Congresses as Topic ; Pediatrics ; United States

Death of nerve cells after cerebral ischemia have a variety of forms,including cell necrosis occurs immediately in ischemic core area and the subsequent apoptosis and autophagy induced by oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the course of reperfusion.After cerebral ischemia,a variety of different molecular mechanisms eventually lead to cell death,and the process involves several signaling pathways.Intervention of different forms and mechanisms of cell death may alleviate cell death after cerebral ischemia.

As an intracellular energy sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in maintaining the energy balance of the cells and organisms. Initially, the effects of AMPK on the processes of pathophysiology in diabetes, obesity and other metabolic diseases were well studied. In recent years, the roles of AMPK in the pathophysioiogical processes, including distribution and acidosis, oxidative stress injury and apoptosis in brain tissue have received increasing attention. At the same time, it also found that artificially regulates the AMPK activity after stroke may change the outcome of neurons. Therefore, AMPK is expected to become a new target in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

As an important component of the “neurovascular unit”,astrocytes provide protective effect for nervous through intaking excessive excitatory amino acids,providing energy substances,maintaining extracellular K + and water balance,scavenging oxygen free radicals and secreting neurotrophic factor during ischemic stroke.This article elaborates the mechanisms of astrocytes participating in ischemic stroke in recent years.

Objective To observe the effects of dorsiflexion ankle foot orthotics (d-AFO) on pelvic control of hemiplegic patients by analyzing the time-space gait parameters and 3D pelvic motion parameters.Methods Fifteen hemiplegic patients (14 male and 1 female) were enrolled in this study.The time-space gait parameters and pelvic 3D motion parameters were collecte with a Motion Analysis System while the patients were asked to walk under 3 conditions:wearing d-AFO (5°dorsiflexion),f-AFO (0°dorsiflexion) or barefoot.Results It was found that,while wearing d-AFO,the velocity,the paralyzed step length and the nonparalyzed step length were significantly increased,and the step width was significantly decreased when compared with those while walking barefoot (P ＜ 0.05).Comparison between wearing d-AFO and f-AFO showed that the sagittal and coronal plane inclinations,but not the transverse rotation of pelvis were significantly decreased when wearing the d-AFO (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions d-AFO can significantly improve pelvis control and increase gait stability in hemiplegic patients.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture plus drug anesthesia on pain and stress response in patients after radical surgery for stomach cancer.Methods: A total of 60 patients were randomized into a control group and an observation group by the random number table, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional drug anesthesia. The observation group was given additional electroacupuncture intervention. Before anesthesia and 2 h, 12 h and 24 h after surgery, the visual analog scale (VAS) was scored, the heart rate, the mean arterial pressure, and the levels of serum β-endorphin (β-EP) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) were measured. Results: Two hours, 12 h and 24 h after surgery, the VAS scores of both groups were higher than those before anesthesia (all P<0.05), and the VAS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at the same time points (all P<0.05). Two hours, 12 h and 24 h after surgery, the heart rates and mean arterial pressures in the control group were significantly higher than those before anesthesia (all P<0.05), while there were no significant intra-group differences in the observation group (all P>0.05), and the indicators were lower than those in the control group at the same time points (all P<0.05). Two hours, 12 h and 24 h after surgery, the serum β-EP levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those before anesthesia (all P<0.05), and significantly higher than those in the control group at the same time points (all P<0.05). Two hours, 12 h and 24 h after surgery, the serum ACTH levels in the control group were significantly higher than those before anesthesia (all P<0.05), and were significantly higher than those in the observation group at the same time points (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Electroacupuncture plus drug anesthesia can significantly relieve pain and stress response in patients after radical surgery for stomach cancer.

