on cell viability was measured by CCK-8 kit. The migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-3 were tested by Transwell chamber assay. Results:SCN5A/Nav1.5 were over-expressed in ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-3 and ovarian cancer specimens at mRNA and protein levels. TTX 30 μmol/L inhibited the intracellular Na+ concentration by (41.51±0.41)%. TTX also suppressed the invasion and migration capacities of SKOV-3 cells by (33.80±1.6)% and (43.60±2.9)%, respectively. The difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion:SCN5A/Nav1.5 is involved in the metastasis progression of ovarian cancer in vitro and plays an important role in the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer. It may become a target for ovarian cancer therapy.

Objective To evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of tacrolimus combined with itraconazole or terbinafine against Exophiala dermatitidis (E.dermatitidis).Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of itraconazole and terbinafine against 12 strains of E.dermatitidis were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution susceptibility method (M38-A2 Document).A broth microdilution checkerboard method was used to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of tacrolimus combined with itraconazole or terbinafine against E.dermatitidis.Results The MIC ranges of terbinafine and itraconazole against E.dermatitidis were 0.060-0.125 mg/L and 0.5-1 mg/L,respectively.The combination of tacrolimus with terbinafine showed synergistic inhibitory effects against 5 strains of E.dermatitidis,while the combination of tacrolimus with itraconazole revealed synergistic effects against 10 strains of E.dermatitidis.No antagonism was observed in either of the two combinations.Conclusion In vitro combination of tacrolimus with itraconazole or terbinafine can enhance the antifungal activity of itraconazole or terbinafine against E.dermatitidis.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are known to be involved in the initiation and progression of many malignancies, and the different subtypes of VGSCs play important roles in the metastasis cascade of many tumors. This study investigated the functional expression of Nav1.5 and its effect on invasion behavior of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The mRNA and protein expression of Nav1.5 was detected by real time PCR, Western Blot and immunofluorescence. The effects of Nav1.5 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were respectively assessed by MTT and Transwell. The effects of Nav1.5 on the secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) by MDA-MB-231 were analyzed by RT-PCR. The over-expressed Nav1.5 was present on the membrane of MDA-MB-231 cells. The invasion ability in vitro and the MMP-9 mRNA expression were respectively decreased to (47.82+/-0.53)% and (43.97+/-0.64)% (P<0.05) respectively in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with VGSCs specific inhibitor tetrodotoxin (TTX) by blocking Nav1.5 activity. It was concluded that Nav1.5 functional expression potentiated the invasive behavior of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 by increasing the secretion of MMP-9.

Objective To evaluate the left atrial function and to explore its determinants in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE).Methods 46 patients with HCM (obstructive HCM:25 cases,nonobstructive HCM:21 cases) and 46 healthy cases (controls) were enrolled in this study.Time-volume curve of left atrium was acquired by 3DE in all subjects.Left atrial maximal volume (LAVmax),left atrial minimal volume (LAVmin) and left atrial presystolic volume (LAVp) were acquaired.Left atrial volume index (LAVI),left atrial expansion index (LAEI),left atrium emptying fraction (LAEF),left atrium passive emptying fraction (LAPEF) and 1eft atrium active emptying fraction (LAAEF) were calculated.Comparative analysis between two groups was taken .The Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis between left atrial volume index (LAVI) with interventricular septal thickness (IVSd),left ventricular outflow tract peak gradient (LVOT-PG),mitral regurgitation (MI), left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) were analyzed respectively .Results Compared to the controls LAVmax (45.67 ±11.96)ml,LAVmin (20.48 ±6.80)ml,LAVp (24.48 ±9.31)ml,LAVI 25.63 ±6.52, LAEI (1.32 ±0.49)%,LAEF (55.25 ±8.06)%,LAPEF (35.90 ±7.00)%and LAAEF (30.20 ±10.13)%, the patient with HCM had a significantly larger LAVmax (81.45 ±24.24)ml,LAVmin (44.60 ±18.96)ml, LAVp (61.00 ±21.64) ml and LAVI 45.39 ±14.17,there were significant differences among the groups (t=8.978,8.123,9.227,8.436,all P<0.01),lower LAEI(0.95 ±0.43)%,LAEF (46.15 ±11.12)%, LAPEF (25.64 ±9.09)%,there were significant differences among the groups (t=-3.865,-4.493,-6.504,all P<0.01),and slightly lower LAAEF (28.20 ±9.26)%,there were no significant differences among the groups (t=-0.656,P>0.01).There were significant positive correlation between LAVI and IVSd,LVOT-PG,MI,LVDF respectively (r=0.704,0.517,0.640,0.701,all P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that IVSd , LVOT-PG, MI and LVDF were correlated factors of LAVI (absolute standardized coeffients =0.264,0.515,0.614,0.341,all P<0.05).Conclusions 3DE could evaluate the left atrial volume and function in patients with HCM , with increased left atrial volume and decreased reservioer,conduit and booster pump function .Mitral regurgitation,obstruction of left ventricular outflow tract,left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and the thickness of left ventricular wall contributed to left atrial dysfunction at different levels ,among which mitrial regurgitation contributed the most .

