Objective To screen the differential proteins in the brain (neocortex and hippocampus) between the rats with cortical dysplasia (CD) and control ones,and investigate the role of their alteration in the development of epilepsy in CD.Methods Cortical dysplasia was induced in rat pups via in utero delivery of BCNU.A two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)-based approach was used to construct the expression profiles of proteins in both the neocortex and hippocampus at different age groups (postnatal day 7 and 60) and to detect proteome changes between CD rats and control ones.Following gel image analysis,protein spots that differed in abundance between CD and control rats were identified by using Matrx-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS.Results A total of 57 kinds of protein were screened out (P ＜ 0.05),in which 35 were found up-regulated and 22 were down-regulated compared with the control,35 from neonatal stage (postnatal day 7) and others from adult stage.Finally,12 among them were identified,including tubulin,alpha-lB,Beta-actin,tubulin beta-2A,GAP-43,UbCKmit,GAPDH and TMBr-3,etc.Conclusions Changed expression of specific proteins which were found in our study are involved in construction of brain 's cytoskeleton,synaptic function,mitochondrial function and so forth.Thus,they may be related to the pathogenic mechanisms of epileptogenicity of CD.

Hepatectomy ; methods ; Hepatic Veins ; surgery ; Humans ; Liver ; surgery

Two patients underwent liver transplantation of blood type incompatibility were collected from Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. Case 1: A male who had primary hepatic carcinoma underwent classic orthotopic liver transplantation; the blood of donor was type A, and the blood of recipient was type O. Case 2: A female having history of type B hepatitis underwent classic orthotopic liver transplantation due to pregnancy combining with severe liver disease and coagulation disorder; the blood of donor was type B, and the blood of recipient was type O. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to observe pathological changes and deposition of various immunoglobulin and complement in two cases following liver transplantation of blood type incompatibility under optic microscope and to investigate diagnostic standard of humoral rejection. The results showed that linear or granular depositions of IgG, IgM, IgA, C4c, C4d, and Clq were found in endothelial cells of hepatic sinusoid, suggesting that IgG and other immunoglobulin exhibited a strongly positively diffused deposition on the endothelial cells of hepatic sinusoid, while expression of C4d and other complements was also found. All those mentioned above could be considered as evidences to prove onset of humoral rejection in transplanted liver tissue.

Tumor cell plasticity, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse program, mesenchymal to epithe-lial transition (MET), regulates circulating tumor cells and carcinoma metastasis. Twist is overexpressed in rhabdomyosarcoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and other tumors. Twist, as a transcriptional factor, cross-talks with multiple signaling pathways, forming a com-plex network to participate in the regulation of EMT/MET in circulating tumor cells, which in turn promotes metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, monitoring the level of Twist and epithelial–mesenchymal phenotypic molecules is important as it may be beneficial for in-creasing the detection ratio of circulating tumor cells as tumor biomarkers and for evaluating the effects of anticancer drugs.

Objective To evaluate the long-term outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) during hospitalization after cardiac surgery.Methods 1 770 patients underwent cardiac surgery in Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital from April 2009 to February 2011 were enrolled.Based on the Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline of AKI,the patients were divided into the AKI and the nonAKI groups,and followed up for 2 years.The 2-year survival rate and incidence of the advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) was compared between the two groups.Factors influencing the 2-year survival rate and incidence of the advanced CKD were also analyzed.Results Among all the patients,715 (40.4％) of them were developed AKT.(1) The 2-year survival rate of the AKI group was lower than that of the non-AKI group (83.2％ vs 93.6％ ;P ＜0.05).Compared with the non-AKI group,AKI group had an increased risk for death with the hazard ratio of 1.710 (95％ CI 1.250-2.340).COX regression analysis showed that AKI was an independent factor for death with the risk intensity just less than diabetes and chronic cardiac insufficiency.The advanced age,the preoperative history of chronic cardiac insufficiency and the time of staying in ICU also significantly increased the risk of death.(2) Compared with patients without AKI (0.2 ％),the incidence of the 2-year of advanced CKD was higher in patients with AKI (6.7 ％ ; P ＜ 0.05) with an hazard ratio of 31.220 (95 ％ CI 7.550-129.110).COX regression analysis showed that AKI was still the independent risk factor for advanced CKD after adjustment of other factors.In addition,diabetes,the time of the cardiopulmonary bypass and the time of staying in ICU were also associated with the risk for the advanced CKD.Conclusions AKI is common after cardiac surgery,which was associated with a decrease in the 2-year survival rate and an increase in the incidence of advanced CKD of patients,which emphasized the importance of prevention and treatment of AKI,and close follow-up of renal function for the improvement of patient long-term prognosis.

