Objective To explore the causes of misdiagnose of ectopic pregnancy by retrospective analysis in our hospital cases,in order to increase the diagnose and curative level in ectopic pregnancy.Methods Clinical data of the misdiagnosis of 96 cases from the 357 patients of ectopic pregnancy in our hospital from year 1993 to 2002,including materials of histories ,symptoms signs and laboratory examinations were retrospectively analyzed.Results The misdiagnosis rate of ectopic pregnancy in our hospital was 26 9%, most of them were treated as early pregnancies, threatened abortions etc. The causes of misdiagnosis were neglectful of asking essential history, no overall physical examination and misleading by the laboratory results.Conclusions The effectively preventive measures against misdiagnosing of ectopic pregnancy were strengthen vigilance of ectopic pregnancy,familiar with the knowledge of atypical ectopic pregnancy and the essential examinations on gravida.

Objective:To evaluate the current situation and the developing trend of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists used in 25 hospital of Wuhan during the period of 2003～2005 in order to provide reference for clinical doctors and pharmacists. Method:The 5-HT3 receptor antagonists were statistically analyzed in respect to the purchase sum of money,DDDs and daily costs. Result:During the 3 years, purchase sum of money of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists were yearly increasing. The share of the market of domestic drugs showed an increasing tendency,while the imported drugs decreased year by year. Granisetron, ondansetron and tropisetron were much more frequently used than others. Conclusion:The market of the oral agents of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists will further expand in China.

Consensus ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ; methods

BACKGROUND:The ligamentum flavum is important to connect the rear of the spine. If the flexibility of the ligamentum flavum is decreased due to degeneration, in the role of various factors, it can reduce the effective space of the spinal canal to induce spinal cord and nerve root compression, thereby resulting in neurological symptoms, even paralysis or residual disease. OBJECTIVE:To study the mechanism of over-dose fluoride on the degeneration and ossification of the ligamentum flavum in rats. METHODS:Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group was given distiled water containing NaF (mass fraction 10-4) and control group was given the same amount of distiled water. After 3 and 6 months, the bone mineral density, Ca2+ and P3+ contents in serum and bone tissue and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were detected, respectively. Meanwhile, the ligamentum flavum specimens were taken for X-ray examination and histopathological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the experimental group, chalk stripes or spots occurred in the lower incisors of five rats at 3 months after treatment and dental fluorosis that was mostly in chalk color was found in al the rats at 6 months after treatment; moreover, the bone density of the lumbar spine significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the contents of serum Ca2+ were significantly higher, while the contents of P3+were significantly lower in the experimental group at 3 and 6 months after treatment (P < 0.05); the serum alkaline phosphatase activity was also significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group at 3 and 6 months after treatment (P < 0.05). X-ray films, at 6 months after treatment, showed that the bone density of the lumbar vertebra was increased obviously; pathological observation showed that the number of elastic fibers in the ligamentum flavum was reduced further, a large amount of colagen fibers, fibroblasts and calcium deposition were found, and the ossification of the ligamentum flavum was visible at the lamina attachment site. These findings indicate that the over-dose fluorides can lead to the degeneration and ossification of the ligamentum flavum in Sprague-Dawley rats, which may plan an important role in the ossification of the ligamentum flavum.

As our country lack professionals of public health,higher demand to the preventive medicine is further made with the transformation of medical model and the construction of the public health system,and the reformation in preventive medicine education of higher learning is explored to cultivate the practical professionals of public health by modulating education program and courses,modifying the cultivating plan,emphasizing the knowledge of liberal arts and management,strengthening the cultivation of ability and combining theory with practice.

Objective To investigate the effects of long term exposure of 18F-FDG-PET/CT X-rays on rabbit immune system.Methods The rabbits were irradiated with 18F-FDG-PET/CT every day and this irradiation treatment continued for 3 months.At each month,the total number of white blood cells,thymus index and spleen index,phagocytic index,immune globulins,TNF-α and IL-1 in peripheral blood and serum were detected.Results After long-term 18F-FDG-PET/CT irradiation,the total number of white blood cells increased,the thymus and spleen index decreased (t =3.144-72.903,P ＜ 0.05),the phagocytic index and phagocytic percentage decreased after 1 or 2 months(t =2.719-11.859,P ＜ 0.05),and the number of immune cells marked with CD4 + increased but CD8 + decreased(t =6.433-29.877,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the level of immune globulin in the serum decreased,but the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β increased (t =2.720-28.775,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions 18F-FDG-PET/CT has some damage effects on the immune system of male Japanese big ear rabbit,suggesting that the negative effects of PET-CT should be paid close attention to during clinical application.

