Objective To observe the process of Vibrio vulnificus inducing dendritic cell strain apoptosis.Methods We established the mixed culture model of mouse dendritic cell ( DC 2.4 strain) and Vibrio vulnificus( Vv1.1758 strain ),analyzed morphological characteristics of cell apoptosis by DAPI fluorescence staining,detect DNA fragmentation level of apoptosis cells by DNA Ladder assay,analyze DC2.4 apoptosis rate by Annexin V FITC/PI staining,determine activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 by means of spectrophotometric method and detect changes of mitochondrial transmembrane potential ( △ Ψm ) by JC-1 fluorescence labeling.Results After Vv1.1758 strain and DC2.4 cell were mixed and cultured for 4 h,DAPI fluorescence staining showed typical apoptosis characteristics-chromatin condensation and marginalization; DNA agarose gel electrophoresis showed apoptosis band; apoptosis rates at 2,4 and 6 h were respectively (37.8±9.8) ％,(54.3 ± 12.7 ) ％ and ( 68.2± 14.6 ) ％ ; Mitochondrial transmembrane potentials (△Ψm) at 1 h,2 h and 4 h reduced by 7.1％,16.1％ and 46.7％ respectively; caspase-8 activity increased at 1.5 h and reached the peak at 2 h [ (2.48±0.19) U/μg],while caspase-3 activity started to increase at 3h and reached the peak at 4 h [ ( 1.91 ±0.16) U/μg ].Conclusion Vibrio vulnificus could induce dendritic cells by two pathways: reducing mitochondrial transmembrane potential and activating caspase-8 promoter and finally activate effector caspase-3 to promote apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of astragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ) on glucose-induced podocyte adhesion and its possible mechanism. MethodsConditionally immortalized mouse podoeytes were treated with 10, 50, 100 mg/L AS-Ⅳ and with 100 mg/L AS-Ⅳ for 3, 6, 12, 24 h. Cell attachment was measured by fluorescence and centrifugation cell adhesion assays, respectively. Expression of α3β1 integrin mRNA and protein was examined by real-time PCR and Western blot. ResultsHigh glucose induced a significant reduction in adherent podocytes compared to normal glucose group (P<0.05). AS-Ⅳ improved high glucose-induced podocyte adhesion in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that high glucose-induced down-regulation of α3β1 integrin in podocytes were significantly meliorated by AS-Ⅳ (P<0.05). ConclusionAstragaloside Ⅳ improved high glucose-induced podocyte adhesion which may be mediated through α3β1 integrin up-regulation.

Three SNaPshot multiplex assays were developed to test 23 coding region single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one control region SNP outside hypervariable regions (HVR)I and II, which was aimed at increasing the discrimination power of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing in forensic casework, and confirming haplogroup assignments of mtDNA profiles in both human population studies and medical research. The selected SNPs targeted the East Asian phylogeny. These multiplex assays were validated by comparing with the sequencing analysis of samples chosen randomly. The mtDNA variations of 100 unrelated individuals from the Wuhan population in China were examined and classified into 31 haplotypes, and the haplotype diversity was estimated to be 0.952. The multiplex SNaPshot method is rapid and robust, and suitable for large-scale screening studies of mtDNA variability.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnosis key points of brain abscess caused by Nocardia asiatica, and provide a clinical basis for diagnosing and treating intracranial infection caused by Nocardia. Methods　A case of pulmonary Nocardia asiatica complicated with brain abscess diagnosed at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University was selected to analyze the clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid characteristics, pulmonary and cranial imaging features, and treatment plan, and to summarize the diagnosis and treatment experience. Results　The patient was an elderly woman with a history of diabetes, dry cough was the first symptom without fever or headache. At the beginning of the course, it was diagnosed as pulmonary infection and tuberculosis in the local hospital, and received conventional antimicrobial and anti-tuberculosis therapies, but showed no improvement. The patient developed progressive limb weakness, followed by consciousness disorders, and coma. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) adenosine deaminase and lactate dehydrogenase were not abnormal, CSF pressure, protein and white blood cells were high, mainly with multiple nuclear cells. CSF glucose and chloride were normal in the early stage of the disease, but decreased significantly in the later stage. Metagenomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid indicated Nocardia asiatica with a specific sequence number of 537. Lung CT showed exudation, abscess, and cavity in the right lung. Skull MRI scan + enhancement suggested multiple scattered abscesses in both cerebral hemispheres. The abscesses were of different sizes and showed ring enhancement, with extensive surrounding edema, and ventricular compression. After treatment with meropenem, linezolid, and compound sulfamethoxazole tablets, the cerebrospinal fluid recovered, and the lesions in the lungs and intracranial structures improved. Conclusions　Brain abscess caused by Nocardia asiatica is similar to the tuberculous brain in clinical symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid examination, craniocerebral imaging, so we should be alert to the possibility of Nocardia infection in patients with diabetes. At the same time, metagenomic testing of the cerebrospinal fluid can help confirm the diagnosis. The mortality and disability rates of brain abscess caused by Nocardia are high. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis.

Objective To determine the effects and dosage of N?acetylcysteine( NAC) in the im?provement of the visibility in esophagogastroduodenoscopy( EGD) . Methods A prospective randomized con?trolled study was performed on 193 patients scheduled for EGD from November 2014 to July 2015 were ran?domized into five groups using digital table. In group A, 100 mg dimethicone and 2 g NaHCO3 were given. In group B,100 mg dimethicone, 2 g NaHCO3 and 20 000 U pronase were given. Group C received 100 mg dimethicone, 2 g NaHCO3 and 200 mg NAC. Group D received 100 mg dimethicone, 2 g NaHCO3 and 400 mg NAC and group E 100 mg dimethicone, 2 g NaHCO3 and 600 mg NAC.The agents were dissolved in 100 ml water for each patient.Endoscopy was completed by one endoscopist and the score of image visibility assessment was completed by 2 other endoscopists. The 3 endoscopists were unaware of grouping. The total scores, the time of washing, the time of examination and complications were compared and analysed. The total image scores of group A, B, C,D and E were 30?83±3?78, 35?69±2?88, 33?16±3?90, 34?95±3?46 and 36?76±2?91, respectively. Group A was the lowest(P<0?05),followed by group C(P<0?05). There were no differences among group B,D, and E(P>0?05).Images that were scored 3 were the most in group E.The washing times of each group were 38?00±19?10, 17?03±11?44, 15?92±10?81, 15?78 ±10?24 and 15?55±9?69, and the examination times of each group were 13?49±2?49, 9?41±1?86, 9?08± 1?80, 8?73±1?91 and 8?78±1?79 minutes.Group A was the longest in these two indices(P<0?05). There were no significant differences among group B, C, D and E ( P<0?05) . There were no significant differences in adverse effects among groups after EGD( P>0?05) . Conclusion The preoperative NAC can improve the visibility in EGD. The best dose is 600 mg, whose effects and safety were similar to those of 20 000 U, but yield to less washing time and the examination time in EGD.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of helium neon laser irradiation combined with boric acid wet packing on elder patients with pressure ulcers.Methods 52 cases of elderly patients with pressure ulcer were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The control group was treated with boric acid wet packing after the wound debridement.The treatment group was treated with the helium neon laser irradiation on the pressure ulcer surface 20 minutes after the wound debridement and then boric acid wet packing once a day.Both groups received comprehensive treatment and nursing measures of pressure ulcers.Pressure ulcer healing was observed for 30 days.Results The effective rate of the treatment group was 96.2％ and that of the control group was 69.2％.Clinical effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant( x2 =4.837,P ＜0.05 ).The effect initiating time of the treatment group was lower than the control group [ ( 12.19 ± 6.40) d vs ( 19.36 ± 9.30) d],and the difference was statistically significant ( t =- 2.425,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Helium neon laser irradiation combined with boric acid wet packing can promote wound healing of pressure ulcers in elder patients,shorten course of disease.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dynamic changes of the epididymal size 1 year after vasectomy.

METHODSFifty male volunteers received vasoligation. Before and at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after operation, we measured the size and detected the internal echoes of the epididymis using color Doppler ultrasonography.

RESULTSThe bilateral epididymides were both thickened post-operatively in all the 50 cases, with statistically significant differences between the baseline and the 1st month, the 1st and the 2nd month, the 2nd and the 3rd month, or the 3rd and the 6th month after surgery (all P < 0.01), but not between the 6th and the 12th month (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWithin 6 months after vasectomy, the bilateral epididymides manifested a progressive thickening, but basically restored their balance of secretion-absorption after 6 months.

Epididymis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Organ Size ; Postoperative Period ; Time Factors ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Vasectomy

Apyrase activities in some tissues and cells, such as peripheral vascular endothelial cells, have been reported, but these in endocardium endothelial cells have not been reported. The present study was to characterise the properties of bovine endocardium endothelial cells (BEEC)-associated apyrase. Apyrase activity was assayed by inorganic phosphate release, which could be inhibited concentration-dependently by NaN3, an apyrase inhibitor. NaF (20 mmol/L), another inhibitor of apyrase, also markedly inhibited the activity. EDTA or EGTA (1 mmol/L) could also inhibit the activity completely. However, the inhibitor for Na+/K+-ATPase, ouabain (3 mmol/L) did not affect the enzyme activity. BEEC apyrase activity was dependent on divalent cations (Ca2+ or Mg2+) and pH value.

OBJECTIVETo probe into the relationship between hypertension and hemodynamic score of cerebral vascular accumulative function by though studying the history of hypertension and level of blood pressure.

METHODSThe database of blood pressure and cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes (CVHI) were from baseline data and measurement in a cohort. 18,512 participants who met the included criteria were enlisted in the study. The function scores were estimated using uniform methods according to CVHI. Participants were grouped by age, years of having hypertension and level of blood pressure. Differences of the function score between different groups were compared.

RESULTSThe function score in hypertension group was significantly lower than that of normal tension group, which decreased by 13.3 points. Within 5 years of hypertension history, the function score decreased as course of hypertension prolonged. The same trend was found between the score and level of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. When systolic blood pressure elevated to 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure elevated to 95 mmHg, the function score was below 75 points.

CONCLUSIONThere were significant relationship between decrease of the function scores and medical history, course of hypertension as well as level of blood pressure.

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; physiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo present data from a baseline investigation on stroke-related cohort population in rural area of Shanghai.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was carried out in a cluster sampling population aged 40 years and over. General information and data on common risk factors in the population were gathered and cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes were checked. Hemodynamic score was estimated according to single indexes by unified methods. 5335 persons who had met the inclusion criteria were enlisted in the study. Exposure level of risk factors, prevalence of stroke, and hemodynamic indexes were analyzed and distributional characteristics were described.

RESULTSExposure rate of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, family history of hypertension, overweight or obesity in males were 31.74%, 6.09%, 1.16%, 3.22%, 17.64%, 29.68% and were 32.76%, 9.22%, 1.55%, 3.84%, 19.22%, 29.44% in female respectively. Standard prevalence of stroke was 1167.3/100000, which in male was significantly higher than that in female (P < 0.05). The change of cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes was significantly associated with age. Hemodynamic score in 21.3% of the subjects was below 75 points.

CONCLUSIONSAmong population of 40 years old and over in rural areas, hypertension was the principal risk factor regarding the rate of stroke. Prevalence of stroke in males was significantly higher than that in females. Abnormal rate of hemodynamic score was about 20% in this population.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain ; blood supply ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Rural Health ; Sampling Studies ; Sex Factors ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; physiopathology