Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male urinary system as well as the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening is the main method for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer, but has a low specificity for its detection. In recent years, a variety of tumor markers with high sensitivity and specificity have been found. This review focuses on some of the more promising tumor biomarkers such as prostate cancer antigen 3, early prostate cancer antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, and vascular endothelial growth factor.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; blood ; Antigens, Surface ; blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Early Detection of Cancer ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; blood ; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; blood ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Racemases and Epimerases ; blood ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)is a kind of RNA molecule which is longer than 200 nucleotides and has no capacity of coding proteins.Accumulating evidences have indicated that several lncRNAs,such as HOTAIR,MALAT-1 ,H1 9 and BANCR may promote tumor metastasis by inducing epitheli-al-mesenchymal transition.

Urothelial carcinoma associated antigen 1(UCA1)is a highly bladder cancer-specific long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),and it does not have the function of encoding protein. UCA1 differentially expre-sses in various fetal tissues,but its expression is turned off in most adult tissues. It reactivates during tumori-genesis. Researches indicate that UCA1 may regulate cell proliferation,apoptosis,metastasis and chemoresis-tance of tumors,such as bladder cancer,breast cancer and hepatocellular cancer.

Animals ; Cochlea ; metabolism ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; metabolism ; Humans ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Oxidative Stress ; physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Objective: To determine the inhibitory effects of maltitol-gum on Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli and Actinomyces viscosus in dental plaque. Methods: Thirty 13-15 years old children with DMFS>4 were divided into three groups, maltitol chewing gums group(A group), xylitol chewing gum group(B group) and blank gum base group (C group). The plaque samples were collected and colony forming units were counted. Results: The levels of three-species cariogenic pathogens in three groups were statistically down-regulated when compared with the baseline(P<0.001).Moreover, A group and B group resulted in a higher decrease of Streptococcus mutans levels compare with C group(P<0.05). The levels of Lactobacilli and Actinomyces viscosus were not statistically different between groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: Maltitol-gum can lead to a significant suppression on Streptococcus mutans levels in dental plaque,while the inhibitory effect of the maltitol-gum on Lactobacilli, Actinomyces viscosus is not obvious.

ObjectiveTo screen the colonization of multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) and determine their risk factors in intensive care unit (ICU), so as to provide the basis of prophylaxis and treatment of MDROs colonization.Methods A prospective single-center study was conducted in ICU of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from June 2008 to December 2014. The nostril and anal swabs for each patient who stayed in ICU over 24 hours were collected. Each specimen was cultured and tested for drug sensitivity. Clinical findings and relative risk factors were collected. The risk factors of MDROs colonization were analyzed with univariate analysis. The independent risk factor was selected from the risk factors withP< 0.05 with logistic regression analysis to analyze the related factors of MDROs colonization in ICU.Results 1 672 patients were enrolled. At ICU admission, MDROs colonization was present in 604 cases (36.12%), of whom 62 cases (3.71%) were found to be colonized with methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 529 (31.64%) were colonized with extended-spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBL) enterobacteria, 7 (0.42%) were colonized with multidrug resistantAcinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB), and 6 (0.36%) were colonized with multidrug resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA). ICU acquired MDROs colonization were 197/1 068 (18.45%), among whom 24 patients (1.44%) were colonized with MRSA, 118 (7.06%) were colonized with ESBL enterobacteria, 50 (2.99%) were colonized with MDR-AB, and 5 (0.30%) were colonized with MDR-PA. By multivariable analysis, prior administration of more than two kinds of antibiotics [odds ratio (OR) = 2.352, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=1.847 - 4.464,P = 0.002], prior use of broad spectrum antibiotics within 3 months (OR = 2.862, 95%CI = 1.458-5.631,P = 0.014), duration of prior antibiotic administration (OR = 1.781, 95%CI = 1.152 - 3.413,P = 0.003) and hospitalization days prior to ICU admission> 9 days (OR = 1.766, 95%CI = 1.235 - 3.986,P = 0.021) were independent risk factors of MDROs colonization on admission to ICU.ConclusionsHigh prevalence of MDROs colonization in ICU patients was found in our hospital, and ESBL enterobacteria was the predominant bacteria. ICU acquired MDROs colonization is also worth considering, especially for MDR-AB. Identification of risk factors for MDROs colonization may help identify and screen patients with high risk, and it is also instructive in prophylaxis of MDROs colonization/infection and restriction of the use of broad spectrum antibiotics.

One major problem to successful treatment of cancer is the development of resistance by tumor cells to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs, a phenomenon named multidrug resistance (MDR). Searching for the novel chemotherapeutical agents is one of the important strategies for overcoming MDR. By using a cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry analysis, Western-blotting and RT-PCR, a drug (Taxol, TAX) resistant human nasopharyngeal carcinoma KB cell line (KB/TAX) was established by addition of the drug to the cell cultures gradually, then a novel N-sugar substituted thalidomide analogue (STA-35) was investigated for its reversal effect on MDR of KB/TAX cells and possible mechanism. The results showed that KB/TAX cells were resistant to several chemotherapeutical agents, and the relative resistance to TAX was 73.1. Compared with parental KB cells, the function and protein expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as well as mdr1 gene in the KB/TAX cells were remarkable reduced. Moreover, both KB and KB/TAX cells were sensitive to STA-35, the relative resistance to TAX on KB/TAX cells was decreased by the addition of STA-35. Furthermore, STA-35 (5 ～20 ?mol/L)was capable to reduced the activity of P-gp by increasing the accumulation of rhodamine 123, decreasing P-gp expression in KB/TAX cells in a dose dependent manner , but had no effect on the mdr1 gene expression. These results suggest a potential action of STA-35 as MDR reversing agent, and one of the possible mechanisms could be the suppression of P-gp function and protein expression.

Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; methods ; Humans ; Sorbic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Urinalysis ; methods

Objective To compare the effects of neutral posture training (NPT) and gas resistance training on balance and motor func-tion in stroke patients. Methods From June, 2014 to February, 2016, 44 hemiplegic patients were randomly divided into control group (n=22) and experimental group (n=22). The control group received conventional decubitus trunk muscle training and sitting gas resistance train-ing. The experimental group received NPT. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) before and after training. Results There was no significant differ-ence in the scores of FMA-UE, FMA-LE and BBS between two groups (t<0.962, P>0.05). The scores significantly increased after training in both groups (t>12.248, P<0.001), and were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t>1.972, P<0.05). Conclusion The NPT could improve the motor and balance function of stroke patients, rather than gas resistance training.