Objective To study the expression of transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF -β1 )in myocardial tissue and the concentration of serum B -type natriuretic peptide (BNP)in myocardial remodeling of SD rats induced by isoproterenol (ISO)and the effects of carvedilol intervention.Methods According to random number table,30 male SD rats were divided into 3 groups:(1 )after 9 g/L saline was injected with 5 mL/(kg·d)for 1 0 days,9 g/L sa-line was used at the dose of 1 0 mL/(kg·d)by way of gavage for 4 weeks in the control group (n =1 0);(2)after ISO was injected with 5 mg/(kg·d)for 1 0 days,9 g/L saline was used at the dose of 1 0 mL/(kg·d)by way of gavage for 4 weeks in the model group (n =1 0);(3)after ISO was injected with 5 mg/(kg·d)for 1 0 days,carvedilol was used at the dose of 1 0 mg/(kg·d)by way of gavage for 4 weeks in the treatment group (n =1 0).Then,all the rats were killed and the cardiac weight index (CWI)was measured.The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were ob-served through HE staining and Masson staining.The mRNA expression of TGF -β1 was detected by adopting reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction.The protein of TGF -β1 was detected by means of immunohistochemistry and Western blot.The concentration of serum BNP was tested by adopting enzyme -linked immuno sorbent assay.Results (1 )Pathological changes by light microscope:no significant pathological changes were observed in myocardial tissue of the control group.The denaturization,hypertrophy,edema,necrosis of myocardial cells and collagen fibers increased in myocardial tissue of the model group were more serious than those of the treatment group.(2)CWI:CWI of the model group[(3.31 ±0.07)mg/g]was significantly higher than that of the treatment group[(3.03 ±0.04)mg/g],and CWI of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group[(2.98 ±0.1 0)mg/g].There was significant difference among 3 groups (F =54.383,P =0.000).There was also significant difference between any 2 groups (all P <0.01 ).(3)The level of TGF -β1 of myocardial tissue:the level of TGF -β1 of the model group was significantly higher than that of the treatment group,and the level of TGF -β1 of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group by using three detection methods.There was significant difference among 3 groups (F=1 3.62,P =0.000).There was also significant difference between any 2 groups (all P <0.01 ).(4)The concentration of serum BNP:the concentration of serum BNP of the model group[(61 .1 3 ±2.00)ng/L]was significantly higher than that of the treatment group[(57.08 ±1 .52)ng/L],and the concentration of serum BNP of the treatment group was sig-nificantly higher than that of the control group[(51 .56 ±1 .80)ng/L].There was significant difference among 3 groups (F =72.81 ,P =0.000).There also was significant difference between any 2 groups (all P <0.01 ).Conclusions The expression of TGF -β1 in myocardial tissue was up -regulated and the concentration of serum BNP was increased in my-ocardial remodeling of SD rats induced by ISO.The carvedilol intervention can down -regulate the expression of TGF -β1 and decrease the concentration of BNP,then inhibit myocardial remodeling,and improve cardiac function.

