Asthma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Signal Transduction

Objective: To probe into distribution on characteristics of TCM syndromes and syndromes elements of menopausal syndrome.Methods:The literature about menopausal syndrome in past 20 years were collected.The principle of evidence-based medicine was used to establish the databank with EpiData2.0,and the literature meeting the enrolled criteria were recorded and checked.SPSS12.0 software was adopted to analyze frequency-times of syndromes and syndromes elements.Results:The top three syndromes are yin-deficiency of both liver and kidney,yin-deficiency of kidney,yang-deficiency of kidney;The kidney,liver,and heart are the top three locations of syndromes elements;And yin-deficiency,yang-deficiency and fire are the top three pathogenesis types of syndromes elements.Conclusion: Distribution of TCM syndrome types of menopausal syndrome is scattered.It lead to clinical syndrome differentiation is complicated.Compared with it,syndrome elements can reflect the substance of disease more concise and active.

Traditional processes are mostly adopted in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation production and the quality of products is mostly controlled by terminal. Potential problems of the production in the process are unpredictable and is relied on experience in most cases. Therefore, it is hard to find the key points affecting the preparation process and quality control. A pattern of research and development of traditional Chinese medicine preparation process based on the idea of Quality by Design (QbD) was proposed after introducing the latest research achievement. Basic theories of micromeritics and rheology were used to characterize the physical property of TCM raw material. TCM preparation process was designed in a more scientific and rational way by studying the correlation among enhancing physical property of raw material, preparation process and product quality of preparation. So factors affecting the quality of TCM production would be found out and problems that might occur in the pilot process could be predicted. It would be a foundation for the R&D and production of TCM preparation as well as support for the "process control" of TCMIs gradually realized in the future.
Drug Compounding ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; trends ; Quality Control ; Research ; standards ; trends ; Research Design ; standards ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards

The object of this study is to preparate the berberine hydrochloride (BBH) resin compound with taste masking effect. We took the BBH as the model drug and Amberlite IRP69 as the drug carriers, uncovered the curve of solubility of BBH in different cosolvent with a certain range of temperature, and then used it to calculate the parameters during the preparation of the complex such as adding quantity of BBH and the reaction temperature. Afterwards, the characteristic and in vitro release experiments were studied to verify the formation and predict the in vivo release behavior of the complex. The results showed that in the condition of using 60% ethanol as a cosolvent and stirring at 50 ℃ for 1 h, the drug loading and drug availability of the complex are at about 35% and 64%, respectively, and has a better taste-masking effect. In this study, a method was provided for preparing a taste-masking preparation of BBH.

Objective To investigate The Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 polarization in the peripheral blood of first degree relatives of pemphigus vulgaris(PV) and healthy control individuals, and to approach the mechanism of the Dsg3-specific autoimmunity in PV. Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from first degree relatives and healthy control was stimulated for72 h with Dsg3 and without Dsg3. Th1/Th2, Tc1/Tc2 was assessed by four-color flow cytometry. Results The mean frequency of Dsg3-spe-cific Th2 cells for PV antibody positive first degree relatives was 10.13%±3.72%, compared with stimula-tion without antigen 7.28%±3.58%, the difference was significant (P<0.05). The percentage Dsg3-spe-cific Th2 was markedly higher in the PV antibody positive first degree relatives group than that in the control group(10.13%±3.72% vs 6.10%±2.82%, P<0.05) , Tc2 was markedly higher also (20.01%± 10.43% v514.91%±8.06%, 20.01%±10.43% vs 9.58%±5.49%, P<0.05). Conclusion When Dsg3 stimulated PBMC were used to stimulate autologous T cells an increased amount of Th2 and Tc2 was observed, it is implied that the imbalance of Th1/Th2, Tc1/Tc2 might play an important role in the initia-tion of PV.

