Objective To explore the smoking behavior and its influencing factors of young male smokers with stroke,and set basis for further smoking cessation intervention.Methods 209 male smokers(≤45 years old) with stroke were randomly chosen,the information of demographic factors and smoking behaviors from medical files was got.Results Older people were more likely to be heavy smokers,the biggest percent (45.2％) of heavy smokers came from more than 40 years old people.Smoking consumption per day was affected by age,education and occupation,significant differences were found.Conclusions More than 40 years old patients in young male smokers with stroke should be focused in the intervention of smoking cessation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of staged nursing intervention on smoking behavior in young male adult patients with first attack of stroke.Methods 89 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (46 cases) and the control group (43 cases).In the intervention group,the patients were given staged nursing intervention based on their psychological stages in hospital and 11-week followup.The outcome of smoking cessation was evaluated three months after discharge.Results The rate of smoking cessation in the intervention group was higher than that of the control group.Smoking abstinence for the intervention group was more than the control group.FTND (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence) scores were significantly different between two groups.Conclusions The staged nursing intervention is feasible for young male adults with stroke.We should increase secondary prevention consciousness and strengthen the implementation of relevant countermeasures.

Cadmium ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Metallothionein ; biosynthesis ; Ubiquitin ; biosynthesis

Objective To examine the effect of Pu-Erh tea extract(PTE) on genes expression of lipogenesis in white adipose tissue of rats fed high fat diet.Method Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=10):the control group(basal diet);the high fat group(high fat diet);the PTE group(high fat diet + Pu-Erh tea extract).Body weight and adipose tissue were measured.Expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism was assessed in adipose tissue.Results PTE supplementation prevented diet-induced increases in body weight and adipose tissue.Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1(DGAT1),stearoyl-CoA desalurase-1(SCD1) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c) mRNA levels were markedly decreased in adipose tissue of rats fed PTE.Conclusion This study shows for the first time that Pu-Erh tea extract prevents diet-induced obesity,and this effect is partly mediated via a direct influence on adipose tissue.

Objective To explore the possible effects of nutritional supplements on brain function as reflected by Water Maze test performance in mice after +Gz exposure.Method Mice were arranged into control group (group A),+Gz group without nutritional supplementation (group B) and +Gz plus nutritional supplementation group (group C).Each group contains 12 mice.Mice in group A were not exposed to +Gz while mice in both group B and group C were exposed to 8 min +10 Gz.Distilled water was gavaged to group B mice 3 h before +Gz exposure.On the day before +Gz exposure pyridoxol fortified water was given and 3 h before exposure mixed amino acids solution were gavaged to group C mice.Water Maze test was done and scores were recorded in all groups.After the Water Maze test was completed,blood was collected through the eyes for serum amino acid determinations and brain tissue was collected by decollation for monoamine determination and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity evaluation. Result After +Gz exposure,longer completion time and more mistakes were observed in Water Maze test in group B as compared with group A and a trend of improvement in group C was noticed. The ratio of brain 5-HT to dopamine(DA) was significantly reduced in group C as compared with group B.Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity in brain tissue in group C and group B increased significantly. Conclusion High sustained +Gz exposure significantly reduces Water Maze test performance in mice (longer completion time and more mistakes).It seems that there is a trend of improvement in Water Maze performance in mice in dietary nutritional supplementation group,which might be due to significant reduction in ratio of brain 5-HT to DA in mice with nutritional supplementation.

Objective To explore the clinicopathological characteristics of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients association with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods Between Jan 2009 and Dec 2010,536 patients (390 males and 146 females with mean age of 63 years) underwent surgical treatment at our institute for pathologically proven non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.The clinical and pathological data of these patients were reviewed,and the relationships of these factors and CKD were analyzed.Presence of CKD was confirmed in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)＜ 60ml/(min · 1.73 m2)calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation.Results Of the 536 consecutive cases,57 patients (10.6％) had CKD.Compared to the patients without CKD,there were more females and older patients in the patients with CKD (52.6％ vs 24.2％ and 69 years vs 62 years,both P ＜ 0.05).The patients with CKD proned to have multiple bladder tumor (71.9％ vs 50.9％,P ＜ 0.05) and synchronous upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (7.0％ vs 2.3％,P ＜0.05).The history of bladder cancer and upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma were also predominated in these patients (43.9％ vs 29.0％ and 40.4％ vs 6.5％,both P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionConcurrent CKD in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients is associated with greater risk of multiple tumors in urinary tract,particularly in female patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the tube voltage and radiation dose as well as image quality in adult upper airway digital radiography (DR).Methods We used CDRAD2.0 contrast details phantom and PMMA to simulate adult upper airway. With different tube voltages,the phantom was exposed using automatic exposure control system (AEC).The entrance surface dose( ESD),dose area product(DAP) and mAs in every exposures were recorded.The image quality factors(IQF) of all images were calculated. Results With tube voltage increasing,ESD,DAP,mAs decreased and IQF value enhanced.There were statistically significance ( F =45.15,26.41,29.26,56.53,P ＜ 0.05 ).ESD,DAP,mAs significantly increased with tube voltage less than 75 kV,began to decrease when tube voltage more than 75 kV,tended to be on the balance in 75 -80 kV.At the same time,the fluctuation of IQF value was no statistical difference in 50 - 75 kV of tube voltage,but was statistical significance in 75 -90 kV( F =11.35,P ＜0.05 ).So,the image quality of adult upper airway with different tube voltage had no significant difference.Conclusions The appropriate tube voltage was 75 kV to 80 kV in the upper airway DR.The IQF value can be provided as the clinical evaluation index of image quality.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA-HOTAIR in prostate cancer cells and its effects on the growth and metastasis of the cells.

