Background Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an effective drug to prevent rejection response after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP).Appropriate dosage forms and right administrating route is very important for improving the bioavailability of CsA.Objective This study was to investigate the preventing effect of CsA microspheres via subconjunctive and anterior chamber injection and CsA eye drops on immune rejection after PKP.Methods Sixty eyes of 60 clean adult New Zealand white rabbits served as receipts,and 60 eyes of 30 clean adult pigmented rabbits were used as the donors.The receipts were randomized into the blank control group (only PKP group),subconjunctival CsA injection group,subconjunctival vector injection group,anterior chamber CsA injection group,anterior chamber vector injection group,and 1％ CsA eye drops group.PKP was performed on the all rabbits,and then the CsA microsphere (0.1 ml,12 g/L) or blank microsphere (0.1 ml) were respectively administered in the corresponding groups.The corneal grafts were examined by slit lamp microscope regularly,and rejection index (RI)was calculated based on the corneal opacity,edema and neovascularization.The intraocular pressure (IOP) of operative eyes was measured by Tono-pen tonometer before operation,3 days,1 week,2 weeks,3 weeks,1 month,2 months and 3 months after operation,respectively.Histopathological examination on corneal grafts was performed 1month and 3 months after operation.Results The IOP of all the rabbits lowed after operation,but there was no statistical difference in different time points and various groups (Ftime =29.210,P =0.000; Fgroup =0.254,P =0.938).The grafts of the blank control group,subconjunctival vector injection group and the anterior chamber vector injection group showed varied degrees of corneal opacity and neovascularization 2-3 weeks after operation,and the degree of graft opacity was aggravated obviously in the fourth week,with the RI 8.60±1.52,8.60±0.55 and 8.80±0.84 individually.Neovascularization of the grafts in the subconjunctival CsA injection group,anterior chamber CsA injection group,and 1％ CsA eye drops group was found 3 weeks after operation,and the RI were 4.40±0.89,3.20±0.84 and 3.00±0.71,showing a significantly lower than that of the control groups (P＜0.05).Mild inflammatory response of the grafts was seen in the anterior chamber CsA injection group,but it was lightened over time.The histopathological examination revealed obvious thickening of corneal grafts,neovascularization and infiltration of lots of inflammatory cells in the blank control group,subconjunctival vector injection group and the anterior chamber vector injection group.However,only slight new blood vessels and inflammatory response were seen on the subconjunctival CsA injection group,anterior chamber CsA injection group,and 1％ CsA eye drops group.Conclusions Administration of CsA in different methods can prevent the immune rejection after PKP in rabbit eyes,the effect of giving drugs via anterior chamber injection is better than that via subconjunctive pathyway.

Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Lung Neoplasms ; immunology ; therapy ; Vaccines ; therapeutic use

Aged ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Reference Standards

Objective To observe the effect of the therapy using NO with plateau air balance on acute high altitude disease.Methods Forty-seven acute high altitude disease patients were selected and divided into two groups randomly: twenty-three cases as a routine drug treatment group which used the protocol of inhaling oxygen and the drugs including Aminophylline,DEX and Frusemide,while twenty-four cases as a NO treatment group which only used the protocol of inhaling 0.001% NO gas air balanced in plateau(altitude 3,658 m)twice daily,an hour each.Observe the two groups' clinical symptoms,physical signs and clinical symptom's scores before and after the three day treatment.Results The clinical symptoms,physical signs and clinical symptom's scores of the two groups after the three day treatment improved significantly.The effect of the NO treatment group was more significant(the drug group P

BACKGROUND:Thoracolumbar spine as highly concentrated stress, often prone to vertebral fractures. With the further development of the biomechanics and anatomical structure of the spine, posterior open reduction and internal fixation with pedicle screw has been widely accepted by clinicians. OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical results and safety of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation system (Viper system) used in thoracolumbar compression fractures. METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 40 patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures from Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January 2013 to February 2014. According to the type of graft, patients were randomly divided into experiment group and control group, with 20 patients in each group. They were respectively subjected to Viper percutaneous pedicle screw fixation system and open reduction and pedicle screw fixation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al vertebra got bone unions. Operative time and time to bone union were shorter in the experiment group than in the control group. Moreover, intraoperative blood loss was less in the experiment group than in the control group. Cobb’s angle, height percentage of leading edge and wedge angle were similar between the two groups. However, at 12 months after internal fixation, height percentage of leading edge was lower in the experiment group than in the control group. Visual Analogue Scale scores and Oswestry Disability Index were noticeably improved after fixation in both groups. Visual Analogue Scale scores and Oswestry Disability Index were lower in the experiment group than in the control group immediately after fixation. These results suggest that compared with open reduction and pedicle screw fixation, Viper percutaneous pedicle screw fixation system for thoracolumbar compression fractures can stably restore the structure and function of spine, and does not increase perioperative complications.

Objective Non-traumatic and posteromedial subchondral osteonecrosis of trochlea tali (NTPSOTT) is a special type of necrosis of the talus , for which early diagnosis and treatment are particularly important .This study investigated the clinical ef-fectiveness of autogeneic cancellous bone transplantation in the treatment of NTPSOTT . Methods We retrospectively analyzed 21 cases of NTPSOTT treated by autogeneic cancellous bone transplantation and evaluated using the Clinical Rating System of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ( AOFAS) , Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS) , and X-ray and CT examinations . Results The pa-tients were followed up for 12-26 months and all healed desirably , with the graft well integrated into the surrounding tissue , but no as-similation, collapse of the articular surface , or narrowing of the joint space .The last follow-up visit revealed significantly improved AOFAS score (90.55 ±6.73 vs 50.87 ±11.42, P=0.009) and VAS score (1.32 ±0.81 vs 6.43 ±1.66, P=0.027) as compared with the baseline . Conclusion Autogeneic cancellous bone transplantation is preferable for the treatment of NTPSOTT , which can effectively reduce the pain in the ankle , maintain the joint space , and protect the function of the ankle .