An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was developed to determine 19 elements in safflower,a traditional Chinese medicinal herb from Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Henan Province of China.Totally 19 elements in safflower included heavy metals,i.e.As,Cd,Cu,Hg and Pb,and wholesome elements,i.e.AI,Ca,Co,Cr,Fe,Mg,Mn,Mo,Ni,P,Se,Sr,V and Zn.The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in safflower samples were both low,all of which met the national hygiene standards except for Pb in Xinjiang sample.Meanwhile,the distribution tendency of elements in the two samples was similar,which indicated that the plant might absorb given elements in a proportional way.The method can be used for the quality control of elements in safflower,and it provides a way for the determination of the contents of safflower from Xinjiang and Henan.

[Objective]To describe the clinical applycation of domelike decompression of the lumbar vertebral canal and evaluate the outcomes.To evaluate the effects on lumbar stability of domelike decompression through biomechanical canal study.[Method]Domelike decompress of the lumber vertebral canal were performed in 197 patients,with an average age of 52.7 and an average history of 6 years and 8 months,The surgicall outcomes were evaluated with modify Japanese Orthopedic Association Low Back Pain Score(M-JOA).Biomechanical study were performed on lumbar specimens from thirty fresh porcine model which were divided into three groups,Group A(n=10)was biomechanically tested after simulated laminectomy decompression,Group B(n=10)was biomechanically tested after simulated domelike decompression,Group C(n=10)was biomechanicaliy tested on intact,All were tested in flexion extension,torsion,and lateral bending and axial rotation moments as well as axial compressive loads.Load deflection curves were obtained each time,and stiffness values were calculated from the curves,Differences were checked for significance(P

Objective To identify the role of autopahgy in the protective mechanism of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number table) divided into five groups (n =8 in each group),namely sham group,model group,cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) group,zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) group and 6-amino-3-methylpurine (3-MA) group.Partial hepatic I/R model was established by clamping the pedicles of left and median lobes for 1 hour and reopening for 6 hours in rats,and the rats in sham group were only received celiotomp without hepatic I/R.In the CoPP group,CoPP (a HO-1 inducer,5 mg/kg) was administered i.p 24 hours before I/R.In the ZnPP or 3-MA group,besides pretreatment with CoPP,the rats were given ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor,25 mg/kg) or 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor,30 mg/kg) i.p 1 hour before I/R.Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was determined with automatic biochemistry analyzer.The hepatic pathological scores (PS) were determined under light microscope using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The hepatocyte apoptosis index (AI) was assessed with terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.Autophagosomes in liver tissue were counted under electron microscope.The mRNA expressions of HO-1,caspase-3,Beclin-1 and Atg-5 in the liver were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The HO-1 activity was also measured by the generation of bilirubin with the method of double-wave spectrophotometry.Results Compared with the sham group,the level of serum ALT significantly increased in the I/R group (U/L:560.3±73.6 vs.49.1 ± 13.8,P ＜ 0.01),HE staining showed a severe hepatic injury (PS:12.0±2.0 vs.1.3±0.9,P ＜ 0.01),TUNEL staining showed a higher hepatocytes apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 significantly increased [AI:(19.38±3.07)％ vs.(3.25±1.28)％,caspase-3 mRNA (2-△△CT):4.62±0.40 vs.1.05±0.15,both P ＜ 0.01].However,there was no significant difference in the expression of HO-1 and the genes associated with autophagy between the two groups.In the CoPP group,the hepatic injury was blunted compared with that in the I/R group [ALT (U/L):223.3 ± 34.4 vs.560.3 ± 73.6,PS:5.6 ± 2.3 vs.12.0 ± 2.0,AI:(11.38± 2.39)％ vs.(19.38 ± 3.07)％,caspase-3mRNA (2-△△CT):2.42±0.33 vs.4.62±0.40,all P ＜ 0.01].HO-1 was induced in the CoPP group and autophagy was also increased significantly after I/R when compared with those in the I/R group [HO-1 mRNA (2-△△CT):3.01 ±0.71vs.1.14 ± 0.20,HO-1 activity (pmol ·mg-1 · h-1):259 ± 37 vs.113 ± 26,the number of autophagosomes:8.75 ± 0.87 vs.1.25±0.71,Beclin-1 mRNA (2-△△CT):2.85±0.28 vs.1.15±0.11,Atg-5 mRNA (2-△△CT):2.44±0.25 vs.1.14±0.12,all P ＜ 0.01].In the ZnPP group,the activity of HO-1 was much lower than that in the CoPP group,and as a result autophagy was decreased and liver injury was increased.In the 3-MA group,although there was no difference in the activity of HO-1 compared with that in the CoPP group,autophagy was inhibited,and the protective effect of CoPP was eliminated.Conclusion HO-1 could regulate the level of autophagy during liver I/R,and in turn autophagy might mediate the protective effects of HO-1 against liver I/R injury.