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical value of superficial layer coagulation of trigeminal sensory root in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. METHODS The clinical data of 5 cases with trigeminal neuralgia were studied. Head MRI (B-FFE) examinations were made before surgery and operations were performed via retrosigmoidal approach. One case with left facial pain showed 3 arteries with offsets crossing and compressing the left trigeminal nerve. Among 4 cases with right facial pain,3 cases had an artery compressing the right trigeminal and the nerve were distorted and moved from its original site,one case with an artery going with trigeminal nerve sensory root branchlets. All cases were no indications for microvascular decompression and thus were treated with surface coagulation of trigeminal nerve sensory root. RESULTS Pain disappeared instantly after operation and facial sensory were retained. All cases were followed up for 2.4 to 5 years and no recurrences were found. CONCLUSION Superficial layer coagulation of trigeminal sensory root is a safe and effective method for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of measurement of left ventricular(LV) volume and function in coronary heart disease(CHD) by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE) using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI).Methods LV end diastolic volume(EDV),LV end systolic volume(ESV) and LV ejection fraction(EF) were measured with RT-3DE in patients with CHD ( n =37) and in the control ( n =30).The results measured by RT 3DE were compared with those of CMRI.The diagnostic value of RT-3DE was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve.Results Compared with that measured by CMRI,EDV,ESV and EF by RT 3DE( P ＞0.05) were almost similar as that in the control.Area under ROC curve of in EDV and ESV were 0.912 and 0.944 in the control.However,EDV determined by RT-3DE was smaller than that by CMRI( P ＜0.05) in CHD group.A difference (10.95 ± 31.26 ml) was existed in EDV between the two methods.ESV measured by RT-3DE was smaller than that calculated by CMRI( P ＞0.05) with a mean differance of (3.17 ± 16.42)ml in CHD group.EF by RT-3DE( P ＞0.05)was almost as same as that by CMRI in CHD group,with a mean difference of (1.54 ± 11.85)％.The area under ROC curve of EDV and ESV were 0.834 and 0.873 in CHD group and their diagnostic performance was moderate.ConclusionsMeasurment of LV volume and function by RT 3DE in control was more acurrate than that in CHD.In the cases of LV remodeling in patients with CHD,RT-3DE would underestimate the LV volume.

Objective To explore the relationship between MspⅠpolymorphism of CYP1A1 gene and susceptibility to breast cancer in Yi nationality in Yunnan province. Methods The gene polymorphism of restriction enzyme of 3′-terminal of CYP1A1 was detected by PCR-RFLP in 60 healthy Yi women , 51 Yi women with breast cancer, 235 healthy Han women, and 250 Han women with breast cancer. Results The distribution frequency of CYP1A1-MspⅠgenotypes was significantly higher in Yi women with breast cancer (51.0%) than in the healthy Yi women (33.3%) (P < 0.05), an the allele C had a higher frequency in women with breast cancer than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). Significant differences of frequencies were found in genotypes TT, TC and CC between women with breast cancer and healthy controls (P < 0.05). The risks of TC and CC for breast cancer were 1.19 and 1.95 folds respectively to TT genotype. But as compared with Yi women , the distribution frequency of CYP1A1-MspⅠ genotypes did not differ between Han women with breast cancer and in the healthy control (P > 0.05), and there were no differences in three genotype frequencies (P > 0.05). Conclusions Gene polymorphism of CYP1A1 genotypes may be associated with the risk of breast cancer in Yi nationality but not in Han nationality in Yunnan. The mutation of CYP1A1 gene may increase the incidence of breast cancer in Yi nationality.