Objective To study the possible relationship between the psychological health of children with hematuria and their mothers.Methods Sixty children with hematuria were tested with podiatric symptom checklist(PSC),and the findings were compared with 60 healthy children.The mothers of the patients were assessed by self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),compared with the mothers of healthy children.Results The scores of PSC in patients were higher than those in healthy children(P

Objective To investigate the effects of PM2.5 on tear film function and corneal epithelial structure in mice.Methods Totally 24 male BALB/c mice (24 eyes) were divided into two groups:group A (with PBS eye drops,n =12),group B (5 mg · mL-1 PM2.5 eye drop group,n =12).PBS and PM2.5 eye drop were given with four times per day for 7 consecutive days in right eye.Tear secretion level was measured with phenol red thread.Break-up time (BUT) of tear film was tested,and corneal fluorescein staining (FL) was scored before therapy and 1 day,4 days and 7 days after droppings and HE staining was performed 7 days after droppings,respectively.Results There was no significant difference in the tear secretion levels,BUT,FL between the groups A and B before treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).At 4 days,7 days after treatment with PM2.5,the mean differences of the group B showed all items significantly changed compared with those before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05).For the group A,there was no statistical change in tear secretion levels,BUT,FL at 7 days after treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).There were statistical differences in all items between group A and B at each time point (all P ＜ 0.05).At 7 days after therapy,the mean layers of corneal epithelial cells in the group A (4 ± 1) was significantly lower than that in the group B (7 ±l) (P ＜0.05).The group B showed that the whole corneal fluorescein staining obviously increased,and corneal epithelial cell layer was thickened.Conclusion PM2.5 can influence tears film function and damage the corneal epithelial structure in mice.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of BVT. 2733 on insulin resistance, by using diet-induced obese (DIO) mice model. Methods After having been balanced for 3 days, the C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal diet group and a high-fat diet (HFD) group. After 20 weeks, the obese mice were further randomly divided into an obese control group, a BVT. 2733 group and a pioglltazone (PGZ) group and they were orally administered with placebo, BVT. 2733 and PGZ separately for two weeks.Adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression levels from adipose tissue were analyzed with real-time quantitative PCR. The levels of plasma glucose, serum insulin and adiponectin were measured with biochemical technology, radioimmunoassay and ELISA. Adipocyte sizes were observed with immunohistocbemistry.Results The body weight, plasma glucose and serum insulin levels raised(P<0.05)in the HFD group and the adipocyte sizes were bigger. Serum insulin levels significantly reduced (P<0.05) and adipocyte sizes reduced, while plasma adiponectin level raised (P<0.01)in the two treatment groups as compared with those in obese controls. Both the mRNA expressions of adiponectin and leptin upregulated(P<0.05)in the PGZ group, but their expressions in the BVT. 2733 group did not alter significantly. The body weight of the mice reduced significantly in the BVT. 2733 group. Conclusion BVT. 2733 can reduce body weight significantly and improve insulin resistance, but cannot influence the expression of adipocytokines.

Objective To investigate the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) + 1444C/T, CRP + 1059G/C polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis ( CP ) in a Han Chinese population. Methods Clinical periodontal parameters[ attachment loss( AL) probing depth(PD) and bleeding on probing(BOP) ] , and serum CRP levels were examined in CP patients (re = 126) and healthy subjects ( n = 113). Results The mean serum CRP level [ (1. 74 ± 1. 67) mg/L] was significantly higher in the CP group than in the control group [ (0. 57 ± 0. 39) mg/L] , P < 0. 001. In the control group, serum CRP levels were significantly lower in subjects with the CRP + 1059 GC and CC genotypes than those with the CRP +1059 GG genotype (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between genotypes in the CP group. In CP and the control groups, serum CRP levels were significantly higher in subjects with the CRP + 1444 CT and TT genotypes compared to those with the CRP + 1444 CC genotype (P <0. 5). The percentage of CRP + 1059 C allele was 6. 7% (17/252) in the CP group and 4. 9% (11/226) in the control group. The percentage of CRP + 1444 T allele was 6. 3% (16/252) in the CP group and 5. 3% (12/226) in the control group (P > 0. 5). There was no significant difference between groups in both allele frequencies (P > 0. 5 ). The association of CRP + 1059G/C, CRP + 1444 C/T polymorphisms with CP was not found in a regression model ( P > 0. 5). Conclusions The presence of a CRP + 1059C-allele was associated with lower serum CRP levels and the presence of a CRP + 1444T-allele was associated with higher serum CRP levels. However, the data suggested that CRP + 1059G/C, CRP + 1444 C/T polymorphisms were not significantly associated with serum CRP levels of chronic periodontitis patients in ethnic Han Chinese.

