Objective: To describe the distribution of plasma vitamin B12 concentration in Chinese adults aged 35 to 64 years.Methods:Cross-sectional analysis was empolyed.Plasma vitamin B12 concentration was measured in 2 459 adults sampled from the representative urban and rural areas in the South and North of China.Results:Adjusted plasma vitamin B12 concentration was significantly higher (260 pmol/L) in the Southerners than in the Northerners (189 pmol/L).There were different patterns of seasonal changes of plasma vitamin B12 concentration between South and North.Plasma vitamin B12 concenration was higher during the summer and autumn (269 pmol/L)than during the winter and spring (252 pmol/L) in the South.However,the concentration was lower during the summer and autumn (177 pmol/L) than during the winter and spring (200 pmol/L) in the North.Women tended to have higher plasma vitamin B12 concentration than men.There were 5.5 percent of the participants whose plasma vitamin B12 concentration was lower than 110 mol/L.Conclusion:Significant regional and gender differences in plasma vitamin B12 concentration were observed in Chinese adults.The seasonal changes between the South and North were different.

Objective To standardize the method of microbiological examination on Shegan Mixture in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. Methods Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 was used. Microbial enumeration test and specified microorganisms test were used to verify Shegan Mixture. The samples were treated by membrane filtration. Six kinds of strains for microbiological counting and limiting bacteria were used to study applicability. Results Microbial counts of the five strains of the recovery ratio were between 0.5 to 2, and Escherichia coli tested by control bacteria was qualified. Conclusion The microbiological examination methods for Shegan Mixture can meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the sea cucumber Holothuria impatiens collected from the South China Sea.Methods The pure compounds were isolated by extraction,partition and multi-chromatography.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.Results Three triterpene glycosides were isolated and identified as holothurin A1(Ⅰ),holothurin A(Ⅱ) and pervicoside C(Ⅲ),together with a physiological substance of adenosine(Ⅳ).Conclusion All were isolated from Holothuria impatiens for the first time.Three glycosides showed significant cytotoxic activities.

AIM: To investigate the effects of lipid-induced insulin resistance on plasma resistin and ghrelin levels in awake rats. METHODS: A hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp was established in awake chronically catheterized rats. Two groups of rats were studied either with a 4 h intraarterial infusion of lipid/heparin or saline. Insulin-mediated peripheral and hepatic glucose metabolism was assessed by insulin clamp combined with [~3H]-glucose infusion, and plasma resistin and ghrelin concentrations were examined before and after clamp with ELISA. RESULTS: During clamp, there was a significant increase in plasma free fatty acid (FFA, P

Fasting plasma preptin level was assayed by RIA in the patients with different glucose tolerances. Regarding fasting plasma preptin levels, it was higher in females than in males. Fasting plasma preptin level was increased in patients with type 2 diabetes as compared with subjects of impaired glucose tolerance and normal controls, and there were positive correlations with diastolic blood pressure, blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, free fatty acids, 2 h plasma glucose after glucose load, HbA1C and HOMA-IR, suggesting a potential link between preptin and glucose-lipid metabolism and insulin resistance.

Objective: To describe the differences of plasma folate concentration and prevalence of folate deficiency in genders and ages in Chinese adults aged 35 to 64 years. Methods: By cross-sectional analysis, plasma folate concentration was measured in 2 545 adults including men and women by microbiological assay. Results: (1) Men tended to have lower plasma folate concentration and higher prevalence of folate deficiency(9.70 nmol/L, 31.0%) than did women(14.2 nmol/L, 12.5%, P=0.001). (2) Men in South have significantly higher plasma folate concentration and lower prevalence of folate deficiency than in North. The difference of plasma folate concentration was not evident between urban and rural area, but evident in North between in winter and spring. There were no significant differences of prevalence of folate deficiency for men between urban and rural areas in both regions. For women, the differences of plasma folate concentration in areas were significant, which were higher in South and urban, and lower in North and rural areas. (3) Plasma folate concentration increased with age in Southern men. A similar trend for others was not significant. Conclusion: Men have lower plasma folate concentration and higher prevalence of plasma folate deficiency than do women. The distribution of plasma folate concentrations in urban and rural areas seems different between men and women.

