A new dynamic in vitro intestinal absorption model for screening and evaluating lipid formulations was established by means of the characteristics of the intestinal digestion and absorption of the lipid formulations. This model was composed of two systems, including intestinal digestion and the intestinal tissue culture, which drew the evaluation method of intestinal absorption into the in vitro lipolysis model. The influence of several important model parameters such as Ca2+, D-glucose, K+ on the two systems of this model has been investigated. The results showed that increasing of Ca2+ concentration could be significantly conductive to intestinal digestion. The increasing of D-glucose concentration could stepped significantly down the decay of the intestinal activity. K+ was able to maintain intestinal activity, but the influence of different concentration levels on the decay of the intestinal activity was of no significant difference. Thus the model parameters were set up as follows: Ca2+ for 10 mmol x L(-1), D-glucose for 15 mmol x L(-1) and K+ for 5.5 mmol x L(-1). Type I lipid formulation was evaluated with this model, and there was a significant correlation between the absorption curve in vitro and absorption curve in vivo of rats (r = 0.995 6, P < 0.01). These results demonstrated that this model can be an attractive and great potential method for the screening, evaluating and predicting of the lipid formulations.
Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Caprylates ; chemistry ; Digestion ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glycerides ; chemistry ; Indomethacin ; chemistry ; Intestinal Absorption ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Lipolysis ; Models, Biological ; Potassium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The distribution fate and solubilization behavior of indomethacin through the intestinal tract were investigated with in vitro lipolysis model, by comparing the Capmul MCM and Labrafil M 1944 CS type I lipid formulations. The results showed that the more favorable solubilization was in the aqueous digestion phase from each lipid formulations for indomethacin. The lipolysis rate and extent were decided with chemical constitution of the lipid excipients, which meant that less indomethacin was transferred from the long chain polar oil lipid solution into the aqueous digestion phase. Increasing the concentration of indomethacin in the lipid formualitons from a solution to a suspension led to a linear increase in the concentration of indomethacin attained in the aqueous digestion phase from lipid formulations. This study also implied that adverse effects of the lipolysis rate and extent on drug absorption were could be taken into consideration when screening lipid formulations. Lipid suspensions likely had better enhancement of drug absorption. Last, this study demonstrated that a potential basis for optimizing and assessing type I lipid formulations and also researching in vivo-in vitro correlations of lipid formulations were provided by an in vitro lipolysis model.
Caprylates ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Digestion ; Excipients ; Glycerides ; chemistry ; Indomethacin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Lipolysis ; Models, Biological ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Suspensions

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; Fractures, Bone ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Steel

This paper report the development of a new dosage form - self-microemulsifying mouth dissolving films, which can improve the oral bioavailability of water insoluble drugs and have good compliance. A three factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was used for optimizing formulation, investigated the effect of amounts of microcrystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and hypromellose on the weight, disintegration time, cumulative release of indomethacin after 2 min, microemulsified particle size and stretchability. Optimized self-microemulsifying mouth dissolving films could fast disintegrate in (17.09 +/- 0.72) s; obtain microemulsified particle size at (28.81 +/- 3.26) nm; and release in vitro at 2 min to (66.18 +/- 1.94)%. Self-microemulsifying mouth dissolving films with broad application prospects have good compliance, strong tensile and can be released rapidly in the mouth through fast self-microemulsifying.
Administration, Oral ; Biological Availability ; Cellulose ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Emulsifying Agents ; chemistry ; Emulsions ; Hypromellose Derivatives ; Indomethacin ; administration & dosage ; Methylcellulose ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Solubility ; Surface Properties ; Tensile Strength

Solid carriers had important effects on the properties of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SMEDDS). In order to make the basis for further development of S-SMEDDS, the influences of silica on the absorption of S-SMEDDS were investigated. An in vitro lipolysis model was used to evaluate the influence of silica on self-microemulsifying drug delivery system digestion from intestinal tract. S-SMEDDS containing silica were prepared by extrusion/spheronization. The drug release and absorption were investigated. The results showed that lipolysis rate and drug concentration in aqueous phase after intestinal lipolysis both increased by adding silica, which was benefit to drug absorption. And silica was not benefit to absorption for slowing drug release. Consistently, there was no significant influence of silica on intestinal absorption. This study implied that the influences of silica on lipolysis rate and drug release were both amount dependent and it is suggested that silica could be used as the solid carrier but the proportion needs to be optimized.
Animals ; Biological Availability ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Emulsions ; Indomethacin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; Lipolysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Silicon Dioxide ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Solubility

Objective To explore surgical treatment of gliomas involving the motor eloquent area. Methods Twelve cases of gliomas involving precentral gyrus were underwent awake surgery procedures assis- ted with neuronavigation and brain functional mapping by cortical electrical stimulation.Results Eleven ca- ses acquired accurate location of both lesions and eloquent areas by neuronavigation and direct cortical stimula- tion.7 cases of motor cortices and 2 cases of motor speech centers were confirmed during the operation.Re- section,verified by postoperative MRI,was total in 8 cases (66.7%) and subtotal in 4 patients.Histological examination revealed an infiltrative glioma in all cases (8 low grade astrocytomas,2 high grade astrocytomas and 2 glioblastoma).Four patients had no postoperative deficit,while the other 8 patients were impaired, with,in all cases except one,complete recovery in 7 days to one month.Conclusion Direct cortical elec- trical stimulations and awake surgery offer a reliable,precise and safe method,allowing functional mapping es- pecially useful in case of infiltrative cerebral tumors in eloquent areas.This technique allows improvement in the quality of tumoral resection and concurrently a minimization of the risk of definitive postoperative neurologi- cal deficit.

