Objective:To compare the anti-obesity effect of green tea and black tea polyphenols and investigate their molecular mechanisms. Method:Rats were divided randomly into four groups:control group,high-fat group,high-fat diet with green tea polyphenols(GTP) supplement group,and high-fat diet with black tea polyphenols(BTP) supplement group. Body weight was determined every 2 w. After 3 months,the changes of epididymal fat tissues weight and serum lipids were observed. Expressions of those genes associated with adipocyte differentiation in epididymal fat tissues of rats were measured by real-time transcription-polymerase chain reaction,including pref-1,aP2,TNF-?,leptin,PPAR-?,C/EBP-? . Results:Both GTP and BTP prevented the increase of body weight and fat induced by high-fat diet and profoundly down-regulated those adipocyte-specific genes,including aP2,TNF-?and leptin. In addition,GTP also up-regulated the pre-adipocye marker — pref-1 and reduced the expression of transcription factor,peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor(PPAR-?) . Conclusion:Tea polyphenols could prevent obesity by reversing the adipocyte differentiation,and GTP possessed stronger inhibitory effect than BTP.

Objective: To investigate the effect of (-) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and black tea polyphenols on the lipid metabolism related gene expression profile of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Method: The total RNA was isolated from HepG2 cells treated with EGCG (5? mol/L), black tea polyphenols (5?g/ml) or 0.1%DMSO (control) for 8 h and was hybridized to Human 14k cDNA microarray for gene expression profile analysis. Real-time RT-PCR was conducted to confirm microarray data. Results: A total of 13 and 29 genes related to lipid metabolism showed differential change after EGCG or black tea polphenols treatment respectively, of which six genes showed consistent expression. The results of real-time PCR were consistent with the microarray data. Conclusion: The mechanism(s) by which EGCG and black tea polyphenols exerts its effects on lipid metabolism are comprehensive. The novel target identified in this study may provide new evidence for further investigation in the hypolipidemic effects of tea polyphenols.

Objective To examine the effect of Pu-Erh tea extract(PTE) on genes expression of lipogenesis in white adipose tissue of rats fed high fat diet.Method Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=10):the control group(basal diet);the high fat group(high fat diet);the PTE group(high fat diet + Pu-Erh tea extract).Body weight and adipose tissue were measured.Expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism was assessed in adipose tissue.Results PTE supplementation prevented diet-induced increases in body weight and adipose tissue.Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1(DGAT1),stearoyl-CoA desalurase-1(SCD1) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c) mRNA levels were markedly decreased in adipose tissue of rats fed PTE.Conclusion This study shows for the first time that Pu-Erh tea extract prevents diet-induced obesity,and this effect is partly mediated via a direct influence on adipose tissue.

To prepare PLGA fiber scaffolds by electrospinning process and investigate the influence of preparation parameters on the structure of the scaffolds. With the compound of THF and DMF as the solvent, the PLGA fiber scaffolds with different surface morphology were fabricated via altering PLGA solution concentration, flowing rate and applied electric field strength. The morphology and diameter of the fibers were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The biocompatibility of cell-scaffold complex was also evaluated by seeding human dermal fibroblasts onto the PLGA fiber scaffolds, including cell adhesion and proliferation. The results show that the diameter of fibers and the bound of distributing increase with the increase in the concentration of PLGA solution. As the flowing rate increases, the diameter of fibers increases. However, with the increase in the applied electric field strength, no significant difference in the diameter of the fiber can be observed. Furthermore, both the increase in the concentration of PLGA solution and applied electric field strength in the volume range of current investigation can lead to the reduction in the beads formation within the scaffold. The results of in vitro cell culture on the PLGA scaffolds also confirm that the PLGA fiber can support the adhesion and proliferation of huaman dermal fibroblasts.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of RNA interference with transferred pshRNA/PHB on the biological characteristics of paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS: Western blot and real time-PCR were used to assay the expression of PHB protein and mRNA in SKOV3/Taxol-25 and SKOV3 cell lines. The SKOV3/Taxol-25 cell lines were transiently transfected by 3 target-specific small hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference fragments with fluorescent protein named the pshRNA427/PHB1, pshRNA248/PHB2, and pshRNA136/PHB3. The empty plasmid transfection via vehicle Lipofectamine2000 served as a negative control. The expression levels of PHB protein and mRNA were detected by Western blot and real time-PCR after the transfection for 48 h. The silence effect of PHB1 and PHB3 groups was obvious. PHB1, PHB3, and the negative control groups were used for the following experiments. MTT and flow cytometry assay were used to test the cell proliferation, IC50 of paclitaxel, and cell apoptosis in the 3 groups. RESULTS: The expression levels of PHB protein and mRNA (2(-ΔΔCt)) were significantly higher in SKOV3/Taxol-25 cell line than those in SKOV3 cell line (P<0.05). The expression levels of PHB protein and mRNA were significantly lower in the PHB1 and PHB3 groups than those in the negative control group (P<0.05). The cell proliferations in the PHB1 and PHB3 groups were obviously slower than those in the negative control group after transfection for 48 h and 72 h (P<0.05). The IC50 of paclitaxel in the PHB1 and PHB3 groups significantly decreased after transfection for 72 h compared with the negative control group(P<0.05). The cell apoptotic rate in the PHB1 and PHB3 groups significantly increased after transfection for 48 h compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The shRNA/PHB can effectively suppress the expression of PHB gene in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. The cell proliferation in paclitaxel-resistant cell lines with removed PHB gene is significantly reduced. The apoptotic rate and the paclitaxel sensitivity of resistant cell lines with removed PHB gene are significantly increased. PHB gene is related to paclitaxel-resistance and interfering PHB gene expression may reduce paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo screen microRNA (miRNA) profiles of malignantly transformed cells induced by anti-benzo-a-pyrene-trans-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, 10-epoxide (BPDE) and to look for miRNAs which is expressed differently between malignantly transformed cells and normal human bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE.

