OBJECTIVETo observe the prevention and clinical efficacy of combination of Liuwei Dihuang Pill (LDP) and Ginkgo Leaf Tablet (GLT) for early diabetic retinopathy (DR).

METHODSUsing randomized, double-blind, double simulation, parallel controlled clinical trial, 140 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients were recruited and assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 70 in each group. All patients received basic Western medicine treatment (such as blood glucose and pressure control). Patients in the treatment group took LDP (8 pills each time, 3 times per day) and GLT (19.2 mg each time, 3 times per day), while those in the control group took LDP placebos and GLT placebos. All treatment lasted for 24 consecutive months. All subjects were followed-up every month. The general clinical data as sex, age, and metabolic data such as blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipid, and DR prevalence rate were collected and statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in levels of blood glucose, blood pressure, or blood lipid between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment the DR incidence rate was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group [3.1% (2/64) vs 18.6% (11/59), P < 0.05)]. Meanwhile, the DR prevalence rate of the treatment group was also significantly lower than that of the control group [6.3% (4/64) vs 20.0% (13/59), P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONCombination of LDP and GLT could effectively prevent and treat the development of DR in T2DM patients.

Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; drug therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Tablets

Objective To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness ( VE) in children who received one dose of live attenuated varicella vaccine. Methods A questionnaire-based 1 ∶ 2 matching case-control study was conducted during May, 2015 to April, 2016 to evaluate the VE based upon the demographic data, vacci-nation status and clinical symptoms of 127 children with varicella and 254 healthy subjects under 12 years old. Results Compared with the healthy subjects, 83. 46% of the patients with varicella were immunized with one dose of varicella vaccine, which was lower than that of the control group (90. 55%) (χ2=4. 08, P<0. 05). The overall protective rate of one dose of varicella vaccine reached 64. 29% (95% CI:42. 00%-78. 00%). Of the 127 cases of varicella, 83. 46% were breakthrough cases immunized with one dose of var-icella vaccine. Primary cases presented more severe clinical symptoms than breakthrough cases. The longer the interval between vaccination and varicella-zoster virus infection was, the more severe the breakthrough cases would be. Conclusion Varicella vaccine is effective for preventing varicella, but the VE of one dose of varicella vaccine is limited. A two-dose varicella vaccination strategy should be proposed in our country as soon as possible.

Adult ; Calcinosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Cysts ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Vessel Tumors ; pathology ; Mucocele ; pathology ; Parasitic Diseases ; pathology ; Spleen ; diagnostic imaging ; Splenectomy ; Splenic Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Cardiovascular Diseases ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; United States

Cost of Illness ; Humans ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years

The diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer are being improved due to the popularized screening of prostate specific antigen. Advanced prostate cancer, in spite of its response to androgen deprivation therapy, may finally develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and shorten the overall survival of the patients. Many efforts have been made by worldwide researchers for new approaches to the management of CRPC, including new hormonal therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and bone metastasis-targeted therapy. This paper reviews the emerging agents undergoing clinical evaluation and drugs that have received approval for the treatment of CRPC in order to provide doctors and patients with more treatment options for CRPC and improve the overall survival rate and quality of life of the patients.
Androgen Antagonists ; Bone Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; therapy ; Quality of Life