Facing current situation of integrative medicine (IM), authors put forward that clinical and diagnosis program of IM could be carried out from clinical path, pathogenesis, treatment theory and philosophy, and so on, but with different integration degrees. Meanwhile, formulation of concrete program should be disease-targetedly set up, and adjusted from person to person, from place to place, from time to time. As for settled IM program , authors could evaluate it from whether Chinese medicine and Western medicine have formed complementary, synergistic, excitatory actions, and toxicity attenuation; whether more problems could be solved in efficacy, safety, practicability, and economy than previous single mode.
Critical Pathways ; Integrative Medicine ; trends ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends

Objective To investigate the feasibility of using low volume of low concentration isotonic contrast medium for 320 row coronary CT angiography.Methods 64 patients whose heart rate 70 beats per minute or less,normal cardiac rhythm,BMI≤24 kg/m2 were scanned using a 320 row dynamic volume CT with the tube voltage of 100 kVp and injection of contrast medium with a concentration 270 mg I/mL.Prospective ECG gating technique and adaptive iterative dose reduction algorithm reconstruction were used.In group A,22 patients were injected 50 mL contrast medium by a rate of 5.0 mL/s.In group B,21 patients were injected with the dosage of contrast medium calculated by 0.7 mL/kg and injection rate was 4.5 mL/s.In group C,21 patients were injected with the dosage of contrast medium calculated by 0.6 mL/kg and the injection rate was 4.0 mL/s.The attenuation value,signal-to-noise(SNR),con-trast-to-noise ratio(CNR),image quality and iodine intake between three groups were compared using One-Way ANOVA .Results There was no significantly statistical difference of age,sex ratio,BMI,heart rate between the three groups (P >0.05).However,the dosage of the contrast agent and different injection time had statistical significance (P <0.05).The attenuation value from group A to group B and then to group C was on the decline,the CT value of group A was obviously higher than that of group B and group C,and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05),and there was no significantly statistical difference between the group B and group C (P >0.05).The image quality,SNR and CNR in three groups did not have significant difference (P >0.05).The total iodine and iodine injection rate were lowest in group C.Conclusion In 320 row coronary CT angiography with 100 kVp tube voltage and iterative reconstruction algorithm,the patients whose heart rate 70 beats per minute or less,BMI≤24 kg/m2 injected the low concentration of contrast medium by 0.6 mL/kg dose injection can give a good image quality which can meet the diagnostic requirement.Mean-while,it can also reduce the iodine intake and the risk of contrast induced nephrology (CIN).

Objective To understand the present condition of preclinical dental undergraduate in-terns' AIDS-related knowledge. Methods The questionnaire was designed referring to domestic and foreign relevant questionnaires. The cluster sampling method was used to conduct the questionnaire survey among the undergraduates who started their clinical internship in July 2016 in three domestic colleges, using SPSS 14.0 statistical software to analyze it. Results In this survey, 144 questionnaires were distributed, and 144 ones were filled out and sent back. The survey results suggested that 97.22％ (140) of interns held a posi-tive attitude towards aiding HIV-infected patients despite that 96.53％ (139) of interns knew that dental medical staff was considered to be highly susceptible with HIV. In spite of the fact that most interns knew AIDS-related knowledge and protection measures, 40.28％ (58) of interns were not clear about incubation period of AIDS, and the average awareness of children's AIDS and methods to disinfect HIV-infected dental instruments was less than half in the interns. Meanwhile it was found that 86.81％ (125) of interns didn't perform well in terms of complying with the principles of confidentiality in AIDS prevention and treatment. Conclusion Dental clinical interns' attitudes towards AIDS-infected patients should be praised. Further-more, they should accept education about infection control to have a deeper understanding about AIDS-related clinical manifestations and legal knowledge in order to reduce the probability of nosocomial infec-tion of AIDS.

OBJECTIVETo explore the biomarkers and inflammatory characteristics for microcosmic syndrome differentiation of cold-phlegm syndrome (CPS) and heat-phlegm syndrome (HPS) in patients with bronchial asthma.