Objective:The study aims to screen chemosensitivity-associated proteins in colorectal carcinoma tissues by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry,then identify some differentially-expressed proteins. Methods:The patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma were confirmed by clinical diagnosis. Fresh carcinoma specimens were collected by biopsy and preserved in liquid N2. The tissues were classified into two groups: high sensitivity group (HS) and low sensitivity group (LS) based on drug sensitivity test. The total proteins were extracted and separated by 2-DE. The images were composed, compared, and differentially analyzed to identify the proteins with differential expression in HS and LS groups. Then the differentially-expressed protein spots were incised from the gels and digested by trypsin. The peptide mass fingerprintings (PMF) was acquired after matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and the proteins were identified by data searching in the Mascot database. Two proteins with differential expression were detected by Western blotting.Results:The 2-DE spectrum of HS and LS groups were established. Most protein spots were distributed in the area with pH 4-8 and relative molecular weight of (20-100)×10~3. The average number of the protein spots was 842±23 in HS group and 793±19 in LS group,respectively. The mean matching rate was 90.7%. The number of differentially-expressed dots between HS and LS group was 79.00±13.56. Thirty protein dots were selected for mass spectrum and bioinformatic analysis, and 9 proteins were identified. Conclusion:Colorectal carcinoma with different chemosensitivity had differential protein expression profiles. The differentially expressed proteins may be associated with chemosensitivity and could be used for prediction of chemosensitivity of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release from PC12 cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) and its mediated inflammatory response in BV2 cells.Methods PC12 and BV2 cells were cultured,respectively.The PC12 cells were used to induce a model of oxygen glucose deprivation for 12 h and reoxygenation for 24 h.After giving 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) 5,50 and 100 μmol/L as well as Compound C 0.1,1 and 10 μmol/L activation or inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation,respectively,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was used to detect the PC12 cell activity.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the HMGB1 release level in the PC12 cell culture media.After OGD/R in each group,the PC12 culture media were acted on normal cultured BV2 cells for 24 h respectively.Westem blotting and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the NFκB inhibitory protein (inhibitor of NFκB,IκB) phosphorylation level and TNF-α release level in BV2 cells,respectively.Results After OGD/R,the PC12 cell activity was decreased significantly (68.84％±6.60％ vs.100.04％ ± 8.82％;P ＜ 0.01);the AMPK phosphorylation level was increased significantly (1.95 ±0.39 vs.1.00 ±0.20;P＜0.05),and the extracellular HMGB1 release was increased significantly (287.66 ± 26.42 pg/μl vs.53.05 ± 9.11 pg/μl;P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the OGD/R group,AICAR 100 μmol/L significantly increased the survival rate of PC12 cell after OGD/R (78.6％ ± 3.75％ vs.68.84％ ± 6.60％;P ＜ 0.05),promoted AMPK phosphorylation (3.32 ± 0.66 vs.1.95 ± 0.39;P ＜ 0.01),and reduce the release of extracellular HMGB1 (164.06 ± 12.77 pg/μl vs.287.66 ± 26.42 pg/μl;P ＜0.01).In contrast,Compound C 10 μmol/L significantly reduced the cell survival rate of PC12 (40.44％ ±3.79％ vs.68.84％ ±6.60％;P ＜0.01),inhibited AMPK phosphorylation (1.07 ± 0.21 vs.1.95 ± 0.39;P＜0.05),and increased the release of HMGB1 (337.97 ± 18.9 pg/μlvs.287.66 ± 26.42 pg/μl;P＜0.01).The conditioned medium from the AICAR 100 μmol/L group significantly inhibited IκB phosphorylation (1.68 ±0.51 vs.3.09 ± 0.10;P ＜ 0.05) and reduced the release of TNF-α (669.53 ±38.58 pg/μlvs.841.76 ± 45.82 pg/μl;P＜ 0.05) in BV2 cells.The conditioned medium from the compound C 10 μmol/L group significantly promoted IκB phosphorylation (4.98 ± 1.24 vs.3.09 ± 0.10;P ＜0.01) and increased the release of TNF-α (1 035.32 ± 128.06 pg/μl vs.841.76 ± 45.82 pg/μl;P ＜0.05) in BV2 cells.Conclusions Promoting AMPK phosphorylation activation may reduce the release of HMGB1 from PC12 cells after OGD/R,and inhibit its mediated NF-κB inflammatory pathway and reduce the release of TNF-αin BV2 cells,and thus reducing neuroinflammatory injury.On the contrary,inhibiting AMPK phosphorylation may promote the release of HMGB1 from PC12 cells after OGD/R and aggravate its mediated inflammatory reaction in BV2 cells.

Objective To investigate the expression of paired box2(Pax2),proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and cell apoptosis in steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant groups with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS) and to find out the action of Pax2 expression in PNS with steroid-resistance.Method The expressions of Pax2,PCNA were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and cell apoptosis by fluorescence micoscope.Results Pax2 expression in renal tubule had a positive correlation with PCNA expression in steroid-sensitive group.In steroid-resistant group,Pax2 expression had no correlation with PCNA.Pax2 had a negative correlation with cell apoptosis.Conclusions Pax2 proper expression facilitate PCNA expression and repair tubulointerstitial lesions in steroid-sensitive group.Renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation coordinated with cell apoptosis.Pax2 overexpression in steroid-resistant group lead to the decrease of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis and lead to the severe tubule lesions,which made to glucocorticoid resistance.

Objective To summarize the experiences of Nuss procedure with thoracoscope for repairing pectus excavatum.Methods 21 cases of pectus excavatum were treated by Nuss procedure with thoracoscope.In these patients,10 had symmetric pectus excavatum and 11 had asymmetric one.Results The operation in all patients were successful.The mean operating time wag(70.7±9.6)min and the mean intraoperative blood loss was(20.3±10.9)ml.The average hospital length of stay was(5.3±1.1)days,the average durante dolors was(6.9±4.0)days.The exceUent rate was 81.0%(17/21),including 90.0%(9/10)in symmetric pectus excavatum and 72.7%(8/11)in asymmetric pectus cxcavatum.Conclusion Nuss procedure is easy to perform,with minimal invasion,short operating time,and less blood loss.Nuss procedure is suitable for the symmetric pectus excavatum.