Objective To investigate the titer stability of the harvest solution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2(SARS-CoV-2)at 2 ～ 8 ℃ and the inactivation effect of β-propiolactone inactivator on the virus.Methods Three batches of SARS-CoV-2 harvest solution(batch numbers:202111001,202111002 and 202111003)were stored at 2 ～ 8 ℃ for 12 d and sampled every 3 d(0,3,6,9 and 12 d)for detection of the titers by Karber method;Three batches of virus harvest solution equilibrated overnight at 2 ～ 8 ℃ were inactivated by adding β-propiolactone at a volume fraction of 1∶4 000 and detected for the titers at different inactivation time points(0,0.5,1,1.5,2,3,4,8,16 and 24 h),of which samples inactivated for 8,16 and 24 h were taken for inactivation verification,and samples inactivated for 24 h were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results The titers of SARS-CoV-2 decreased with the prolongation of storage time at 2 ～8 ℃,which showed no obvious decrease during 0 ～ 3 d,while decreased from the initial 7.75,6 and 7.5 lgCCID_(50)/mL to5.75,4.625 and 6.25 lgCCID_(50)/mL on day 12,indicating that the virus activity showed a gradual decrease trend at 2 ～8 ℃；With the inactivation time,the virus titer decreased continuously and could not be detected after inactivation for 3 h.Transmission electron microscope observation showed that the inactivated virus particles were intact and the spike protein was evenly distributed.Conclusion The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 stored at 2 ～ 8 ℃ was unstable,so the subsequent inactivation and purification process should be carried out as soon as possible;The titer of virus could not be detected after3 h of inactivation,which provided a reference for the determination of the inactivation process.

OBJECTIVETo construct and identify the stable expression system of NIH3T3 fibroblast with eukaryotic expression vector of human transforming growth factor beta3 (pcDNA3.1 (-)/TGFbeta3). So as to investigate the proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts transfected with hTGFbeta3 gene stably.

METHODSThe stable transfection of NIH3T3 fibroblasts with recombinant plasmid expressing hTGFbeta3 was established by using LipofectamineTM2000 and G418 selection. The mRNA and protein expression of TGFbeta3 were detected by the RT-PCR and Western blot method, respectively. Microscope and MTT were adopted to examine the proliferation of the stable expression system of fibroblasts with hTGFbeta3.

RESULTSAfter G418 selection, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, 7 out of 10 cell lines transfected with pcDNA3.1 (-)/TGFbeta3 expressed with very high level of TGFbeta3, as compared with vector control transfectants that showed no expression, and compared with the other cell lines that expressed relatively low level. The stable transfection of NIH3T3 fibroblasts growth slowed down significantly (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe stable expression system of NIH3T3 fibroblast with hTGFbeta3 were constructed successfully. The TGFbeta3 gene could inhibit the proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts in vitro.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Fibroblasts ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Plasmids ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta3 ; genetics ; metabolism

An electrochemical analysis system for rapid determination of chemical oxygen demand ( COD) in flow state was established. A planar electrode modified with GO-NiNPs was matched with a 3D printed thin-layer cell. The sample was driven smoothly through the electrode surface by a micro peristaltic pump and then measured by chronoamperometry. The effect of modified materials, dielectric and electrochemical operating conditions were investigated. The whole response time of COD was 1. 5 min and the demand for the sample was about 2 mL. It turned out that the linear range of response in the low concentration region was 0. 15-100 mg/L, the linear equation was i(μA)=3. 974c (mg/L)+0. 2295 (r = 0. 9991) and the detection limit was 0. 04 mg/L. The linear response range in the high concentration region was 100-450 mg/L, and the linear equation was i(μA)=1. 938c (mg/L)+ 230. 9 (r = 0. 9877). Compared with the national standard method (GB11914-89) for measuring the actual water samples (Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Nanjing tap water), the correlation between them was quite good and the analysis time was dropped to 1/100. This new sensing system provided an environmentally friendly and portable method for detection of COD without using expensive, highly corrosive and toxic reagents.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the rule and possible mechanism of epidermal proliferation in wound edge of deep partial thickness scald injury in rat.

METHODSTwenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats inflicted with deep partial thickness scald were randomized into pre-scalding, 3 post-scalding day (PSD), 7PSD and 14PSD groups, with 6 rats in each group. Skin specimens from the wound edge were harvested for the observation of the histological characteristics of the epidermis. Cell cycles of epidermal cells were analyzed with flow cytometry. The expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin B1, cdk4 and the histone H1 kinase activity of MPF in epidermal cells were determined by Western blotting.

RESULTSAugmentation of nuclei and nucleoli was found in the epidermal cells from the wound edge in 3PSD group, while increased number of epidermal cells with obviously augmented nuclei and nucleoli were found in 14PSD group. The percentage of the cells in S phase increased in 14 PSD group. The percentage of epidermal cells in G2/M phase began to increase in 3PSD group, and that in 7PSD (4.5 +/- 0.6) and 14PSD (5.4 +/- 1.0) groups were obviously higher than that in pre-scalding group (2.9 +/- 1.1, P < 0.05). The expression of cyclin D1 increased significantly in 3PSD group. The expression of cdk4 decreased in 3PSD group, but began to increase in 14PSD group. There was no difference in the expression of cyclin B1 among groups. The MPF activity was significantly increased in 14PSD group.

CONCLUSIONThere was enhanced DNA synthesis and mitosis in epidermal cells of rats with deep partial scald during early post-scald stage, and active proliferation of epidermal cells was observed on 14PSD. The expression of cyclinD1/cdk4 complex and the activity of MPF increased since 14PSD, indicating that there was a special regulative pattern during wound healing.

Animals ; Burns ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; pathology ; Wound Healing