Objective To investigate the pathogens of acute respiratory infection of children.Methods A total of 159 children with acute respiratory infection who were hospitalized in our department from August 2005 to January 2006 were involved in this study.The serum IgM antibody of 18 pathogens were detected by indirect immunofluorescence test.The 18 pathogens included respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),adenovirus(ADV),influenza A(H1N1,H3N2)and B viruses,parainfluenza viruses(PIV) type 1,2,3 and 4,coxsackie virus B1(CBV1),coxsackie virus A7(CAV7),echovirus(ECHO7),haemophilus influenzae(HI),klebsiella pneumoniae(KP),bordetella pertussis(BP),bordetella parapertussis(BPP) and legionella pneumophila serotype 1 and 12.Results The evidence of specific IgM was obtained in 103 of 159 patients(64.78%).Influenza A was found in 66 cases(64.08%),influenza B in 49 cases(47.57%),enterovirus in 26 cases(25.24%),RSV in 18 cases(17.48%),PIV in 11 cases(10.68%),and co-infection in 66 cases(64.08%),1/ 3 of them were co-infected with influenza A and B.Conclusions Viruses are the most common agents of acute respiratory infection.Influenza virus is predominant among them.

Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; metabolism ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Silicon Dioxide ; toxicity ; Silicosis ; metabolism

Objective To observe the effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on apoptosis of human fibrob- last-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis (HFLS-RA) and to study the mechanism.Methods HFLS-RA were cultured with standard medium as control group or with mediums supplemented with 0.5,2,8?mol/L ATO respectively.The apoptosis of HFLS-RA cultured for 72 h with different concentrations of ATO were in- vestigated under electron microscope.Apoptosis exponent was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transf erase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL).To detect the proliferation of HFLS-RA euhured with ATO,MTr assay were carded out in 5 consecutive days.Moreover,the NF-kB mRNA level of HFLS-RA was measured by RT-PCR after treated with ATO for 24 h.Results ATO induced the apoptosis of HFLS-RA. Apoptosis exponent was increased in a dose dependent manner in TUNEL experiment,especially in the cells treated with 2 and 8?mol/L ATO (P＜0.05).HFLS-RA proliferation was inhibited in both dose and time de- pendent manner when cultured with ATO.Meanwhile,the NF-kB mRNA level was decreased in ATO treated groups,which was especially significant in mediums cultured in higher than 2?mol/L ATO (P＜0.05).Con- clusion ATO depresses the proliferation of HFLS-RA and may increase the apoptosis by decreasing the ex- pression of NF-kB mRNA.These findings suggest that ATO have the potential to be a novel therapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective To set up a system in vitro to rapidly recover plasma proteins lost during artificial-liver treatment.Methods The polyprotein precipitation was obtained by all proteins whose isoelectric point pH value were between 7.3 and 5.1,which collided with each other and aggregated using gradient pH co-precipitation(adding 1 mol/L citric acid slowly in the plasma solution to change the pH values gradually from 7.3 to 5.1 in 5 h)combined with salting out(degree of saturation of NaCl is 33%,reacted for 5.5 h at 4℃)or low-temperature ethanol precipitation(40% ethanol, reacted for 5.5 h at -7℃)so that to get rid of toxicants by discarding the supernatant.Results In the range of pH 5.1-7.3,50%(29g/57g)of the total plasma proteins had been recovered by the gradient pH salting out and 41%(25 g/61g)by the gradient pH low-temperature ethanol co-precipi- tation.The protein remained in the supernatant was mostly albumin and its combined bilirubin.The levels of total bilirubin decreased to 0.07% and 0.06% of the original levels by these two methods respectively and the serum HBV DNA level decreased to be undetected(quantitative PCR).Conclu- sions The proteins with close isoelectric point can co-precipitated with the presence of high concen- tration of NaCl or low-temperature ethanol and by changing the pH value gradually.The total protein in the discarded plasma during artificial-liver treatment can be recovered rapidly using the gradient pH coprecipitation.

