Objective To explore the concentrations and diameters of the particulates in indoor air of the cosmetic workshops, and provide scientific basis for the testing and evaluation of air cleanliness of the cosmetic workshops. Methods The testing and evaluation on concentrations of the particulates with the diameters of 0.3,0.5,1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0 ?m in indoor air of the cosmetic workshops was carried out among 11 cosmetic manufactures with air filtering and purifying system(air-purified factory) and 13 cosmetic manufactures without air filtering and purifying system but with mechanical ventilation (air-unpurified factory). Results The medians of 0.3～5.0 ?m particulates in air of cosmetic workshops in air-purified factories were significantly lower than those in air-unpurified factories respectively. The concentrations of the particulates in air of cosmetic workshops in air-unpurified factories showed no significant differences compared with those in ambient air.The concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 ?m particulates showed the significant correlation with those of 0.3?2.0?3.0?5.0 ?m particulates. The concentrations of 2.0?3.0?5.0 ?m particulates showed the significant correlation between each other except for 0.3 ?m particulates. Conclusion The particulates show lower concentration, the air cleanliness doesn't meet the requirement the national standard of 100 000 class in air of cosmetic workshops in air-purified factories. The concentration of 0.5 ?m particulate is suitable for evaluation on air cleanliness in air of cosmetic workshops.

Objectives To explore the long-term prognosis, treatment (especially dietary treatment) of classic maple syrup urine disease. Methods The complications and dietary treatment were observed by follow-up study of a classic MSUD patient. Results The patient have obvious damage in nervous system. However, reasonable dietary leucine tolerance therapy after the neonatal period can effectively reduce the metabolic crisis and complications. A mutation in BCKDHB gene was detected in the patient by genetic testing. Conclusion It is suggested that dietary restriction and monitoring of branched-chain amino acids are helpful to reduce the development of acute metabolic crisis and complications and improve the quality of life.

Objective To prepare and characterize glycyrrhetinic acid cationic liposomes.Methods Liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection technique.An orthogonal test was utilized to optimize the formulation and preparation of glycyrrhetinic acid liposomes.The unencapsulated glycyrrhetinic acid and liposomes were separated by Sephadex gel G-50,the encapsulation efficiency was detected by HPLC.The morphological examination of glycyrrhetinic acid liposomes was performed using transmission electron microscopy.The particle size and Zeta potential of the liposomes were measured.The release rate of glycyrrhetinic acid from liposomes was tested.Results The liposomes with spherical or ellipsoidal shape and better stability featured the encapsulation efficiency of(91.61?1.16)%,the mean partical size of(141?10)nm,and Zeta potential of(35.9?5)mV.The in vitro release kinetics were consistent with Higuchi equation.The stability of glycyrrhetinic acid liposomes was better.Conclusion The selected formulation and preparation technic of glycyrrhetinic acid liposomes could be rational,stable,and with a sustained feature in vitro release.

Objective To determine the encapsulation efficiency of glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) liposomes and to study the release of GA from the liposomes in vitro.Methods GA liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection.The unencapsulated glycyrrhetinic acid and liposomes were separated by sephadex gel G-50,and the encapsulation efficiency was detected by HPLC.The release behavior of the drug was studied by the third method for dissolution issued in Chinese pharmacopoeia(published in 2005).Results The encapsulation efficiency of liposomes was 91.61%,and the in-vitro drug-release curve was accorded with Higuchi equation.Conclusion The GA liposomes have high encapsulation efficiency and sustained-release effect.

