Objective　The conditional hierarchical clustering for 1-dimensional(1-d) ordinal data was discussed.Methods　Because the individuals are ordered in 1-d,the conditional matrix was constructed with all elements in the second-diagonal are 1 and the others are 0.Distance matrix of individuals defined by some particular definition.Then the conditional-distance matrix was made for the hierarchical clustering by connecting the conditional matrix and distance matrix.This method was called 1-dimentsional conditional hierarchical clustering.An example was illustrated by this method and a Monte Carol study showed that method was feasible and robust.Results　Compared with the least-squares partition,this method is easy to understand,easy to practice and easy to compute.It also can give us a stable result.Conclusion　Because of the austere theory,the simple thought and the convenient application,it's a good method for the 1-d ordinal data.

Department ofPediatrics,the Maternal and Child Health Hospital ofHuzhou,Huzhou,Zhejiang 313000,China(Shen ZZ)Objective To observe the effect of phentolamine in the treatment of severe hand foot and mouth disease with acute pulmonary edema.Methods 90 children with severe hand foot and mouth disease and acute pul-monary edema from January 2014 to December 2015 in our hospital were selected as the research subjects.All the children were randomly divided into 45 case of the observation group and 45 case of the control group.They were given conventional drug therapy and positive pressure ventilation,the control group was given milrinone,5μg/kg,the obser-vation group was given phentolamine,5μg/kg.The myocardial enzymes and cardiac troponin were detected before intervention and after 72h intervention,the blood gases index and ventilator parameter were analyzed,and the time of ventilator support and hospital stay were compared.Results (1)The CK -MB,CK,troponin of the observation group and the control group after treatment were (17.52 ±1.33)U /L and (28.23 ±3.89)U /L,(120.42 ±6.21)U /L and (150.86 ±8.67)U /L,(0.46 ±0.07)μg/L and (0.96 ±0.06)μg/L,which were significantly higher than before treatment (t =5.024 and 8.455,9.353 and 14.757,6.356 and 9.505,all P <0.01),but the CK -MB,CK,troponin of the observation group after treatment were significantly lower than the control group (t =5.601,7.426,5.829,all P <0.01 ).(2)The PaO2 and PaCO2 of the intervention group and the control group after 72h intervention were (80.24 ±14.35)mmHg and (62.30 ±5.68)mmHg,(39.38 ±6.08)mmHg and (46.10 ±3.42)mmHg respectively, which were significantly improved than before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (t =11.352 and 7.204,7.827 and 5.287,all P <0.01),there were statistically significant differences between the two groups after the intervention (t =7.426,5.829,all P <0.01).The FiO2 ,PIP,PEEP of the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (t =8.446 and 6.905,9.705 and 7.832, 8.605 and 6.889,all P <0.01),there were statistically significant differences between the two groups after the inter-vention (t =3.461,5.165,4.532,P <0.05 or P <0.01).(3)The time of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization in the observation group and the control group were (3.42 ±1.61)d and (5.06 ±2.15)d,(15.40 ±3.62)d and (18.62 ±3.81)d,the differences were statistically significant(t =3.513,3.734,all P <0.05).Conclusion Phent-olamine has better effect than milrinone in the treatment of severe hand foot and mouth disease with acute pulmonary edema,it can control the disease progression and improve clinical outcomes and has better clinical value.

A mAb T2-2 was generated using hybridoma techniques, and its target was identified as a 46 ku-cytokeratin (CK), based on biochemical study and a completely overlapped binding pattern of mAb T2-2 with anti-pan-CKs antibodies. An epithelia-specificity of the mAb T2-2 was determined by screening 68 human normal and 65 tumor tissues using immunohistochemistry. Unlike most of anti-CKs antibodies, the mAb T2-2 recognized a mono-specific epitope only expressed on the 46 ku CK, suggesting that mAb T2-2 is superior to most anti-CKs antibodies that cross-reacted with many different kinds of CKs. In addition, it was found that the mAb T2-2 was multipurpose with a broad applicability to ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and was also compatible with various fixation reagents. These results strongly indicate that the mAb T2-2 has potential applications for studying CKs function and for diagnosis of tumor and other disorders.

The medical law science interdisciplinary talents play an crucial role in solving medical service dispute and alleviating contradictory. Based on the questionnaire survey and the interview to the court and law offices as well as the analysis of the society's demand for the knowledge structure and ability of medicine law professionals, we proposed the construction of the training mode for medicine law professionals with the ability to adapt to the social demand.

With the deepening of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the method of quantification and standardization of TCM (i.e., quantitative characterization of TCM) has been more and more widely accepted by researchers. Chemometrics processes complicated data of TCM through applied mathematics, statistics and com-puter technology. And multivariable study was introduced into the quantitative characterization of TCM with great achievements. This article reviewed existed problems of quantitative characterization in TCM, the principles, char-acteristics, limitations, commonly used statistical methods and application conditions on quantitative characteriza-tion of TCM. With this review, a reference for further study of quantitative characterization of TCM was provided and a further research idea of combination with main methods of chemometrics was given.