METHODSUsing quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), we determined the relative expression of HOTAIR in the normal human prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-I and prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145. We detected the effects of HOTAIR on the cell cycle and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells by RNA interference, flow cytometry, and Transwell mitration assay.

RESULTSThe expressions of HOTAIR in the PC3 and DU145 cells were increased 3.2 and 5.7 times, respectively, as compared with that in the normal RWPE-1 cells. After si-HOTAIR interference, the prostate cancer cells were arrested in the G2 phase and downregulated in the G1 phase. The invasive ability of the prostate cancer cells was evidently inhibited, with the inhibition rates of 32% and 44% of the PC3 cells and 43% and 34% of the DU145 cells for si-HOTAIR1 and si-HOTAIR2, respectively.

CONCLUSIONIncRNA HOTAIR is highly expressed in prostate cancer, which is associated with the growth and invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. HOTAIR is potentially a novel marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.

Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Division ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; G1 Phase ; G2 Phase ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated ; metabolism

Objective To explore the association of Crohn's disease (CD) with T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) gene polymorphisms in patients of Zhejiang Han population in China.Methods A total of 308 CD patients and 573 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in our study.Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Tim-3 (rs1036199 and rs10515746) were examined by the improved multiple ligase detection reaction technique (iMLDR).Analyses of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype were also performed by Haploview 4.2 software in all study subjects.Results In general,the allele and genotype frequencies of Tim-3 (rs1036199 and rs10515746) were not statistically different between CD patients and the controls (all P ＞0.05).According to the Montreal Classification,CD patients were divided into different subgroups.The variant allele (C) and genotype (AC + CC) of rs1036199 were more frequent in CD patients with penetrating diseases than in the controls (10.4％ vs 1.7％,P =0.002;20.8％ vs 3.5％,P =0.023).Similar conclusions were also drawn for the variant allele (A) and genotype (CA + AA) of rs10515746 in patients with penetrating diseases when compared with the controls (10.4％ vs 2.2％,P =0.000;20.8％ vs 4.2％,P =0.033,respectively).The two SNPs of Tim-3 were in strong linkage disequilibrium (D'=1.0,r2 =0.928).The haplotype (AC) formed by their wild-type alleles (A) and (C) was decreased in patients with penetrating CD compared with the controls (89.6％ vs 98.3％,P =0.000).However,the haplotype (CA) formed by their variant alleles was more frequent in patients with penetrating CD than in the controls (10.4％ vs 1.6％,P =0.000).Conclusions Tim-3 (rs1036199 and rs10515746) variations might be correlated with the enhanced risk of penetrating diseases in CD patients.Furthermore,the haplotype (AC) and (CA) formed by the two SNPs might be a protective and a risky factor for penetrating CD respectively.

Objective To explore the association of genetic polymorphism of fucosyltransferase (FUT) 2 and FUT3 and expression of Lewis antigen with ulcerative colitis (UC) in Chinese Zhejiang Han population.Methods We genotyped FUT2 (rs281377, rs1047781 and rs601338) and FUT3 (rs28362459, rs3745635 and rs3894326) in 485 UC patients and 580 healthy controls using SNaPshot. By immunohistochemistry method, we also evaluated expression of Lewis a and b antigens in the sigmoid colon of 10 UC patients and 10 patients with benign colonic polyps.Results The frequencies of mutant allele (A) and genotype (GA+AA) in FUT3 rs3745635 were higher in UC patients than in controls (P=0.016, 95%CI 1.339-1.699;P=0.038, 95%CI 1.330-1.742, respectively). Stratified analyses revealed that the frequencies of mutant allele (G) and genotype (TG+GG) of FUT3 rs28362459 were significantly lower in patients with extensive colitis than in those with distal colitis (P=0.001, 95%CI 0.567-0.786;P<0.001, 95%CI 0.503-0.742, respectively). Similar conclusions were drawn for the mutant allele (A) and genotype (GA+AA) of FUT3 rs3745635 in patients with extensive colitis compared to those with distal colitis (P=0.011, 95%CI 0.621-0.900;P=0.006, 95%CI 0.553-0.845, respectively). Although expression of Lewis b antigen in the sigmoid colon did not differ between UC patients and controls, Lewis a antigen expression was higher in the crypt epithelium of both inflammatory and non-inflammatory sigmoid colon of UC patients than in controls (P=0.028).Conclusion Polymorphisms of FUT3 and expression level of Lewis a antigen might be associated with UC.