Glioma is the most common form of brain cancer. Despite recent advances in the treatment of solid tumors, there are few effective treatments for malignant gliomas due to its infiltrative nature. It has important significance to improve the treatment of glioma through in-depth understanding the intracerebral metabolic characteristics and pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutics. Brain microdialysis (B-MD), an effective method to monitor central nervous system anticancer drug disposition, conditions of drugs through the blood-brain barrier, basic pathophysiologic metabolism, bioactive compounds and the changes of neurotransmitter in brain, provides the unique opportunity to allow the simultaneous determination of unbound concentrations of drugs in several tissues, and directly measure gliomas biochemistry continuously. B-MD has been able to monitor the change of brain drugs, metabolites and neurotransmitters, dynamic analysis of the drug concentration and pharmacological effect after administration, pharmacodynamic interaction between drugs, receptor mechanism of drug transport, as well as feedback information of internal environment. B-MD is expected to provide reference for clinical individual chemotherapy of glioma, but also provide powerful tools for the evaluation of new anticancer drugs in vivo. In this review, a comprehensive overview of B-MD for studies on glioma is elucidated with special emphasis on its application to neurochemistry and pharmacokinetic studies.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Glioma ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Microdialysis ; methods ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography

Objective Objective To analysis the clinical curative effect on elderly patients with choledocholithiasis by endoscopic retro-grade cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy ( EST) and discuss its clinical significance. Methods 256 patients with choledocholithiasis were collected for diagnosis and treatment by ERCP. The stone characteristics was mastered by ERCP and the pa-tients were treated with EST. Results Patients with choledocholithiasis were successful in 249 cases (97. 27%) for ERCP intubation and 239 cases (93. 36%) for stone remove. After EST,the stones were removed successfully at one time in 199 cases (83. 26%),2 times in 40 cases (16. 74%). 7 patients (2. 73%) with multiple diverticulum and papillary position poor by intubation failure were changed over to op-eration treatment. After ERCP,patients were performed endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) 64. 44% (154/239). Pull out the drain-age tube of 90. 91% (140/154) of the patients after stones disappeared which was proved by angiography for 3~5 days. 14 cases (9. 09%) were performed second times to remove the stones due to the presence of residual stones. Postoperative complications occured in 15 cases (6. 02%) including 9 cases of acute pancreatitis and 6 cases of infection of biliary tract, and they were cured after 1 week of corresponding treatment. Transient increase of serum amylase occurred in 39 cases, and all of them recoveried after 3 days without special treatment. Con-clusion The results showed that ERCP ( or EST) were well tolerated by elderly patients with choledocholithiasis,and they were of obvious curative effect and quick recovery,which is worthy of promotion and application.

Objective To investigate the health condition of swimmers who swim in a river in Guangzhou city and to know the influencing factors in order to provide the scientific data for making the diseases control guide for swimmers swimming in the river.Methods The swimmers who swam in a river in Guangzhou city were selected and the cluster sampling survey was conducted by telephone interview and questionnaires in 2006.The statistic analysis of the data was done with the chi-square and Logistic regression.Results 17.9% of the investigated swimmers felt disconffortable in the first time to swim in the river,the main symptoms were eye and skin symptoms,12.2% had the same symptoms in second time to swim in the river,there was a significant difference between the prevalence rates of the eye symptoms.The Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were associated with the prevalence of discomfortable symptoms:age,gender,swimming with any kinds of tampon in unclean river water,in the first time to swim in the river and in the second time to swim in the river,the related OR values were 0.95 and 0.97,3.55 and 2.32,14.83 and 6.7.Other factors associated with the prevalence of discomfortable symptoms were as follows:swimming period in unclean fiver water,swimming stroke,chokes the water,times of choking water,using earplugs,head position in water,the related OR values were 1.06,0.50,2.1,1.22,0.44,1.65.Concousion To swim in the natural unclean river may cause the discomfort,the main problems are eye and skin symptoms.

