The contents of the individual fractions of glucose oligosaccharides were determined simultaneously by means of reversed-phase HPLC. The sample was dissolved in water and filtered and the filtrate was used directly for the analysis. The sugar was separated on a column of u-Bondapak C18 using water as the mobile phase and determined refractometrically.The method was applicable to the analysis of glucose oligosaccharides from monomeric glucose through polymeric maltooctose. Quantitative results were obtained for glucose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetrose, maltopentose and maltohexose in the samples prepared in our laboratory. Recovery tests revealed this method reliable.

Objective To evaluate the effects on trabeculectomy combined with implantation of anterior lens capsule.Design Radomized,controlled experimental study.Participants 36 experimental albino rabbits.Methods 36 albino rabbits were divided into 3 groups randomly.The rabbit and human anterior lens capsules were implanted under the scleral flap in trabeculectomy in group A and group B respectively,while only trabeculectomy in control group.The average follow-up period was 12 months.Main Outcome Mea- sures Intraocular pressures(IOP),filtering bleb,complications.Results The postoperative IOP of the experimental groups decreased sig- nificantly as compared with preoperative IOP at 12 week postoperatively.Retention of reflective filtering bleb in experimental groups was longer than that in contral group(5.12?0.43week,5.05?0.59week,2.74?0.32week,P＜0.05).The passage of humor outflow kept open in ex- perimental groups and became closed in control group at 12 week postoperatively.Anterior lens capsule wasn't attacked by T or B lym- phocyte seen with electron microscope.Conclusions Implantation of anterior lens capsule may help to postpone filtering bleb scarring in the trabeculectomy.This study provides experimental basis for the clinical practice.

The composition, nutritional evaluation and clinical trials of a nutritionally complete enteral preparation were presented. It was composed of glucose oligosaccharides, emulsified fat, solubilized proteins, twelve vitamins, certain minerals and trace elements. Rats were forced to negative nitrogen balance by means of protein-free diet. Body weight and serum total protein declined accordingly. When the feed was changed to this preparation in one group, and a routine one with equal nitrogen content in another, nitrogen balance was turned to positive, body weight increased, serum total protein returned to normal in both groups. The increments of nitrogen balance and body weight were, however, higher significantly in the group fed with the preparation than that with routine diet. The biological value, net protein utilization and protein efficiency ratio of the solubilized proteins in the preparation were higher than casein in the routine feed. Twenty surgical patients having the preparation as the sole source of nutrients could take around 8.37MJ(2000 kcal)a day. Nitrogen balance turned from negative to positive in an average time of 3.6 days. Body weight, serum total protein, serum albumin were all increased. Fourty patients took this as dietary supplement and the similar results were observed too. Clinical effects were excellent in all cases, especially for healing of surgical wounds and fistula. Incidence of diarrhea was 3.3%.

Objective To investigate the roles of adrenomedullin(ADM) and endothelin-1(ET-1) in left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease(CHD) complicated with congestive heart failure(CHF).Methods Plasma ADM and ET-1 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in heart failure stage and recovery period of 18 infants with left-to-right shunt CHD.Also 20 healthy infants acted as control group were measured.Results Plasma concentrations of ADM and EF-1 were significantly higher in heart failure stage of left-to-right CHD infants than those in their recovery period,and both in their heart failure stage and in their recovery period were higher than that in control group(P

