Bone Density Conservation Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bone Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Diphosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pain ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes of the novel simplified no-flip surgical approach to Shang Ring male circumcision in adults.

METHODSA total of 528 adult males, aged 18 - 58 (mean 35) years, 63 with phimosis and 465 with redundant prepuce, underwent no-flip Shang Ring circumcision with or without removal of the outer ring. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded and observations were made on such complications as postoperative bleeding, infection, edema, and wound dehiscence.

RESULTSThe operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and 2-hour postoperative pain score were (3.8 +/- 0.3) min, (0.6 +/- 0.1) ml, and 7.3 +/-0.3, respectively. Spontaneous ring detachment occurred at 21.6 +/- 2.1 days postoperatively in 12.7% of the patients (67/528) who had chosen not to remove the rings. Of those who preferred removal of the outer ring (87.3% [461/528]), none experienced any pain at the ring removal 7 days after the operation. Postoperative complications included infection in 3 cases (0.56%) and mild edema in 9 (1.70%), but no bleeding and wound dehiscence. Totally, 518 (98.1%) of the patients felt satisfied with the postoperative penile appearance.

CONCLUSIONNo-flip Shang Ring circumcision, with no need for removal of the inner ring, is a safe and simple approach for adult males, which is superior to conventional Shang Ring circumcision for requirement of fewer surgical instruments, shorter operation time, lower incidence of complications, and better satisfaction with the penile appearance. However, these advantages are to be further demonstrated by more randomized controlled trials.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Circumcision, Male ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phimosis ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; Young Adult

Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

Objective To investigate the prevalence, molecular mechanism and genetic characteristics of azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N.gonorrhoeae) strains isolated in Shenzhen.Methods N.gonorrhoeae strains were collected in Shenzhen from 2011 to 2015.Agar dilution method and E-test were used to detect the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these strains to azithromycin.All azithromycin-resistant (AZM-R) strains (MIC≥2 μg/ml) and some azithromycin-sensitive strains (MIC≤0.25 μg/ml) which were randomly selected as the control group were screened for mutations in 23S rRNA, mtrR and erm genes and genotyped by using N.gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST).Results A total of 788 N.gonorrhoeae strains were collected, 148 (18.8%) of which were AZM-R strains (MIC≥1 μg/ml).Eighteen out of 21 high-level AZM-R (AZM-HLR) strains had A2143G mutations in the four copies of the 23S rRNA gene.Twelve out of 29 middle-level AZM-R (AZ-MLR) strains had missense mutations, among which C2611T mutations in the four copies of the 23S rRNA were detected in 10 strains.Incidence of G45D/Y105H mutation in AZM-HLR strains was higher than that in AZM-MLR (χ2=12.702, P=0.000) or AZ-S (χ2=4.462, P=0.035) strains according to the analysis of the promoter and coding region of mtrR gene.PCR analysis revealed that only one strain carried ermB gene (MIC=2 μg/ml).The 788 N.gonorrhoeae strains were typed into 81 sequence types (STs) by NG-MAST, most of which were represented by one strain only.STs of ST3356 and ST1866 that were identified in the AZ-R strains in the current study had been noted in a previous report of emerging AZM-R N.gonorrhoeae strains in Nanjing, Chongqing and Guangzhou.Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree showed that the resistant strains did not form a separate cluster.Conclusion Currently, it is not suitable to use azithromycin as a monotherapy for gonorrhea in Shenzhen.Mutations of A2059G and C2611T in 23S rRNA of N.gonorrhoeae were respectively responsible for high-level and middle-level resistance to azithromycin.Repeated emergence of ST1866 and ST3356 will help us monitor and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of N.gonorrhoeae strains resistant to azithromycin in Shenzhen.