Objective To monitor the changes of resting energy expenditure in ventilated critically ill children,to compare the results of standard equations and indirect calorimetry (IC) in predicting energy expenditure,and to investigate the possible influence factors of the metabolic status of the critically ill children.Methods From September 2012 to September 2013,56 critically ill children on assisted ventilation and fitting the requirements of IC in pediatric intensive care unit of Shanghai Children's Medical Center were enrolled in this prospective study.IC measurements were performed using metabolic cart on day 1,4,7,10 after trachea intubation.General clinical data of these children were recorded.Results 130 IC measurements were performed in the 56 children.The measured resting energy expenditure (MREE) did not exhibit significant differences among day 1,4,7,and 10 (P =0.379).Although there were no significant differences between MREE and energy expenditure predicted with Schofield and WHO equations (P =0.917,P =0.995),the agreement was poor between the measured and predicted values (R2 =0.185,R2 =0.322).The metabolic status of the children on day 1 of ventilation was only correlated with age (P =0.000) and height (P =0.027),not with severity of underlying diseases or clinical outcomes.Conclusions MREE of IC method in ventilated critically ill children did not significantly change over time in this study.A poor agreement was observed between equationpredicted energy expenditure and MREE.IC measurement of resting energy expenditure is recommended for guiding individual nutritional support among critically ill children so as to improve clinical outcome.

Background and purpose:Unbalance of apoptosis regulation plays an important role in tumor initiation and progression.Survivin and caspase-3 all take part in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis.We investigated the role of survivin and caspase-3 in apoptosis of gastric carcinoma,as well as its relationship with the clinicopathologic features and the prognosis of gastric carcinoma by using tissue microarray.Methods:The gastric cancer tissue microarrays were composed of tissues from 100 cases of carcinoma of the stomach without a history of chemo-radiation therapy and 30 gastric tissues of control subject.The diameter of each specimen on tissue microarrays was 2.0 mm.Expressions of survivin,caspase-3 were investigated immunohistochemically on these tissue microarrays.Tumor cell apoptosis index was also examined by TUNEL method.Of the 100 cases,47 cases were followed-up from 14 months to 13 years,in which the prognosis was analyzed.Results:Two paraffin-embedded gastric carcinoma tissue microarrays were successfully constructed,including 114 and 116 tissue spots,respectively.Immunohistochemical analysis showed that survivin expression was positive in 78 cases(78%) in this series.In contrast,no expression of survivin in control tissues was detected(P

Objective To understand the schistosomiasis endemic situation of surveillance sites in order to offer the scientific evidence for schistosomiasis control in Yunnan Province.Methods According to the protocol of national surveillance of schistosomiasis,four national sites in Yunnan Province were surveyed and the results were analyzed.Results In the four surveillance sites in Yunnan Province,the average infection rate of schistosomiasis of residents was 1.92%,and the infection rates of cattle and water buffaloes were 3.65% and 6.59% respectively.The snail area was 99.44 hm2,and the average density of the snails was 0.37 snail/0.1 m2,and the snail infection rate was 0.08%.There was the feature of higher infection rate and lower infection intensity in residents in Yunnan.Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis falls obviously after the control.However,the domestic animals still play an important role in the transmission of schistosomiasis,and the snails are not well controlled in some sites.So the surveillance and control to cattle and the snail should be continuously strengthened.

AIM: To explore the effect of drug content and encapsulated efficency of microsphere ophiopogon saponin preparation, providing more precise computational method. METHODS: Ophiopogon saponin enteric microsphere was prepared by spray drying technique, and the sum of saponin was determined by colorimetric analysis to evaluate the drug content and encapsulated efficency. RESULTS: The encapsulated efficency (%) was 94.75? 2.68. The drug content (mg/g) was 54.81? 2.12. CONCLUSION: The drug content the encapsulated efficency can affect the clinical dosage and the encapsulated efficency stands for the preparation process and the quality. So we should detect both drug content and the encapsulated efficency to evaluate preparation quality evaluation.

BACKGROUND:Previous study reveals that,glycated albumin plays an important role on the apoptosis of endothelial cells and the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 through increasing the activity of mitogen activated protein kinase and protein tyrosine kinase,besides generating active oxygen products. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of glycated albumin on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) . DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A single sample observation was carried out in the Cardiovascular Laboratory of Southeast University(Nanjing,Jiangsu,China) from May to November in 2006. MATERIALS:ECV304 HUVEC strain was provided from Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(China) . METHODS:Experimental procedures were assigned to two parts. On one hand,HUVECs were cultured with glycated albumin of the concentration of 400 mg/L for 0,8,16,24,48,or 72 hours. On the other hand,HUVECs were cultured with glycated albumin of the concentrations of 100,200,400,and 800 mg/L for 24 hours. In the control group,HUVECs were incubated with bovine serum albumin of the concentration of 400 mg/L and RPMI 1640 culture medium without addition of the serum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The proliferation of HUVECs was estimated by MTT colorimetric assay. The content of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS:Glycated albumin inhibited the proliferation rate of HUVECs in a time-dependent manner(P