Objective:Tacrolimus prolonged-release(PR) formulation is a new once-daily formulation of the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus,which is currently used in adult liver or kidney transplant patients,and is also gradually widely used in children with nephrotic syndrome.The present study was undertaken to preliminarily investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of tacrolimus PR in pediatric nephrotic syndrome recipients.Methods:This single-center open-label prospective study was performed in pediatric nephrotic syndrome recipients.Pharmacokinetic samples were collected from eight pediatric subjects with nephrotic syndrome from Department of Pediatric Nephrology in Peking University First Hospital between June and August 2011.They followed administration of single oral doses of tacrolimus PR formulation at 0.02 mg/kg (n =2),0.05 mg/kg (n =2) and 0.10 mg/kg (n =4).Blood samples were taken before the dose and 1,2,4,6,8,10,12 and 24 h after drug intake.No other medicines or interacting food or drinks were taken during the study period.Blood concentrations were measured using an enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique.Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using WinNolin Phoenix software Version 6.0 (Pharsight,Cary,NC,USA).Results:The pharmacokinetic data were best described by a non-compartment model.Pharmacokinetic parameters of tacrolimus PR formulation in the 3 ascending doses groups (0.02 mg/kg,0.05 mg/kg and 0.10 mg/kg) were as follows:the maxi mum drug concentrations (Cm=/D) were (1.7 ± 1.0) μg/L,(3.1 ± 1.9) μg/L,(8.0 ± 3.5) μg/L,respectively;Areas under the drug concentration-time curve (AUCo-∞/D) were (47.2 ± 47.1) h · μg/ L,(84.0 ± 13.1) h · μg/L,(175.6 ± 107.1) h · μg/L,respectively;Oral clearance rates were (0.8±0.9) L/(h·kg),(0.4±0.1) L/(h · kg),(1.9 ±1.3) L/(h · kg),respectively;Body weight normalized distribution volumes were (7.0 ± 3.4) L/kg,(12.4 ± 8.4) L/kg and (73.6 ± 68.6) L/kg,respectively.Both mean Cmax normalized level for the administered dose (Cmax/D) and mean AUC0-∞ normalized level for the administered dose (AUC0-∞/D) were higher in the 0.05 mg/kg dosage group than in the 0.02 and 0.10 mg/kg dosage group.There were two peaks in the drug concentrations in every dose group;a primary peak appeared at the end of about 2 h followed by a small secondary peak at h 12,which was more noticeable in the 0.10 mg/kg dose group than in the two lower dosages.Conclusion:The pharmacokinetic characteristics of tacrolimus PR formulation were initially explored in pediatric patients with nephritic syndrome.The data presented form a basis for subsequent larger scale studies on pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus PR formulation in nephritic syndrome children.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the apoptosis in placenta tissues of patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy and its relationship with Bcl-2, TGFbeta1, and to explore the etiology of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy. METHODS: Forty-five placenta samples were obtained from pregnancies with hypertensive disorder (15 gestational hypertension, 15 mild preeclampsia, and 15 severe preeclampsia) and 45 normal placenta tissues were enrolled from the third-trimester pregnancies. Immunohistochemistry (SP method) was used to study the expression of Bcl-2 and TGFbeta1 in human trophoblasts. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) was used to quantify the incidence of apoptosis in human trophoblasts. RESULTS: The apoptosis rate and TGFbeta1 expression in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy group was higher than that in the control group, but the Bcl-2 expression was significantly lower than the control group (all Ps<0.01). With the aggravation of this illness, the apoptosis rate and TGFbeta1 expression in the gestational hypertension group, mild preeclampsia group, and severe preeclampsia tended to be increasing, but the Bcl-2 expression was decreasing (P<0.001). The apoptosis of placenta villi and TGFbeta1 expression were positively correlated in the severe preeclampsia group and mild preeclampsia group,but the apoptosis of placenta villi and Bcl-2 were negatively correlated (all Ps<0.05). TGFbeta1 and Bcl-2 expressions in the severe preeclampsia group and mild preeclampsia group were negatively correlated (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Apoptosis of the placental trophoblasts of pregnancies with hypertensive disorder is evidently enhanced. The TGFbeta1 expression increases and the Bcl-2 expression decreases. The imbalance between TGFbeta1 and Bcl-2 expression may induce the hypertensive disorder.
Adult ; Apoptosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; metabolism ; Placenta ; cytology ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of surface roughness and titanium dioxide (TiO2) layers on commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) substrates on attachment of osteoblasts in vitro.

