Objective To investigate the relationship between serum vitamin B12 level and arsenic methylation and the risk of arsenic poisoning in the arsenic exposed population.Methods Three villages in Midu County,Dali City,Yunnan Province were investigated.Cross-sectional study was used to select 103 subjects.The population was divided into three groups according to drinking water arsenic exposure situation and whether arsenic poisoning patients:28 cases of control group (not exposed to high arsenic),30 cases of arsenic patient group and 45 cases of non patient group.Instant peripheral blood samples and urine samples were collected.The content of arsenic in urine was determined by hydride generation cold trap and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The levels of vitamin B12 in serum were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay.The urine arsenic and serum vitamin B12 contents in different groups were compared,the arsenic poisoning prevalence rate in people with different levels of serum vitamin B12 was investigated,and the correlation between serum vitamin B12 level and the metabolism of arsenic methylation was analyzed.Results The level of urinary inorganic arsenic (iAs),monomethylated arsenic (MMA) and dimethylated arsenic (DMA),total arsenic (tAs) were significantly different between groups (F =13.032,20.778,21.978,22.155,all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of urine arsenic in patients with arsenic exposure [(94.56 ± 107.62),(75.76 ± 54.31),(270.19 ± 185.10),(444.02 ± 323.28) μg/g Cr] and non patient with arsenic exposure [(40.05 ± 47.47),(45.11 ± 46.06),(183.91± 151.45),(270.84 ± 231.45) μg/g Cr] were significantly higher than those in control group [(7.58 ± 4.82),(4.27 ± 2.01),(26.89 ± 11.45),(38.91 ± 13.34) μg/g Cr,all P ＜ 0.05].The serum levels of vitamin B12 were significantly different between groups (F =6.650,P ＜ 0.05),patients exposed to arsenic [(366.05 ± 120.03) ng/L] was significantly lower than the control group [(533.70 ± 180.12) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05].There were significant differences in the detection rate of arsenic poisoning among different levels of serum vitamin B12 (x2=8.13,P ＜ 0.05),the lower dose of vitamin B12,the more serious the incidence of arsenic poisoning.The content of vitamin B12 was negatively correlated with MMA％ (r =-0.21,P ＜ 0.05),and positively correlated with SMR (r =0.21,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Low levels of vitamin B12 in serum may increase the risk of arsenic poisoning.

OBJECTIVETo measure the stability of Evans procedure and Chrisman-Snook technique in the treatment of II degree lateral collateral ligament of ankle joint, and provide basis for treatment and prognosis.

METHODSFrom July 2008 to June 2009,18 frozen corpes were collected, including 10 males and 8 females, with an average age of fresh 39.3 +/- 11.2 years. The frozen corpes were randomly divided into three group, including normal controls(group A), Evans procedure (group B) and Chrisman-Snook technique ( group C), 6 specimens in each group. Anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament were cut off to cause II degree lateral collateral ligament in group B and C. Evans procedure or Chrisman-Snook technique were applied to restore lateral collateral ligament, and measure biomechnics. The displacement of tibiotalar joint and subtalar joint were observed.

RESULTS(1) The lateral stress results of tibiotalar joint showed the displacement by Evans procedure (group B) was greater than other groups (P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between group A and C (P > 0.05). (2) The lateral stress results of subtalar joint showed the displacement by Evans procedure (group B) was greater than other groups (P< 0.0001). There were no significant differences between group A and C (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAnkle instability is caused by ankle joint lateral collateral ligament injury. Chrisman-Snook technique is better than Evans procedure in stability on the early stage of ankle joint restoration, and conform to principle of biomechanics.

Adult ; Ankle Joint ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Humans ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Prognosis ; Radiography ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

6.24 mmol/L) and sixty healthy persons in the health center of our hospital were investigated as hyperhpidemia group (Hyperlipidemias) and control group (Controls) respectively.Hyperlipidemias were given simvastatin 20 mg?d~(-1) for twelve weeks (Statins).Blood samples of ulnar vein were extracted from Statins at the end of twelve weeks as well as Controls and Hyperhpidemias at the beginning of the experiment. Blood serum,plasma and mononuclearcell were extracted and stored at a refrigerator of-80℃.The level of plasma angiotensinⅡwas detected by the method of radioimmunity.While the expression of RANTES mRNA and protein on mononuclearcell were assessed by real time reverse transcription polymerse chain reaction and Western blot respectively.Results①The plasma angiotensinⅡof Hyperlipidemias was higher than that of Controls [(92.13?22.03) vs (50.85?12.12),P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate and compare the outcome of two kinds of diameter hollow screws for the treatment of femoral neck fractures.

METHODSFrom June 2008 to June 2013, 117 patients with femoral neck fractures were treated by closed reduction and hollow screws fixation. Among them,48 patients were fixed by 6.5 mm screw including 30 males and 18 females with an average age of (45.61 ± 11.99) years old ranging from 19 to 60 years old, involving 17 cases in Garden I/II and 31 cases in Garden III/IV; 69 patients were fixed by 8.0 mm screw including 40 males and 29 females with an average age of (45.17 ± 9.95) years old ranging from 18 to 60 years old, involving 31 cases in Garden I/II and 38 cases in Garden III/IV. The general information, operative time, hospital stay time, reduction quality, diameter of femoral head and neck, fracture healing time, the rate of fracture healing, postoperative complications were recorded and evaluated. Harris scoring was used to evaluate the hip joint function.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 19.6 months (18 to 24 months). The difference of operative time, duration of hospitalization, quality of reduction were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was no difference between two groups about the average diameter of the femoral head and neck, the fracture healing time, the rate of healing and the postoperative complications (P > 0.05). There were no difference between two groups about Harris scale. There were significant difference between Garden III/IV and I /II (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONClosed reduction and internal fixation with hollow screw in treating the young adult patients with femoral neck fracture is the first choice, both different diameters hollow screws could meet the requirements of fixation of femoral neck fracture, and not affect on fracture healing time and postoperative complications.

Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

0.05).Conclusions There is no obvious effect of danazol alginate microspheres used for uterine arterial embolization on ovarian function in rabblits.After UAE some animals are able to achieve pregnancies,while harmful effects are observed on short term pregnant rate.

BACKGROUNDBone age development is one of the significant indicators depicting the growth status of children. However, bone age assessment is an heuristic and tedious work for pediatricians. We developed a computerized bone age estimation system based on the analysis of geometric features of carpal bones.

METHODSThe geometric features of carpals were extracted and analyzed to judge the bone age of children by computerized shape and area description. Four classifiers, linear, nearest neighbor, back-propagation neural network, and radial basis function neural network, were adopted to categorize bone age. Principal component and discriminate analyses were employed to improve assorting accuracy.

RESULTSThe hand X-ray films of 465 boys and 444 girls served as our database. The features were extracted from carpal bone images, including shape, area, and sequence. The proposed normalization area ratio method was effective in bone age classification by simulation. Besides, features statistics showed similar results between the standard of the Greulich and Pyle atlas and our database.

CONCLUSIONSThe bone area has a higher discriminating power to judge bone age. The ossification sequence of trapezium and trapezoid bones between Taiwanese and the atlas of the GP method is quite different. These results also indicate that carpal bone assessment with classification of neural networks can be correct and practical.

Age Determination by Skeleton ; Carpal Bones ; anatomy & histology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neural Networks (Computer)

OBJECTIVETo explore the fixation methods in treatment of tibial fracture in adolescents by comparing the results and complications of three fixation methods and to determine the factors related to those complications.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to January 2012, 83 diaphyseal tibial fractures in 79 adolescents were treated with elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation, plate fixation, or external fixation respectively. There were 55 males and 24 females with an average age of 13.9 years (ranging from 11 to 17.6 years). Outcomes were compared in terms of the hospital stay,time to union, complications, and reoperation rates.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 15.8 months in average. The time to union was significant associated with the pattern of fixation, energy of the injury, multiple and open fracture. The time of bone union of external fixation group was longer than that of elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation and plate fixation groups. But complication rates of external fixation group were higher than that of elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation and plate fixation groups. Four patients were treated with elastic nail fixation underwent a reoperation (loss of reduction in 2 cases, delayed union and nonunion in each 1 case). Six patients were treated with external fixation required a reoperation (loss of reduction in 3 cases, malunion in 2 cases, and replacement of a pin canal infection in 1 case). Two fractures were treated with plate fixation required refixation following nonunion and malunion. A multivariate analysis with adjustment for baseline differences showed external fixation to be associated with a 7.56 times (95% confidence interval=3.74 to 29.87) greater risk of loss of reduction and (or) malunion than elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation. At the final follow-up,there were agreeable results among three groups and no significant differences among them in final therapeutic effect (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONExternal fixation for treatment of tibial fracture in adolescents has the highest rate of complications than the other two fixation methods. Elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation can achieve the same effect of other fixed system and avoid most of the complications. Operation method choice depends on the experience of doctors and patients' basic situation and the fracture types.

Adolescent ; Bone Plates ; Child ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Open ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery

Nine compounds were isolated from an ethanol extract of the roots of K. roxburghii by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, MCI gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC. On the basis of physical-chemical properties and spectroscopic data analysis, their structures were identified as munjistin (1), 1-methoxy-3,6-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (2), 1,2,3-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (3), arjunolic acid (4), hyptatic acid-A (5), hyptatic acid-B (6), 2α,3β,24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (7), 2α,3β,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (8), and daucosterol (9). Compounds 1-9 were obtained from this genus for the first time.
Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Rubiaceae ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the chemical composition of the modified surface of fluoride ion-implanted titanium and assess the effect on the formation of focal adhesion plaque in vitro.

METHODSPure commercial titanium discs were treated with fluoride ion implantation by plasma immersion ion implantation technique (PIII) and chemical composition and value of the surface modification layer were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). In order to investigate the formation of focal adhesion plaque, MG-63 cells were seeded onto the surfaces of the modified Ti discs and quantified by morphometric analysis using an immunofluorescence microscope.

RESULTSThe full range XPS spectra and fitting results indicated that the surface of fluoride ion-implanted titanium was the mixture of titanium dioxide and titanium trifluoride. Meanwhile, the quantity of focal adhesion plaque on fluoride ion-implanted titanium was more than that on the non-implanted titanium after 6 hours' cell culture.

CONCLUSIONThe XPS data revealed that the modified surface layer of fluoride ion-implanted titanium contained titanium dioxide and titanium trifluoride, which could enhance the formation of focal adhesion plaque.

Fluorides ; Focal Adhesions ; In Vitro Techniques ; Prostheses and Implants ; Surface Properties ; Titanium

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mastoiditis ; complications ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial ; etiology