OBJECTIVE: To test the technical parameters of GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit for its application to forensic application value and to investigate the genetic polymorphisms. METHODS: The validation was conducted in sensitivity, mixed samples, species specificity, adaptability, survivability, consistency, peak height balance and stability. The amplification and detection of the genomic DNA from 373 unrelated individuals from Beijing Han nationality were extracted by automation workstation. RESULTS: Global-Filer® PCR Amplification Kit was adaptive to some mixed, degraded and inhibited samples. The power of sensitivity and adaptability and peak height balance showed well. The distributions of genotype frequencies for 21 STR loci in the population were all in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The PIC value of the 21 STR loci was among 0.536 to 0.940; the H value was among 0.558 to 0.933; the DP value was among 0.783 to 0.992; the PE value was among 0.243 to 0.874. CONCLUSION GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit is suitable for criminal cases and DNA database in forensic practice. And 21 STR loci in Beijing Han nationality have high polymorphism, which have application value in forensic practice and population genetics.
Asian People/genetics* ; Beijing ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Ethnicity ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Loci/genetics* ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproducibility of Results ; Species Specificity

With the deepening of research in recent years, tumor metabolic reprogramming has gradually become the focus of research, and targeting tumor cell metabolism has also become a new means of tumor therapy. The metabolic process affects almost all the physiological processes of the organism, and lipid metabolism is an important part of the metabolic process. Studies have shown that changes in lipid uptake, storage and fatty acid synthesis and decomposition have occurred in a variety of tumors. Abnormal lipid metabolism will promote the rapid proliferation of tumors. Abnormal expression of a variety of key metabolic enzymes in the process of lipid metabolism is the key to tumor progression. The purpose of this paper is to explain the metabolic regulation of lipid metabolism and related metabolic enzymes in hematological tumors, and to provide ideas for the treatment of hematological tumors.

Nanocrystal drugs have many advantages, such as no carrier materials, easy industrialization, diversified dosage forms, and can significantly improve the solubility and bioavailability of insoluble drugs, so many drugs have been on the market. The traditional nanocrystal preparation technology has the problems of low preparation efficiency and process limitation of the smallest achievable particle size. With the progress of pharmaceutical preparation technology, the preparation technology of nanocrystal drugs is constantly improving, and new preparation technologies are constantly emerging. The emergence of new technologies has greatly shortened the process time and makes it possible to prepare nanocrystal drugs with smaller particle diameters. In this paper, the preparation technologies of nanocrystal drugs, especially the new preparation technologies such as high gravity controlled precipitation, microfluidic reaction technology and various combination technologies, are reviewed from three aspects: "Top-down" technology, "Bottom-up" technology and combination technology. This article also prospects the development of new preparation technologies, hoping to provide reference for the related research of nano-preparations.

Objective To study the influence of electro-acupuncture(EA)at Zusanli points(足三里穴) on the apoptosis of thymocytes in rats with abdominal infection and its mechanism.Methods A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into four groups,including normal control group,model group,non-acupoint group and Zusanli group.The abdominal infection model of rat was made by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP).After abdominal cavity infection for 36 hours,the apoptosis of thymocytes was observed under electron microscope and light microscope,and the apoptosis ratio of thymocytes was determined by Annexin V-PI method with flow cytometry technique.The content of Bcl-2 protein of thymocytes and concentration of corticosterone in plasma were determined.Results Abdominal infection resulted from CLP could significantly increase the apoptosis of thymocytes and lead to the typical histopathological changes of apoptosis of thymocytes under electron microscope and light microscope.Apoptosis ratios of thyrnocytes in model group[(44.7?3.3)%],non-acupoint group[(42.7?3.0)%]and Zusanli group[(32.6?3.3)%] were significantly higher than the ratio in the control group[(21.2?2.3)%,all P0.05).Abdominal infection resulted from CLP also could reduce the content of Bcl-2 protein of thymocytes.The content of Bcl-2 protein of thymocytes in model group(71.2?5.6),non-acupoint group(73.5?5.9)and Zusanli group(82.4?6.8) were significantly lower than normal control group(95.3?6.3,all P

OBJECTIVETo study the killing effects of the liposome-mediated thymidine kinase (TK)/ganciclovir (GCV) system on MG-63 osteosarcoma (OS) cells and its bystander effects.