METHODSPatients with bronchial asthma of chronic persistent condition were distributed into three groups according syndrome differentiation, the CPS group (27 patients), the HPS group (32 patients) and the non-cold/heat-phlegm syndrome group (NP group, 31 patients), besides, a control group was setup with 33 healthy persons. Percentages of neutrophils and eosinophils (NEU, EOS) in sputum sample (collected by induction) and peripheral blood were counted; and levels of interleukin-8, -5, and -4 (IL-8, IL-5 and IL-4), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), leukotriene B4 (LT-B4), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in sputum supernatant and serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSPercentage of NEU in sputum of HPS group was higher than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05); while percentages of EOS in serum and sputum of CPS group were higher than that in the other three groups (all P < 0.01). Level of ECP (a parameter closely associated with EOS) also was high in the CPS group, but IL-8 (a parameter closely associated with NEU) showed no significant difference in various groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, the CPS group showed a higher serum IL-4 (P < 0.05) but a lower IFN-gamma/IL-4 level as compared with those in the NP group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPhlegm, which is considered by Chinese medicine as an inveterate root of asthma, might be closely related with the inflammation in modern medicine. The inflammatory characteristics of asthma in patients with CPS partially present as increase of EOS, possibly show Th2 dominant trend, similar to that presented in eosinophilic asthma. Asthma with HPS embodies increase of NEU in respiratory tract. EOS and ECP might be the important markers for microcosmic syndrome differentiation of CPS, and NEU might be that for HPS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asthma ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein ; metabolism ; Eosinophils ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophils ; pathology ; Young Adult

Background Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a serious ocular disease which may cause blindness.The primary pathogenesis of NVG is ischemic retinopathy derived by central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).Clinical characteristics of NVG are variable based on the difference of primary diseases,such as CRVO and DR.However,there is a few studies regarding the diffcrcnces of NVG initiated by CRVO and DR.Objective This study was to compare the clinical characteristics in NVG patients secondary to CRVO and DR.Methods A series case observational study was carried out in Hiserve Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2009 to June 2012.Twenty-nine eyes of 27 patients with NVG caused by CRVO (10 eyes of 10 patients) and DR (19 eyes of 17 patients) were included.The history of underlying diseases,course of NVG,intraocular pressure(IOP),fundus findings and complications after treatment were analyzed and compared between the CRVO-derived NVG and DR-derived NVG.All patients underwent panretinal photocoagulation,improving microcirculation therapy,anti-glaucoma (drug or surgery) and causative disease treatment,and some of them received vitrectomy or/and cataract surgery.Two eyes from each group received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab.The follow-up time in both groups was (14.00±10.13) months and (17.89±12.52) months,respectively.Results The median time of underlying disease was 3.3 months (2 weeks to 6 months) in the CRVO patients and 11.1 months (4 to 36 mouths) in the DR patients,with a significant difference between them (Z =-2.40,P＜0.05).CRVO-derived NVG progress was much faster than that of DR-derived NVG.The number of the eyes with visual acuity improvement after treatment was 2 in the CRVO-derived NVG and 15 in the DR-derived NVG;while the number of the eyes with unchanged or worse visual acuity was 8 and 4 in the CRVO-derived NVG eyes and the DR-derived NVG eyes (x2 =9.38,P＜0.01).The difference of IOP in pre-and post-treatment was (37.00±9.91)mmHg in the CRVOderived NVG eyes and (8.92±12.05)mmHg in the DR-derived NVG eyes,showing a significant difference between them (t =6.30,P＜0.01).In the CRVO-derived NVG eyes,optic disc edema,retinal hemorrhage,and vein dilatation were seen in 6 eyes,and mild optic disc edema and retinal hemorrhage were observed in 4 eyes.After treatment,fundus could not be seen in 4 eyes,in other 2 eyes optic disc and retinal laser spots were unclearly observed.In addition,pale optic disc and retinal vessel occlusion appeared in 2 eyes,and silver wire-like arteries exhibited in 2 eyes.In pre-treated DR-derived NVG eyes,fundus could not be seen in 8 eyes and Ⅲ-Ⅳv stages of DR findings appeared in 11 eyes.After treatment,retinopathy was stabilized in 16 eyes of 15 cases.Advanced retinopathy(V-Ⅵ stages of DR findings) was revealed in 3 eyes of 3 cases.The incidence of the complication after treatment was 100.0％ in the CRVO-derived NVG eyes and 21.1％ in the DR-derived NVG eyes (x2=5.18,P＜0.05).Conclusions The clinical characteristics of NVG secondary to CRVO and DR are variable,an appropriate treatment option should be selected according to different features of NVG.