Objective To provide supporting evidence to prevention and controlling of caries in preschool children in Huangpu District(Eastern Part), by studying the influence of their habits at home on the prevalence of caries. Methods The oral health of preschool children in Huangpu District was examined, and their habits at home were recorded through survey questionnaire, including sugary diet, tooth brushing, parents′ attitude for oral health. Results Sugary diet could affect the prevalence of caries.There was no association between dental caries and times of tooth brushing.Parents′ attitude for oral health is the risk factor for the children′s caries. Conclusion Because of the higher prevalence of caries in the children in our district, effective measures should be taken.In addition, policy should consider how to ensure that children with high-risk dental caries receive adequate prevention and early care.

Objective:To identify proteins associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and cure of NPC.Methods:A two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were performed to screen for differential proteins between highly metastatic 5-8F and non-metastatic 6-10B NPC cell lines.Western blot was used to confirm the differential proteins.We used siRNA to inhibit the expression of differential protein nm23-H1 to determine the association of nm23-H1 with NPC in vitro invasive ability.Immunohistochemistry and statistics were used to evaluate the correlation of nm23-H1 expression with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes in paraffin-embedded archival tissues including 93 cases of primary NPC and 20 cases of cervical lymphonode metastatic NPC (LMNPC).Results:A total of 15 differential proteins in the 2 cell lines were identified by a proteomic approach,and 3 differential proteins were selectively confirmed.Downregulation of nm23-H1 by siRNA significantly increased the in vitro invasive ability of 6-10B.Significant nm23-H1 downregulation was observed in LMNPC compared with primary NPC.nm23-H1 downregulation in primary NPC was positively correlated with lymphonode and distant metastasis,advanced clinical stage and recurrence.Survival curves showed that patients with nm23-H1 downregulation in primary NPC had a poor prognosis.Multivariate analysis confirmed that nm23-H1 expression level in primary NPC was an independent prognostic indicator.Conclusion:nm23-H1 behaves as a metastasis suppressor in NPC,and nm23-H1 downregulation is a biomarker for poor NPC prognosis.

Objective To establish a specific,sensitive,simple human respiratory adenovirus detection method to put a good experimental foundation for developing universal and specific diagnostic reagents of human respiratory adenovirus.Methods The nucleotide sequences of 10 serotype of human respiratory adenovirus were obtained from GenBank.Highly consewed five pairs of universal and specific adenovirus primers were designed on the evaluation of multiple sequence alignment of the 10 full genomic sequences with the software DNAMAN 5.2.2,Gene Runner 3.05,BLAST,and to ensure that the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)products were type-specific.NP-40 sample lytic method was employed to prepare the template.The effectiveness,specificity and sensitivity of primers were evaluated.And PCR was carried out to test 64 samples of throat swabs of acute respiratory infection children.The positive PCR products were sequenced directly to identify the adenovirus serotypes.The positive specimens was inoculated on HeLa cells to observe cytopathie effect(CPE)under light microscope,and virus morphology were observed under electron microscope.Results BLAST results indicated that the five pairs of primers were specific adenovirus primers with low homology to the others.The primers were identified as PCR positive fragments obtained by using five pairs of primers to amplify the human adenovirus type 3 DNA,which did not react to the respiratory syncytial virus and Coxsackie virus.the effectiveness and specificity of the primer were thus indicated.PCR sensitive results showed 10-5 dilutin of adenovirus culture and DNA sample could be deteeted which meant the method was sensitive and stable.Two PCR positive specimens were detected in 64 clinical samples.the positive rate was 3.13%(2/64).Using the two PCR positive specimens to inoculate the HeLa cells,the typical adenovirus CPEs of rounded and aggregated,detatched cells were observed under light microscope.And a large number of adenovirus typical particles with characteristic lattice arrangement were observed in the infected cells under electron microscope.PCR product sequencing results showed that these two isolated adenoviruses were typed in human adenovims group B.Conclusions Universal and specific adenovirus PCR primers with the serotype specificity of the PCR products were designed successfully.The PCR primers was sensitive and specific and could be routinely applied in clinical adenovirus diagnosis for respiratory specimens.

Objective To explore the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1?(HIF-1?) protein and its mRNA in cultured cortical neurons after hypoxia,ischemia or hypoxia-ischemia(HI) and explore the possibilities of HIF-1? gene therapy in HI neurons.Methods The in vitro models of HI,pure hypoxia and pure ischemia were established using embryonic day 16-18 rats cortical neurons.Immunohistochemical and in-situ hybridization were performed to examine the expression of HIF-1? protein and its mRNA at different reperfusion time points in neurons.Results The expression of HIF-1? protein was very week in normoxic cultured neurons,but was up-regulated while treated with hypoxia and(or) ischemia.HIF-1? expression reached peak at 4 to 8 h after reperfusion with HI,which were statistically significant higher than that at other time points(Pa=0),and decreased gradually at 12 h.Furthermore,HIF-1? protein expression was significantly higher in HI group compared with that in the pure hypoxia or ischemia group(Pa=0).HIF-1? mRNA reached peak immediately after HI,decreased gradually at 2 h,and returned to the baseline at 8 h after reperfusion.Conclusions HIF-1? expression on cortical neurons is regulated differently with hypoxia,ischemia or HI treatment,HIF-1? gene therapy for HI neurons maybe a useful method in the future studies.