Objective To investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on early postoperative lung function in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic pneumonectomy.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients whose preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ＞ 1.5 L,scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic pneumonectomy under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),Lieque (LU7)-Quchi (LI11)-Neiguan (PC6)-Hegu (LI4) group (group S1),and Xinshu (BL1S)-Feishu (BL13)-PC6-LI4 group (group S2).TEAS was applied to the corresponding acupoints on the operated side for 30 min once a day starting from 30 min before induction of anesthesia until the end of surgery,and on 1 st and 2nd days after surgery in S1 and S2 groups.The frequency was 2/100 Hz,the intensity was the maximum current that could be tolerated,and the intensity was about 6-18 mA for LU7,LI11,PC6 and LI4,or about 20-35 mA for BL15 and BLI3.Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was performed to maintain the score for the intensity of pain ＜ 4.Before and after surgery,forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 were measured after the chest tube was withdrawn and the changing rate was calculated.Results FEV1 and FVC were significantly lower after surgery than before surgery in all the groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in FEV1 and FVC before and after surgery and the changing rate between the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conelusion TEAS (applied during surgery and within 2 days after surgery,30 min/d,2/100 Hz) provides no obvious improvement in early postoperative lung function for the patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic pneumonectomy.

Objective To investigate the role of nurses in civil cardiac death organ donation work.Methods Cooperating,propagating and promoting in civil cardiac death organ donation; building a bridge between the families of organ donation,donor coordinators,physicians and hospital ethics committees; participating in organ donation medical ethics assessment work; cooperating with the doctors do intend to maintain organ donation,access and preservation; protecting donors remains.Results During the time of July 2011 to November 2013,we successfully completed 52 cases of civil cardiac death organ donation cooperating with doctors,and got 41 liver,which entered the national organ allocation system for distribution.Conclusions The nurses will play a more and more important role in work of civil cardiac death organ donation cooperating with doctors.

Objective To evaluate the intraoperative opioid-sparing effect of different frequency transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in the patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic pneumonectomy.Methods Eighty patients,aged 40-64 yr,weighing 50-90 kg,of ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,scheduled for elective thoracoscopic pneumonectomy under general anesthesia,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:control group (group Con),stimulation on Lieque (LU7)-Quchi (LI11)-Neiguan (PC6)-Hegu (LI4) at 2/100 Hz group (group 2/100 Hz),stimulation on LU7-LI11-PC6-LI4 at 2 Hz group (group 2 Hz),and stimulation on LU7-LI1 1-PC6-LI4 at 100 Hz group (group 100 Hz).The patients in group Con had the electrodes applied,but received no stimulation.In 2/100 Hz,2 Hz and 100 Hz groups,the patients received 2/100,2 and 100 Hz TEAS on LU7-LI11-PC6-LI4 acupoints ipsilateral to the surgery site,respectively,starting from 30 min before induction of anesthesia until the end of surgery,and the intensity was the maximum current that could be tolerated.Anesthesia was induced with iv midazolam,propofol,sufentanil and cisatracurim,and maintained with target-controlled infusion of remifentanil and propofol,continuous infusion of cisatracurim,and iv boluses of sufentanil when necessary.The target plasma concentration of propofol was adjusted to maintain BIS value at 40-60 during operation.The initial target effect-site concentration of remifentanil was 1 ng/ml,and adjusted to 4 ng/ml at skin incision.The concentration of remifentanil and consumption of sufentanil were adjusted to maintain Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) at 50-70.When the concentration of remifentanil was increased to 4 ng/ml,ANI was still less than 50,and then 0.1 μg/kg sufentanil was given.The duration of operation and intraoperative consumption of remifentanil and sufentanil (the consumption of sufentanil was converted to the consumption of remifentanil producing the equivalent effect by 1:10) were recorded.Results The intraoperative consumption of remifentanil was significantly reduced in 2/100 Hz group as compared with Con,2 Hz and 100 Hz groups.There was no significant difference in the intraoperative consumption of remifentanil between Con group,2 Hz group and 100 Hz group.Conclusion The use of 2/100 Hz but not 2 and 100 Hz TEAS on LU7-LI11-PC6-LI4 significantly reduces intraoperative opioid consumption in the patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic pneumonectomy.