Objective To evaluate the value of using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)technique for the detection of chromosome aberration of urine exfoliated cells for the diagnosis of bladder tumor.MethodsFISH technique were used to detect the abnormalities of chromosome 3,7,17 and 9p16 site from 20 normal people, and to establish the threshold.The morning's first urinations were available from 75 patients with bladder cancer and 25 patients without urothelial tumor, then were detected using FISH technique and urine cytology respectively.The sample was considered positive if two or more probes results higher than the criteria,or one probe has two or more abnormal results.Results The sensitivity of single using were 73.3％ (55/75),76.0％ (57/75),62.7％ (47/75) and 62.7％ (47/75) for the 4 probes (3,7, 17 and 9p16)respectively.The sensitivity of combined detection was 85.3％ (64/75) and specificity was 96.0％ (24/25) The sensitivity and specificity of urine cytology examination was 9.3％ (7/75) and 100％ (25/25) .The sensitivity of FISH examination was significantly higher than that of urine cytology examination (85.3％ vs 9.3％ ,x2 = 57.00, P ＜ 0.001) .Sensitivity of FISH examination was not correlated with cancer pathologic grading(low vs high : 84.2％ vs 86.5％, x2 = 0.08, P ＞ 0.05)and clinical stage (ta-tl : 82.9％, t2-t4 :87.5％, x2 = 0.32 ,P ＞ 0.05) .ConclusionFISH technique is a non-invasive and effective method for the early diagnosis of bladder tumor and is more sensitive than urine cytology.Furthermore, FISH technique can be used to predict the tumor's biological behavivor and prognosis.

This study is to investigate the binding capability of lidamycin apoprotein (LDP), an enediyne-associated apoprotein of the chromoprotein antitumor antibiotic family, to human breast cancer and normal tissues, the correlation of LDP binding capability to human breast cancer tissues and the expression of tumor therapeutic targets such as VEGF and HER2. In this study, the binding capability of LDP to human breast cancer tissues was detected with tissue microarray. The correlation study of LDP binding capability to human breast tumor tissues and relevant therapeutic targets was performed on breast cancer tissue microarrays. Immunocytochemical examination was used to detect the binding capability of LDP to human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. As a result, tissue microarray showed that LDP staining of 73.2% (30/41) of breast cancer tissues was positive, whereas that of 48.3% (15/31) of the adjacent normal breast specimens was positive. The difference between the tumor and normal samples was significant (Chi2 = 4.63, P < 0.05). LDP immunoreactivity in breast cancer correlated significantly with the overexpression of VEGF and HER2 (P < 0.001 and < 0.01, r = 0.389 and 0.287, respectively). Determined with confocal immunofluorescent analysis, LDP showed the binding capability to mammary carcinoma MCF-7 cells. It is demonstrated that LDP can bind to human breast cancer tissues and there is significant difference between the breast cancer tissues and the corresponding normal tissues. Notably, the binding reactivity shows positive correlation with the expression of VEGF and HER2 in breast carcinoma tissues. The results imply that LDP may have a potential use as targeting drug carrier in the research and development of new anticancer therapeutics. This study may provide reference for drug combination of LDM and other therapeutic agents.

Objective To investigate the feasibihty and effectiveness of the fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)technique in the diagnosis of renal pelvic tumor.Methods FISH technique were used to detect the abnormalities of chromosome 3,7,17 and 9 p16 from 20 people without malignancy.The morning's first urine were availahled from 15 patients with hematuria and suspected of renal mass by imaging,then were studied by FISH technique and urine cytology respectively.The sample was considered positive if two or more probes results were higher than the criteria,or one probe had two or more abnormal results.Results Eight of 15 patients with hematuria were renal pelvic urothehal carcinoma,5 were renal clear cell carcinoma,1 was renal chromophobe cell carcinoma,1 was xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis,confirmed by pathology.All of the 8 renal pelvic carcinoma were considered positive by FISH technique,while only 1 was considered positive by urine cytology.The variation rate of chromosome 3,7,17 were 100%(8/8)and chromosome 9 p16 was 75%(6/8).Six of 7 non-renal pelvic carcinoma were negative by FISH technique,but all Were negative by urine cytology.Conclusion FISH technique is a non-invasive and effective method for the diagnosis of renal pelvic tumor,and it's more sensitive than urine cytology.