METHODSLiposome-mediated TK gene transfected into MG-63 OS cells, the efficiency of transfection was analyzed by flow cytometry and observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. Non-transfected osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were divided into three groups,in the experimental group 1 transfected TK/GCV cells cultured in solutiona liquid mixture by supernatant by 1/10,1/7,1/5,1/2 ratio to original broth; in the experimental group 2 transfected cells cultured in solutiona liquid mixture of supernatant filtered through 0.22 microm filter by 1/10,1/7, 1/5, 1/2 ratio to original broth, in control group the transfection cells cultured in original culture solution. Cell growth inhibition rate and osteosarcoma cell sensitivity to TK/GCV system were measured by MTT assay in each group.

RESULTSThe TK gene was transfected into MG-63 OS cells successfully by liposome-mediated, flow cytometry instrument detection TK gene transfection cell transfection efficiency can reach 75.5%. Six days later the MTT assay showed that in the experimental group 1 inhibition rate of all concentration ratio of the mixed culture fluid were statistically significant as compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and in the experimental group 2 that of the 1/10 and 1/7 of concentration ratio of mixed culture medium was not statistically significant as compared with the control group (P > 0.05). TK gene transfected MG-63 cells increased with the the GCV concentration,the cell apoptosis rate increased.

CONCLUSIONThe experiment demonstrated that the MG-63 OS cells are sensitive to the liposome-mediated TK/GCV system and bystander effects are significant.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Bone Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Bystander Effect ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Ganciclovir ; toxicity ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; enzymology ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; toxicity

Background Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved proteins that are induced in cells when confronted with a wide variety of proteotoxic stresses.HSP27 has a high degree of similarity with α-crystallin protein.The abnormality of HSP27 structure and expression are closely related to the formation of cataracts.Our previous study showed sodium salieylate has the protective effect on H2O2-induced lens damage.Objective This study was to investigate the roles of MAPK signal pathway in sodium salicylate-induced the expression of HSP27 in human lens epithelial cells (LECs) in vitro.Methods Human LECs were incubated in the fresh media containing sodium salicylate at different concentrations (0-55 mmol/L) for different times (1-5 hours) and allowed to be recovered in fresh medium without sodium salicylate for 1-24 hours with or without pretreatment with P38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) and JNK/SAPK inhibitor ( SP600125). The expressions of P38MAPK, EBK1/2, JNK/SAPK, phosphorylated P38MAPK, phosphorylated ERK1/2, phosphorylated JNK/SAPK and HSP27 were detected by Western blot. HSP27 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of HSP27 was also detected by immunohistochemistry. Results There was only weak expression of HSP27 in normal human LECs.After stimulation of 35-55 mmol/L sodium salicylate was removed and human LECs were cultured again for 6 hours,the expression of HSP27 in LECs were significantly increased ( F= 509. 953,P<0. 01). HSP27 was absent expressed in human LECs in 55 mmol/L sodium salicylate stimulation for 1-5 hours groups, but LECs were re-cultured for 3,6 hours after removed the stimulation, the expression of HSP27 was elevated (F = 452. 534, P<0. 01). Activation of P38 M APK occurred after sodium salicylate stimulation 30 minutes and 1 hour ( F = 865.68, P<0. 01). However, ERK 1/2 was expressed after sodium salicylate was eliminated for 1-6 hours ( F = 388.84, P<0. 01). JNK/SAPK was inactived by sodium salicylate. The expression of HSP27 could be down-regulated with the pretreatment of SB203580 and PD98059. Conclusion Sodium salicylatc can induce the expression of HSP27 in human (LECs) . The effects are mediated,at least in part ,through the activation of P38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathway .