Acupressure ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Nocturnal Enuresis ; therapy

Objective To examine the distribution of flurbiprofen axetil in cerebral-spinal fluid (CSF) by determining the CSF concentration of flurbiprofen after iv administration. Methods Seventy-two ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 18-75 yr weighing 54-82 kg undergoing spinal or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for lower extremity or lower abdominal surgery were studied. Flurbiprofen axetil 1 mg/kg was injected intravenously.CSF 2 ml and venous blood 3 ml were obtained simultaneously every 5 min after iv injection for 45 min (T1-9 ) for determination of flurbiprofen concentration using high performance liquid chromatography, and the CSF/blood flurbiprofen concentration ratio was caculated. Results Flurbiprofen was not detected in CSF at T1,2 after iv injection in 3 and 4 patients. The CSF flurbiprofen concentration was significantly higher at T4-9, and CSF/blood flubiprofen concentration ratio higher at T5-9 than at T3 ( P ＜ 0.05). There was no significant difference in CSF flurbiprofen concentrations among T4-9 ( P ＞ 0.05 ) Conclusion Flurbiprofen is detected in CSF after iv injection, the CSF flurbiprofen concentration peaks at 20 min after iv injection and it lasts until 45 min after iv injection.

Aim To observe the effects of Xiatianwu tota l alkaloids ( XA ) on learning and memory impairment and the central cholinergic f unction in rats with quinolinic acid microinjected into bilateral hippocampus. Methods Alzheimers disease (AD) rat models were made by damagin g bilateral hippocampus with quinolinic acid (150 nmol in 2 ?l for each hippoca mpus). XA 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg?kg -1 was administrated ig from 1 week before model established to 3 weeks after model established. Y-maze was used to measur e the learning and memory ability. The activity of the acetylcholinesterase ( AC hE ) in hippocampus and the contents of acetylcholine ( ACh ) was determined by spectrophotometry. Results Microinjection of quinolinic acid in to the rats hippocampus induced learning and memory dysfunction (P

Objective To assess the value of myelography and CTM for the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation.Methods 200 patients diagnosed as lumbar disc heriniation based on clinical findings were reported.They were all examined with myelography and CTM prior to operation.Results Based on the operative findings the accuracy was 86% in myelography and 98.5% in CTM.Conclusion CTM is more accurate than myelography in the diagnosis of lumbar disk heriniation.

Objective To analyse the alterative characteristics of electrophysiology by detecting somatosensory evoked potential(SEP) during cerebral remodeling after transfer of healthy C7 nerve root both in patients and normal individuals. Methods From 2002 to 2003, 12 cases of the left total brachial plexus nerve root avulsion were surgically treated by transferring healthy C7 nerve root to impaired median nerve through bridged ulnar nerve. The waveform of SEP of bilateral cortical expressions were recorded after stimulating median nerve of impaired upper extremity at the wrist and elbow. Meanwhile, latent period and amplitude of wave of SEP, and nerve conduction velocity from the level of wrist to elbow were exhibited and compared. Results There were differences of the latency and amplitude of SEP in normal individuals between two sides of cerebrum to some extent. In the healthy sides (first group), difference of latency of SEP on two sides of cerebral cortex had no statistical significance but in the reverse for the amplitude of SEP. For the diseased sides(second group), difference of amplitude of SEP for both sides of cerebral cortex between the patients and the nonmal individuals were of statistical significance, but on the contrary for the change of latency of SEP. Conclusion Cerebral cortex dominating affected extremity is able to bring up functional remodeling electrophysiologically after nerve transfer of healthy C7 nerve root. Shortened latency and augmented amplitude discrepancy of SEP recorded on both sides of cerebral cortex were preliminary electrophysiological criterions. After contralateral C7 nerve root transfer, the examination of SEP can offer data of corresponding cortex "reinnervation", which provides objective evidence for further treatment to promote functional recovery and cortical plasticity.

Objective To investigate the ultrasound characteristics of prenatal fetus otocephaly . Methods Three prenatal fetus with otocephaly were examined with two -and three-dimensional ultrasoundand examined results were compared with the those of induced labor or autopsy ,and ultrasound characteristicsof prenatal fetus were analyzed and summarized .Results The ultrasound performance of three prenatal fetuswith otocephaly and the examination of the appearance after induced labor showed :(1) The most intuitiveinitial sonographic performance of otocephaly was manifested by the absence of stomach bubble andoverabundance of amniotic fluid.Among three fetus,one fetus had overabundance of amniotic fluid at the midstageof pregnancy,one fetus had normal amniotic fluid at the mid-stage of pregnancy and one fetus hadextremely high amount of amniotic fluid and absence of stomach bubble at late stage of pregnancy .(2) Allthree fetus showed agnathy and synotia (shifts of both ears to the midline) and microstomia deformity.(3) All three fetus had associated complications with deformity in other systems including two cases of patients withcleft lip and palat,both were the fracture unilateral cleft lip derived from small mouth .One fetus withdysmelia and one fetus with complicated cardiovascular deformity and situs inversus and .(4) The results ofexamination after induced labor or autopsy were consistent with those of the prenatal ultrasound examination . Conclusions Prenatal ultrasound examination is an effective and feasible means for the diagnoses ofotocephaly.When the symptoms of “absence of stomach bubble and extremely high amount of amniotic fluid ”occurred,the fetal ear and submaxilla should be examined to confirm stand -alone otocephaly prenatally.

Objective:To observe the expression of BTLA on T cells during activation and further analyze its inhibitory effects on T cell activation in different phases.Methods: T cells from PBMC were enriched by negative selection using magnetic beads.Expression of BTLA,CTLA-4 and PD-1 on freshly isolated human T cells and kinetics expression of BTLA,CILA-4 and PD-1 on CD3 mAb stimulated T cells were examined by flow cytometry.T cells were stimulated by anti-CD3 mAb combined with anti-CD28 mAb in the presence of anti-BTLA mAb 8H9,then T cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay in the different culture time.Immature DCs were generated from monocytes cultured in the medium containing GM-CSF and IL-4, and further driven to maturation by anti-CD40 mAb.Expression of HVEM on DCs was measured by flow cytometry.T cells were co-cultured with DCs in the presence of soluble 8H9 or anti-HVEM antibody to block HVEM-BTLA interaction,T cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.Results:Freshly isolated T cells exhibited high levels of BTLA expression, but not CTLA-4 and PD-1.After T cell activation, BTLA expression decreased on first 2 days, with rapidly increasing to high levels.Unlike BTLA, expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 was gradually increased during T cell activation.8H9 significantly inhibited the proliferation of T cell stimulated by CD3 mAb and CD28 mAb.8H9 could still exhibit inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation after 24 h or 48 h of preactivation by CD3 mAb plus CD28 mAb stimulation.HVEM was highly expressed on immature DCs, and down-regulated on mature DCs.Blockade of BTLA by soluble 8H9 or anti-HVEM antibody enhanced DC-mediated T cell proliferation within 48 h.Conclusion: BTLA signal enhances the threshold of T cell activation and plays importantly negative regulatory role in the initiation and early phase of T cell activation.

A new phenolic glycoside was isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris. Its structure was elucidated as gentisic acid 5-O-beta-D-(6'-salicylyl)-glucopyranoside by spectroscopic evidence and chemical analysis.

Objective To investigate the association of uncoupling protein 2 ( UCP-2 ) gene promoter -866G＞A polymorphism and ischemic stroke in diabetic patients.Methods A total of 844 type 2 diabetic patients including 404 cases with ischemic stroke and 440 cases without ischemic stroke were selected for the 4 year prospective study,Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood samples of subjects,UCP-2 gene promoter -866G ＞ A polymorphism was detected by TaqMan MGB probe method,and then the genotype and allele gene frequencies were compared.Results The risk of ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetic female patients with AA+GA genotypes of UCP-2 was higher than that with GG genotype (P＜0.05),but there was no difference among male patients with three genotypes.Conclusions UCP-2 gene promoter -866G ＞ A polymorphism increases the risk of ischemic stroke in Chinese diabetic women.