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to observe the effect of early goal directed therapy (EGDT) on tissue perfusion, microcirculation and tissue oxygenation in patients with septic shock. METHODS: Patients with early septic shock (<24 hours) who had been admitted to the ICU of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from September 2009 through May 2011 were enrolled (research time: 12 months), and they didn't meet the criteria of EGDT. Patients who had one of the following were excluded: stroke, brain injury, other types of shock, severe heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, age below 18 years, pregnancy, end-stage disease, cardiac arrest, extensive burns, oral bleeding, difficulty in opening the mouth, and the onset of septic shock beyond 24 hours. Patients treated with the standard protocol of EGDT were included. Transcutaneous pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide (PtcO2, PtcCO2) were monitored and hemodynamic measurements were obtained. Side-stream dark field (SDF) imaging device was applied to obtain sublingual microcirculation. Hemodynamics, tissue oxygen, and sublingual microcirculation were compared before and after EGDT. If the variable meets the normal distribution, Student's t test was applied. Otherwise, Wilcoxon's rank-sum test was used. Correlation between variables was analyzed with Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient method. RESULTS: Twenty patients were involved, but one patient wasn't analyzed because he didn't meet the EGDT criteria. PtcO2 and PtcCO2 were monitored in 19 patients, of whom sublingual microcirculation was obtained. After EGDT, PtcO2 increased from 62.7±24.0 mmHg to 78.0±30.9 mmHg (P<0.05) and tissue oxygenation index (PtcO2/FiO2) was 110.7±60.4 mmHg before EGDT and 141.6±78.2 mmHg after EGDT (P<0.05). The difference between PtcCO2 and PCO2 decreased significantly after EGDT (P<0.05). The density of perfused small vessels (PPV) and microcirculatory flow index of small vessels (MFI) tended to increase, but there were no significant differences between them (P>0.05). PtcO2, PtcO2/FiO2, and PtcCO2 were not linearly related to central venous saturation, lactate, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Peripheral perfusion was improved after EGDT in patients with septic shock, and it was not exactly reflected by the index of systemic perfusion.

AIMTo explore IL-6 neuroprotection against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and primary mechanisms involved in this neuroprotection.

METHODSThe cerebellar granule neurons from postnatal 8-day infant rats were chronically exposed to IL-6 for 8 days, and then glutamate stimulated the cultured cerebellar granule neurons for 15 min. Methyl-thiazole-tetrazolium (MTT) assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method were used to observe the changes of neuronal vitality and apoptosis, respectively. Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were respectively employed to measure dynamic changes of intracellular Ca2+ levels and expression of gp130 mRNA, a 130-kDa intracellular IL-6 signal-transduction protein, in the neurons.

RESULTSThe chronic IL-6 (2.5, 5 and 10 ng/ml) pretreatment of the cultured cerebellar granule neurons remarkably improved the decreased neuronal vitality by glutamate in a concentration-dependent manner. The neuronal apoptosis induced by glutamate was significantly attenuated by the chronic IL-6 pretreatment. The intracellular Ca2+ overload evoked by glutamate was also inhibited by the chronic IL-6 pretreatment. The expression of gp130 mRNA was dramatically lower in the IL-6-pretreated cerebellar granule neurons than in the IL-6-untreated neurons.

CONCLUSIONIL-6 can protect neurons against glutamate-induced exciting neurotoxicity. The mechanism of IL-6 neuroprotection may be closely related to the suppression of glutamate-induced intracellular Ca2+ overload and mediated by gp130 intracellular signal transduction pathways.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Glutamic Acid ; toxicity ; Interleukin-6 ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the killing effects of the liposome-mediated thymidine kinase (TK)/ganciclovir (GCV) system on MG-63 osteosarcoma (OS) cells and its bystander effects.

METHODSLiposome-mediated TK gene transfected into MG-63 OS cells, the efficiency of transfection was analyzed by flow cytometry and observed under inverted fluorescence microscope. Non-transfected osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were divided into three groups,in the experimental group 1 transfected TK/GCV cells cultured in solutiona liquid mixture by supernatant by 1/10,1/7,1/5,1/2 ratio to original broth; in the experimental group 2 transfected cells cultured in solutiona liquid mixture of supernatant filtered through 0.22 microm filter by 1/10,1/7, 1/5, 1/2 ratio to original broth, in control group the transfection cells cultured in original culture solution. Cell growth inhibition rate and osteosarcoma cell sensitivity to TK/GCV system were measured by MTT assay in each group.