Objective To investigate the association of ulcerative colitis (UC) with fork head/ winged helix transcription factor-3 (Foxp3) polymorphisms in Han population in Zhejiang province,China.Methods A total of 381 UC patients and 490 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.The four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Foxp3 (rs3761547,rs2232365,rs2294021,rs3761548) were examined by SNaPshot.The analyses of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype were also performed in all study subjects.Results When male and female UC patients were compared with their corresponding controls respectively,the alleles and genotypes of the four SNPs were not statistically different (all P ＞0.05).According to severity and location of the disease,the UC patients were divided into different subgroups.The alleles (C,G,A) of (rs2232365,rs2294021,rs3761548) were more frequent in male patients with severe UC than in the male controls (69.6％ vs 34.3％,P =0.001;69.6％ vs 34.3％,P =0.001;39.1％ vs 14.4％,P =0.002,respectively).As compared with the female controls,the alleles (C,G,A) and genotypes (TC + CC,AG + GG,CA + AA) of (rs2232365,rs2294021,rs3761548) were significantly increased in the female patients with severe UC (51.9％ vs 38.0％,63.5％ vs 39.2％,53.8％ vs21.4％,80.8％ vs57.7％,84.6％ vs58.4％,76.9％ vs34.7％,all P＜0.05).The four SNPs above were shown to be in a strong LD both in male and in female subjects.When male and female UC patients were compared with their corresponding controls respectively,nevertheless,each haplotype frequency was not statistically different (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Foxp3 (rs2232365,rs2294021,rs3761548) variations might engender the increased risk of severe UC in Chinese Han patients.

The Practice Parameters for the Management of Perianal Abscess and Fistula-in-ano from USA(2011) and German guidelines for anal abscess (2012) are based on the evidence and specialists consensus from colorectal field. Standardization of the anal abscess management may simplify the anal fistula treatment. This review is to concepts from other countries and guide the treatment in China.
Abscess ; Anus Diseases ; China ; Drainage ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Rectal Fistula

OBJECTIVETo explore the differences of electroacupuncture (EA) on onset time and symptom improvement for treatment of different types of functional constipation.

METHODSThirty-eight cases of constipation were selected, including 9 cases of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C), 10 cases of slow transit constipation (STC), 10 cases of pelvic floor dyssynergia (PFD) and 9 cases of inadequate defecatory propulsion (IDP). The electroacupuncture was applied at Tianshu (ST 25), Fujie (SP 14), Shenshu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25) and so on in abdominal and lumbosacral area, 5 times per week, 10 times as a treatment course. The onset time, score of clinical symptoms of constipation and improvement of every symptom in each group were compared.

RESULTS(1) The onset time was (1.78 +/- 0.83) days in IBS-C type, (3.11 +/- 1.90) days in IDP type, (4.10 +/- 1.85) days in STC type and (4.30 +/- 2.00) days in PFD type, indicating statistical differences between IBS-C type and STC type, IBS-C type and PFD type (both P < 0.05). (2) Compared before the treatment, the total scores of symptoms on the onset day in each group were all improved (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and score of IBS-C type was superior to the rest 3 types (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (3) EA improved desire to defecate or frequency of defecation in each type (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), in which both were improved in STC type and PFD type, and the improvement of defecation frequency was more significant in STC type (P < 0.01). EA relieved unsmooth defecation or pendant-expansion feeling in each type (all P < 0.05), in which both were improved in IBS-C type (both P < 0.05). EA relieved abdominal distension and pain in IBS-C type, STC type and PFD type (all P < 0.05), while its effects were not obvious on defecation difficulty, defecation time and defecation texture (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe electroacupuncture for treatment of 4 types of constipation is characterized by rapid onset; the improved symptoms are not identical in the electroacupuncture treatment plan for each type of defecation; the main improvement of symptoms are lied on desire to defecate and frequency of defecation, unsmooth defecation or pendant-expansion feeling and abdominal distension and pain. Meanwhile the improvements of defecation texture, defecation difficulty and defecation time were not signi-ficant.

Adult ; Aged ; Constipation ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Defecation ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Floor Disorders ; complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Translations

ObjectiveTo clarify the clinicopathological features of renal amyloidosis in order to achieve early diagnosis and treatment.MethodsClinicopathological data of 26 biopsyproven renal amyloidosis cases in Department of Nephrology,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University between2006and2010wereanalyzedretrospectively.Immunohistochemistryand immunofluorescence of amyloid A protein,immunoglobulin light chains such as K、λ were performed on renal specimens for further classification.ResultsAge of 26 patients ranged from 40 to 77 years old,average(58.54±10.07) years.Twenty-two out of 26 patients(84.62％) were treated in local hospital before admitted to our department,and 21 patients(95.45％) were misdiagnosed as chronic primary glomerulonephritis.The prominent clinical manifestations of renal amyloidosis were nephrotic syndrome(17 cases,65.38％),decreased blood pressure(16 cases,61.53％),organ enlargement (8 cases,30.77％) and bodyweight loss (6 cases,23.08％).Fourteen out of 25 patients (56.00％) were found to have monoclonal light chains in serum by immunofixation electrophoresis.Three patients with mild pathological changes who had no confirmable Congo red stain were conffimed by electron microscopy. Twenty-three(88.46％) patients werediagnosed as AL amyloidosis,one(3.85％) as AA amyloidosis,one was strongly suspected of hereditary amyloidosis,and one was undetermined.ConclusionsRenal amyloidosis is frequently misdiagnosed.Middleaged and old nephrotic patients with decreased blood presure,organ enlargement and bodyweight loss may be the most helpful clues of the disease.Most patients have monoclonal light chains in serum or urine.Renal biopsy,especially electronic microscopy plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of renal amyloidosis.Immunohistochemistry is important for patients with renal amyloidosis in pathological classification and treatment.