METHODSExperimental group was the malignantly transformed 16HBE which was induced by cultured with final concentration 2.0 micromol/L of BPDE which was dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide. The control group was 16HBE that was cultured with minimal essential medium including dimethyl sulphoxide. 327 miR-NAs were tested be-tween those two groups with miRNA microarray analysis. MiR-10a that was down expressed and miR-320 that was overexpressed were selected to be validated by miRNA specific quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase chain reaction (miR qRT-PCR).

RESULTS327 human miRNAs were tested with miRNA microarray analysis. 55 miRNAs were found expressing differently between those two groups and of which 46 were overexpressed and 9 were down expressed. Some data were validated by quantitative RT-PCR.

CONCLUSIONmiRNAs expressed significantly between malignantly transformed 16HBE and normal cells and this helps us look for unique miRNAs of malignantly transformed cells induced by BPDE, but there should have more sufficient evidences to prove their functions in malignant cells.

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide ; adverse effects ; Bronchi ; cytology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; chemically induced ; genetics ; pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic value of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in patients with conscious disturbance due to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with respiratory failure. MethodsForty-two patients with conscious disturbance due to COPD complicated with respiratory failure were selected in the study. GALILEO or PAPHAEL large EMT ventilator produced by Switzerland Hamilton Company was used for noninvasive mechanical ventilation with P-SIMV+PSV+PEEP mode. Meanwhile, the change of vital signs, consciousness, the degree of inspiratory muscle fatigue and blood gas indexes were observed before and after treatment. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was applied to evaluate the consciousness, and scale for accessory muscle use was adopted to measure the degree of inspiratory muscle fatigue. ResultsAll the patients were treated successfully. Compared with admission, the pH value, the pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and the arterial oxygen pressure/inhaled oxygen concentration (PaO2/FiO2)were significantly improved 2 hours, 4 hours and 24 hours after treatment. The respiration rate and heart rate were markedly decreased 24 hours after treatment, which indicated that the condition of the patients tended to be stable and the patients could endure the therapy. The average GCS was increased from 5.69-1-0.93 to 10.45±1.23 (t= 31.68, P<0.001), and the state of consciousness was improved significantly. The scale for accessory muscle use was decreased from 3.70±0. 45 to 2. 06±0. 52 (t = 31.21, P < 0. 001), and the respiratory muscle fatigue was relieved. ConclusionsNoninvasive mechanical ventilation has obvious clinical curative effect on severe infection and conscious disturbance due to severe COPD complicated with respiratory failure.

Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most important type of hemorrhagic stroke,and its mortality and disability rate are the highest among all types of stroke.Secondary hematoma enlargement is an independent risk factor for early neurological deterioration and poor outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.This article reviews the predictive factors and possible mechanisms of hematoma enlargement in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage from the aspects of clinical features,laboratory examination,and imaging examination.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical manifestations, genotypes, and genetic characteristics of two pedigrees with Kennedy disease.

METHODSThe clinical data of the patients from two Kennedy disease families were collected. The numbers of trinucleotide CAG repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor gene were determined by DNA sequencing and repeat fragment analysis.

RESULTSFamily A was composed of 58 individuals in 4 generations. The proband had onset at 39 years old. There were two Kennedy disease patients in family B which included 61 individuals in 5 generations. The two patients had onset at 39 and 41 years old, respectively. All the three patients displayed limbs and bulbar muscular weakness because of the damage of lower motor neurons. They had androgen insensitivity syndrome in common, and showed mild or moderate increase in serum creatine kinase level. The electromyogram showed wild damage in anterior horn of spinal cord. Muscle biopsy displayed neurogenic muscular atrophy. The numbers of the CAG repeat expansion in the androgen receptor gene of the three patients were 49, 48, and 47, respectively. X-linked recessive mode of inheritance was demonstrated by pedigree analysis in the two families.

CONCLUSIONKennedy disease usually occurs in mid-adulthood man. The clinical features are the weakness and wasting of limbs and bulbar muscles. Genetic analysis contributes to diagnosis and identification of carriers, and is beneficial to genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; Biopsy ; Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; genetics ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electromyography ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscles ; pathology ; Pedigree ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

Objective To study sleep characteristics in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) through polysomnography (PSG). Methods Twenty-five TLE patients (TLE group) and eighteen healthy volunteer subjects (control group) were recruited to our study. Patients of two groups were evaluated by whole-night PSG, including total time in bed (TIB), total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep latency (SL), rapid eye movement latency (REML), wake after sleep onset (WASO), the percentages of non-REM (NREM) 1, 2 and 3 stages and the percentages of rapid eye movement (REM) occupied TST (N1％, N2％, N3％and REM％), the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), hypopnea index, mean oxygen saturation (SpO2) and nadir SpO2, periodic leg movements (PLMs) index and PLMs index of REM sleep, sleep stage shifts (SSS) and sleep stage shifts per hour (SSS/h), NREM1, NREM2, NREM3 and REM sleep stage and wake shifts (abbreviated as N1, N2, N3, REM and W) and their proportions of SSS (abbreviated as N1/SSS, N2/SSS, N3/SSS, REM/SSS and W/SSS). Results Compared with control group, WASO, PLMs, PLMs index of REM sleep, SSS, SSS/H and N2 were significantly increased in TLE group. Moreover, compared with control group, SpO2 was decreased in TLE group (P<0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that TLE patients have sleep disorder manifested as disorder of sleep structure, increased incidents of respiratory and motion events.