RESULTSThe TK gene was transfected into MG-63 OS cells successfully by liposome-mediated, flow cytometry instrument detection TK gene transfection cell transfection efficiency can reach 75.5%. Six days later the MTT assay showed that in the experimental group 1 inhibition rate of all concentration ratio of the mixed culture fluid were statistically significant as compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and in the experimental group 2 that of the 1/10 and 1/7 of concentration ratio of mixed culture medium was not statistically significant as compared with the control group (P > 0.05). TK gene transfected MG-63 cells increased with the the GCV concentration,the cell apoptosis rate increased.

CONCLUSIONThe experiment demonstrated that the MG-63 OS cells are sensitive to the liposome-mediated TK/GCV system and bystander effects are significant.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Bone Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Bystander Effect ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Ganciclovir ; toxicity ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; enzymology ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; toxicity

This study aims to perform a survey of genetic variation in neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza A/H3N2 virus, as well as related resistance to NA inhibitors, in Qinghai Province of China, 2010 to 2012. Strains of influenza A/H3N2 isolated during an influenza survey from 2010 to 2012 in Qinghai were enrolled by random sampling. Viral RNA was extracted and amplified by RT-PCR. Purified PCR products were sequenced thereafter. Genetic analysis of nucleic acid and the derived amino acid sequences was performed by MEGA 4.0. Phylogenetic trees were also constructed. Strains isolated during 2010-2011 in this study clustered closely with World Health Organization (WHO) 2010-2012 reference vaccine strain A/Perth/16/2009 and 2008-2010 reference vaccine strain A/Brisbane/10/2007 on the phylogenetic tree, while the 2012 isolates were located on another branch. In analysis of derived amino acid sequences, the 2010 isolates mutated at K81T, the 2011 isolates mutated at I26V and D127N, while the 2012 isolates mutated at E41K, P46A, I58V, T71N, L81P, D93G, D127N, D151N, and I307M. The D151N mutation added a glycosylation site to the activity center of NA. No significant variation was discovered in H3N2 NA gene of 2010-2011 isolates in Qinghai, China. Isolates of 2012 were found with significant mutation, which has the potential of inducing minor resistance to NA inhibitors like zanamivir and oseltamivir.
Amino Acid Sequence ; China ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; classification ; enzymology ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neuraminidase ; chemistry ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

Objective To compare three different internal fixations using dual plates in treatment of type C distal humerus fractures.Methods A total of 59 patients with type C distal humerus fractures fixed with dual plates between January 2004 and December 2008 were enrolled in the study,including 34 patients managed by perpendicular dual plate internal fixation (Group A),14 patients by dorsal dual plate internal fixation (Group B),and 11 patients by parallel dual plate internal fixation (Group C).Functional outcomes of injured elbow joints were assessed using Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS).Fisher' s exact probability,chi-square test and variance analysis were used to compare the perioperative variables among groups.Results The patients were followed up for average 28 months (range,12-55 months),which showed that all fractures were smoothly healed with satisfactory curative effects in each group.There were no significant differences with respect to functional outcomes among three groups.The patients with surgery difficulty in Group C were more than those in other two groups.Besides,an additional intercondylar screw was always required in Groups A and B,but rarely in Group C.Conclusions All internal fixations with three dual plates are effective in management of type C distal humeral fractures.The location of plates is determined by experiences of orthopedic surgeons and specific fracture type.

The lacquer figure with meridian-points marked of the western Han dynasty, unearthed in Tianhui town, Jinniu district, Chengdu in 2012, has been the earliest and the most complete human figure of meridian-acupoints in China so far. There were over ten courses of meridians, and over 100 visible acupoints as well as multiple intaglio inscriptions. All of them are valuable in academic study. The writers introduced the lacquer figure un- earthed in Laoguanshan in terms of the briefs and characteristics of meridian and acupoint distributions, which give the references to the future studies.
Acupuncture ; history ; instrumentation ; Acupuncture Points ; China ; History, Ancient ; Human Body ; Humans ; Meridians