Purpose::With the increasing level of automation in automobiles, the advent of autonomous vehicles has reduced the tendency of drivers and passengers to focus on the task of driving. The increasing automation in automobiles reduced the drivers' and passengers' focus on driving, which allowed occupants to choose a more relaxed and comfortable sitting position. Meanwhile, the occupant's sitting position went from a frontal, upright position to a more relaxed and reclined one, which resulted in the existing restraint systems cannot to keep occupants safe and secure. This study aimed to determine the effects of different reclining states on occupants' lumbar and neck injuries.Methods::This is an original research on the field of automotive safety engineering. Occupants in different initial sitting positions (25°, 35°, 45°, and 55°) were adapted to changes in seat back angle and restraint systems and placed in the same frontal impact environment. Neck injury indexes, lumbar axial compression force and acceleration, as well as occupant dynamic response during the impact, were compared in different sitting positions. The injury response and kinematic characteristics of occupants in different reclining positions were analyzed by the control variable method.Results::As the sitting angle increased, the occupant's head acceleration decreased, and the forward-lean angle decreased. Occupants in the standard sitting position had the greatest neck injury, with an N ij of 0.95, and were susceptible to abbreviated injury scale 2+ cervical medullary injuries. As the seatback angle increased, the geometric position of the lumbar spine tended to be horizontal, and the impact load transmitted greater forces to the lumbar spine. The occupant's lumbar injury was greatest in the lying position, with a peak axial compression force on the lumbar region of 5.5 KN, which was 2.3 KN greater than in the standard sitting position. Conclusion::The study of occupant lumbar and neck injuries based on different recline states can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing lumbar evaluation indexes, which is conducive to the understanding of the lumbar injury mechanism and the comprehensive consideration of occupant safety protection.

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of two-dimensional ultrasound(2D-US), three-dimensional volume ultrasound (3D-US) and ultrasound strain elastography (USE) in the measurement of preoperative tumor size of breast cancer and its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 101 patients with breast cancer in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from April to November 2016 were recruited in this study. The maximum diameter of the lesion was examined by 2D-US 3D-US and USE before core needle biopsy or surgery biopsy. The Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to analyze the consistency between the ultrasonic technique measurements and the pathological measurements of postoperative lesion. Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used to analyze whether the accuracy of three imaging techniques was affected by different clinical pathologic factors and imaging characteristics.Results:3D-US showed better agreement with histology than 2D-US and USE, with a higher ICC (ICC 3D-US=0.90>ICC 2D-US=0.81>ICC SUE=0.78) and low variation. In 3D-US, the accuracy rate of the age >40 years old group was higher than ≤40 years old group. In 2D-US, the measurement accuracy of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) without intraductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) group was higher than DCIS with DCIS group, non-microcalcifications group was more accurate than microcalcifications group. The long diameter of lesion ≤2 cm group was more accurate than >2 cm group, IDC group was more accurate than invasive lobular carcinoma(ILC) group. In USE, the measurement accuracy of IDC without DCIS group was higher than DCIS with DCIS group, non-microcalcifications group was more accurate than microcalcifications group. All the differences mentioned above were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusions:For accurate measurement of the size of breast cancer lesions, 3D-US is the best, which is least affected by clinicopathological factors and imaging features, followed by 2D-US and USE. This has certain significance for clinically determining the extent of breast cancer lesions.

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy in combination with intravitreal dexamethasone and vancomycin Derfusion in the management of severe post-traumatic endophthalmitis.METHODS:30 eyes diagnosed as posttraumatic infectiouis endophthalmitis were analyzed retrospectivly from April 2004 to April 2006.All the patients underwent vitrecLomy in combination with intravitreal drugs perfusion and were followed up for 12 to 24 weeks.The visual acuity,traumatic causes and microorganisms culture were analyzed.RESULTS:There are significant reduction in inflammation at 3 months after surgery.Infectious symptoms were completely controlled in 97% of the Cases(29/30).Final visual acuity were improved in 93% of cases (28/30).Among traumatic causes,foreign body is the most common cause (57%).StaphylococCUS aureus is the commonest microorganism.CONCLUSION:Vitrectomy in combination with intravitreal dexamethasone and vancomydn peffusion iS the most effective method in the treatment of Severe posttraumatic endophthamitis.

Objective To study multiple cytokine mRNA expressions of bone marrow stromal cells in patients with multiple myeloma(MM),as well as to explore the role of these cytokines in the occurrence and development of MM.Methods Semi-quantitiative RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of IL- 1?,IL-6,SCF,TPO.Results The mRNA expression levels of IL-1? and IL-6 were higher than that of nor- mal controls and other hematological malignancies(P