Objective To compare the intraoperative opioids-sparing effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) of Lieque (LU7)-Quchi (LI11)-Neiguan (PC6)-Hegu (LI4) versus Xinshu (BL15)-Feishu (BL13)-PC6-LI4 in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 34-83 yr,weighing 50-93 kg,scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =20 each):control group (group C),LU7-LI11-PC6-LI4 group (group S1),and BL15-BL13-PC6-LI4 group (group S2).TEAS was applied to the corresponding acupoints on the operated side starting from 30 min before induction of anesthesia until the end of operation in S1 and S2 groups.The wave length was 0.6 ms when the frequency was 2 Hz,and the wave length was 0.2 ms when the frequency was 100 Hz.The intensity was the maximum current that could be tolerated,and the intensity was 6-18 mA for LU7,LI11,PC6 and LI4,or 20-35 mA for BL15 and BL13.Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of midazolam,propofol,sufentanil and cisatracurium and maintained with target-controlled infusion of remifentanil and propofol,iv infusion of cisatracurium,and iv boluses of sufentanil when necessary.The plasma concentration of propofol was adjusted to maintain BIS value at 40-60 during operation.The initial effect-site concentration of remifentanil was set at 1 ng/ml and then adjusted to 4 ng/ml at skin incision,and the concentration of remifentanil and consumption of sufentanil was adjusted to maintain Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) value at 50-70.If the concentration of remifentanil was increased to 4 ng/ml,ANI value was still less than 50,and then sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg was injected intravenously.The time of operation and intraoperative consumption ofremifentanil and propofol were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the intraoperative consumption of remifentanil was significantly decreased in S1 and S2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the intraoperative consumption of remifentanil between group S1 and group S2 (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the time of operation and intraoperative consumption of propofol between the three groups (P ＞0.05).Conclusion TEAS of LU7-LI1 1-PC6-LI4 provides similar opioids-sparing effects during operation as TEAS of BL15-BL13-PC6-LI4 in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy.

Objective To assess whether topiramate prevents body weight gain in patients with olanzapine .Methods The ran‐domized controlled trials(RCTs) about topiramate for prevention of weight gain with olanzapine from 1998 to 2013 were searched in the Cochrane Library ,Pubmed ,EMbase ,WanFang Data ,CNKI and VIP .Two reviewers independently screened the literatures ,ex‐tracted the data ,and evaluated the methodological quality .Then Meta‐analyses were conducted by using RevMan 5 .1 software .Re‐sults The total of 11 RCTs were included .Among the 549 patients were involved .The results of Meta‐analyses showed that the ef‐ficacy of the topiramate group was superior to that of the control group in lessen body mass with significant difference (MD= -3 .68 ,95% CI:-5 .16- -2 .19 ,Z=4 .86 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion Topiramate addition therapy is effective in attenuating olanzapine‐induced weight gain .

Objective To analyze the relationship of penA, ponA, porB and mtrR gene mutations with the reduced sensitivity to ceftriaxone in N.gonorrhoeae isolates from Shenzhen city.Methods A total of 296 clinical isolates of N.gonorrhoeae were collected in Shenzhen city from 2009 to 2011.The agar dilution method was used to estimate the sensitivity of these N.gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone.Totally, 53 strains with reduced sensitivity to ceftriaxone (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 0.06-0.50 μg/ml) were identified, and 53 strains with high sensitivity to ceftriaxone were randomly selected from the remaining strains and served as the control group.PCR was performed to amplify the penA, ponA,porB and mtrR genes from the 106 isolates followed DNA sequencing.Results The mosaic structure of the penicillinbinding protein 2 (PBP2) gene (penA gene) was found in only one isolate with a ceftriaxone MIC of 0.125 0 μg/ml.Amino acid sequence analysis of the remaining 105 isolates yielded 16 different amino acid patterns.The MICs of ceftriaxone were relatively high (0.062 5 μg/ml) in N.gonorrhoeae strains harboring the amino acid patterns ⅩⅢ, ⅩⅧ or ⅩⅩⅩⅧ,but relatively low (0.008 0 μg/ml) in those harboring the amino acid pattern Ⅱ.No significant differences were observed in the frequency of mtrR, porB or ponA gene mutations between N.gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced sensitivity to ceftriaxone and those with high sensitivity (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The mosaic structure of PBP2 may be not the primary reason for reduced sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone in Shenzhen, while different amino acid patterns produced by various mutations in amino acid residues at positions 500-580 in the non-mosaic PBP2, together with mtrR, porB and ponA mutations, may play more important roles in the reduced sensitivity.