METHODS250 pure titanium slices were divided into five groups. Osteoblasts were cultured on five cp-Ti substrates of ground, which blasted with 108-130 microm (S1), 216-301 microm (S2), 356-411 microm (S3) TiO2 particles and titanium-sprayed plasma (TPS) surfaces, surfaces prepared by hand grinding with SiC paper to 600 grits served as control (S0). Surface average roughness and the TiO2 film structure was evaluated. For morphology and attachment measurement, osteoblasts were cultured for 1, 4, 12 and 24 h, evaluated by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) observation and MTr assay.

RESULTSOsteoblasts spread well on the titanium surfaces. Further more, osteoblasts spread more well on S3 surfaces. After 1 and 4 h culture, the number of cells on S3 surfaces was the highest (P < 0.05). The number of cells on S3 surfaces was the same (P > 0.05) as TPS surfaces and higher than other groups (P < 0.05) after 12 and 24 h. The number of cells of all experimental groups were higher than S0 surfaces after 4, 12 and 24 h (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIt was concluded that the coarse TiO2 particles blasted surface would optimize initial osteoblast responses.

Cell Differentiation ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Osteoblasts ; Surface Properties ; Titanium

OBJECTIVETo establish a urinary proteomic map on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (2-DE) in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS).

METHODSThe proteins from INS children were purified by four various means, separated by 2-DEand stained by silver.

RESULTSThe sequential preparation of urinary proteins by acetone precipitation and dislysis, when the sample was 300 microg, resulted in a clear background, well-resolved and reproducible 2-DE urinary protemic map in children with INS.

CONCLUSIONSA steady 2-DE technique for urinary protemic map in children with INS was established, which can be effectively applied in urinary proteomics of the disease.

Child ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; urine ; Proteinuria ; urine ; Proteomics ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study and identify the protein markers in the urine of children with steroid-sensitive (SSNS) and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome(SRNS).

METHODSTotal urinary proteins were extracted from children with SSNS before and after steroid therapy, SRNS, and healthy children (n=5 in each group). Urinary proteins were separated by immobilized pH gradient based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The silver-stained 2-DE gels were scanned with digital Image Scanner and analyzed with Image Master 2-DE Elite 3.01 software. Peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of differential protein spots was obtained with MALDI-TOF-MS. Proteins were identified by Mascot software based on NCBI protein database.

RESULTSThere were 66 spots with different expression of protein between SRNS children and SSNS children before steroid therapy, and 24 spots and 27 spots only occurred in SRNS children and SSNS children before steroid therapy, respectively. There were 75 spots with different expression of protein between SSNS children after steroid therapy and healthy controls, and 11 spots only occurred in SSNS children after steroid therapy. Eighteen protein spots with different expression (6 spots in each nephrotic group) were chose and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS, and 9 types of proteins were identified.

CONCLUSIONSNine types of urinary proteins with different expression (6 spots in each nephrotic group) were identified between SRNS and SSNS children, and they might be the biomarkers for SRNS or SSNS.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Drug Resistance ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; drug therapy ; urine ; Proteomics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin ; urine ; bcl-X Protein ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo determine the dynamic release of tinidazole from the degradable poly-lactic acid (PLLA)-tinidazole blend gel (a periodontal local drug delivery) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in vitro and to observe the polylactic acid (as a vector of tinidazole) how to affect the release of tinidazole.

METHODSHPLC analysis was conducted. The operating conditions were C18-ODS-A column, water-methanol-acetic acid as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min and a detection wavelength at 310 nm and a column temperature at 30 degrees C.

RESULTSThe retention time of tinidazole was about 12 min. There was good linear relationship between the concentrations of tinidazole in blend gel and their peak areas in the ranges of 5 - 500 mg/L. The regression reaction was y = 0.836 + 8.452 2 x 10(-5) x (r = 0.998 6). RSD was 0.2%. Polylactic acid had no influence on the determination of tinidazole. The daily average release of tinidazole was 5.60%. The cumulative release of tinidazole was about 78.40% in 14 days.

CONCLUSIONThe in vitro drug release analysis is an useful method in evaluating the performance of local drug delivery system. HPLC analysis is a simple and accurate method with good reproducibility.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Lactic Acid ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tinidazole