Objective To study whether citrate lock is superior to heparin lock in the prevention of catheter related infections,bleeding complications and catheter malfunctions among hemodialysis patients with tunneled catheters.Methods By searching in Pubmed,the Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Ovid,WanFang,VIP,CNKI and CBM databases as well as related journals,qualified randomized controlled trials were included in a Meta-analysis using Revman 5.0 and STATA 10.0 software.The endpoints included catheter related infection,bleeding complication,thrombolytic treatment,catheter removal for malfunction,catheter thrombosis and all-cause death.Results Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included with 1621 patients involved.Eight studies compared citrate alone with heparin lock,while 7 trials focused on citrate in combination with other antimicrobials.Pooled analysis demonstrated that incidence of catheter related infections in patients receiving citrate lock decreased by 47％ compared with those on heparin (RR=0.53,95％CI 0.36-0.77,P ＜ 0.01).Subgroup analysis by types of citrate lock indicated that all combined lock solutions of citrate and other antimicrobials (citrate + gentamicin,citrate + taurolidine,citrate + methylene blue +methylparaben + propylparaben) were superior to heparin lock in preventing catheter-related infections (P =0.01,0.04,0.01,respectively); citrate alone seemed to reduce catheter-related infection risk (RR =0.68),but no statistically significant difference was observed (95％CI 0.38-1.21,P=0.19).There were fewer patients with bleeding complications in citrate group (RR =0.53,95％ CI 0.34-0.S4,P ＜ 0.01),while citrate showed no advantage over heparin lock in terms of thrombolytic treatment (P =0.93),catheter removal for malfunction (P =0.35),catheter thrombosis (P =0.64) and all-cause death (P =0.35).Conclusions For hemodialysis patients with tunneled catheters,combined lock solutions of citrate and other antimicrobials,rather than citrate alone,are superior to heparin in preventing catheter related infections.Citrate locks are associated with less bleeding complications,and are comparable to heparin in the maintenance of catheter patency.

AIM:To study the chemical constituents of Erigeron Injection by HPLC. METHODS: Under the guidance of HPLC analysis,two constituents were separated and purified by the aid of column chromatography with silica gel,and identified by UV、 IR、 MS、 NMR respectively and documentary data. RESULTS: Two compounds from semi-finished products of Erigeron Injection were identified as caffeic acid(Ⅰ) and chlorogenic acid(Ⅱ). CONCLUSION: Two main peaks in HPLC chromatogram of Erigeron Injection are Ⅰ and Ⅱ.

An organic solvent tolerant isolate A213 originating from soil samples were successfully isolated via direct plating method using 10g/L of toluene as the sole carbon source and transparent cycle plate assay method.It was identified as Yarrowia based on its characteris- tics.The results in shake flask cultivation showed that the suitable tipase producing media were(g/L):yeast extract 40,vegetable oil 10, MgSO_4?7H_2O1,KH_2PO_4 5.Under optimal culture conditions (27℃and pH 6.5 ),the maximal lipase activity could reach 67.8 IU/ mL The optimal pH and temperature for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate by crude lipase were pH6.5 and 40℃The enzyme was sta- ble under 70℃and pH 5.5～8.5.Then isolate A213 was found to produce the lipase which can synthesize L-ascorbyl palmitate in tert-amyl alcohol validated by the thin-layer chromatography.

BACKGROUND: At present, the researches on murine model of acute radiation encephalopathy are still in investigation, and mature model making method is not clear.OBJECTIVE: To establish a murine model of acute radiation encephalopathy in order to provide a good foundation for further researches of radiation encephalopathy(REP) mechanism and therapy.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Animal laboratory in a university hospital. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2001 to August 2002. Totally 30 female and 30 male SD rats, weighted(300 ± 30) g, were selected from the Animal Experiment Center of Sun Yat-sen University, and randomly divided into blank control group with 20 rats and experimental group with 40 rats.METHODS: Fourty rats' brain received 60Co γ-ray irradiation with the dosage of 7 Gy/time per day for 6 consecutive days with the total dosage of 42 Gy. The amount of ingestion and drinking, general activities, central nervous system(CNS) symptoms and signs were recorded every day. The hairs and skin of irradiated field and weight were checked and recorded weekly. On the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th days after radiation, the brain tissue was collected and the histopathologic changes were examined.Histopathologic changes after radiation.RESULTS: Since the third day, the ingestion and drinking amount of irradiated rats were decreased. The general activities were increased for the first two days, but decreased without abnormal nervous signs on the 3rd day. The rats in experimental group had a slower weight gain than those of control group, and the difference between them was of no statistical significance. All rats had slight alopecia and neuronal necrosis 2 weeks after irradiation.CONCLUSION: The irradiation method is reliable, practical and good for modeling REP process, which can be used in preventing or reducing the harm effect of radiation therapy on brain tissue.