The object of this study is to preparate the berberine hydrochloride (BBH) resin compound with taste masking effect. We took the BBH as the model drug and Amberlite IRP69 as the drug carriers, uncovered the curve of solubility of BBH in different cosolvent with a certain range of temperature, and then used it to calculate the parameters during the preparation of the complex such as adding quantity of BBH and the reaction temperature. Afterwards, the characteristic and in vitro release experiments were studied to verify the formation and predict the in vivo release behavior of the complex. The results showed that in the condition of using 60% ethanol as a cosolvent and stirring at 50 ℃ for 1 h, the drug loading and drug availability of the complex are at about 35% and 64%, respectively, and has a better taste-masking effect. In this study, a method was provided for preparing a taste-masking preparation of BBH.

In this paper, microcrystalline cellulose WJ101 was used as a model material to investigate the effect of various process parameters on granule yield and friability after dry granulation with a single factor and the effect of comprehensive inspection process parameters on the effect of granule yield and friability, then the correlation between process parameters and granule quality was established. The regress equation was established between process parameters and granule yield and friability by multiple regression analysis, the affecting the order of the size of the order of the process parameters on granule yield and friability was: rollers speed > rollers pressure > speed of horizontal feed. Granule yield was positively correlated with pressure and speed of horizontal feed and negatively correlated rollers speed, while friability was on the contrary. By comparison, fitted value and real value, fitted and real value are basically the same of no significant differences (P > 0.05) and with high precision and reliability.
Cellulose ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Hardness ; Models, Chemical ; Particle Size ; Regression Analysis ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloric(PHC)pretreatment on the expression of β-arrestin-2 in the lung tissue in sepsis-induced acute lung injury in mice.Methods Thirty female Ktmming mice,aged 6 weeks,weighing 18-20 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups(n =10 each):sham operation group(group S); sepsis group(group CLP)and penehyclidine hydrochloric pretreatment group(group PHC).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)in groups CLP and PHC.Penehyclidine hydrochloric 0.45 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h before CLP in group PHC.While the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of penehyclidine hydrochloric in groups S and CLP.At 12 h of CLP,the animals were sacrificed,and the lung tissues were removed for determination of MPO activity(by colorimetry),IL-6 content(by ELISA),β-arrestin-2 mRNA and protein expression(by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively).Blood samples and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected to calculate pulmonary vascular permeability index(PV PI).Results Compared with group S,PVPI,IL-6 content and MPO activity were significantly increased,the expression of β-arrcstin-2 protein was significantly down-regulaled while the expression of β-arrestin-2 mRNA was up-regulated in group CLP,and PVPI,IL-6 content and MPO activity were significantly incrcased,the expression of β-arrestin-2 protein was significantly up-regulated,while the expression of β-arrestin-2 mRNA was down-regulated in group PHC(P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group CLP,PVPI,IL-6 content,and MPO activity were significantly decreased,the expression of β-arrestin-2 protein was significantly up-regulated,while the expression of β-arrestin-2 mRNA was dow n-regulated in group PHC(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PHC pretreatment can attenuate the lung injury induced by sepsis in mice through up-regulating the expression of β-arrestin-2 protein.

Objective To produce a novel tool for breaking off the ampoule bottles,which can protect the nurses from wounding their fingers by the glass fragment so as to guarantee the safety for the nurses. Methods We design a mould with the self curing plastic and leave some space in the end to insert the ampoule bottle,then fix the bistrique and spring to break off the bottles. Results This tool can break off several kinds of ampoule bottles with any bottles cracked and has achieved good clinical effect. Conclusion This mulfunctional tool is scientificly designed,easy to make,and it is very helpful for the medical staff in protection and enhancing working efficiency,so it is very valuable to be popularized in hospitals.

This study was to build a canine portal hypertension model by intra-portal administration of high polymer material polyurethane and organic solvent tetrahydrofuran mixed solutions in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Twelve local crossbreed dogs were selected randomly, with intra-portal administration of 8% (weight/volume) polyurethane- tetrahydrofuran solutions through an incision in the upper abdomen to build the portal hypertension model. We measured the portal vein pressure before modeling, during modeling, and four-, eight-, and twelve- weeks after modeling, respectively. Then we evaluated the effectiveness of the model comparing values of data with those data obtained before modeling started, which were regarded as the normal values. The results showed that the portal vein pressure rose by 2. 5 times after the solution administrated instantly as much as that before modeling, and maintained at 1. 5 times after 4 weeks. This method presents an easy operation, low animal mortality and reliable model of portal hypertension. Its less abdominal adhesions and its ability in keeping normal anatomic structure specially make it suit for surgical research of portal hypertension.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Furans ; adverse effects ; Hypertension, Portal ; Polyurethanes ; adverse effects ; Portal Vein ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate reliability of the infra-nipple broken line incision for breast augmentation.
Methods From January 2012 to January 2013, 15 patients underwent primary bilateral retromuscular breast augmentation with round textured silicone-gel implants and a novel infra-nipple broken line incision. Preoperatively, a semicircular incision was marked along the inferior base of the nipple. It was then extended bilaterally using two transverse right-angled geometric broken lines within the pigmented areolar skin. Follow-up was performed to evaluate the sensation of nipple-areolar complex, the scar, and the shape and texture of the breasts.
Results The average follow-up was 6.7 months. Most of the patients complained of paresthesia of the nipple or breast skin, but transient decreased sensation improved within 3 months. No patients showed permanent sensory changes of the nipple areolar complex at a minimum follow-up of 4 months. The scars were imperceptible in all patients.
Conclusion We believe that for selected patients, the infra-nipple broken line incision is a practical and reliable method to achieve aesthetic result.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions and action mechanisms of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors TrkA and p75NTR in the oncogenesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa).

METHODSUsing immunohistochemistry, we detected the expressions of TrkA and p75NTR in 62 PCa and 35 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples, and conducted statistical analysis on the basis of clinical data.

RESULTSIndependent-samples t-test showed that, along with poorer tissue differentiation or higher clinical stage of PCa, the expression of TrkA was significantly up-regulated, that of p75NTR remarkably down-regulated, and the expression ratio of TrkA to p75NTR markedly increased. The TrkA/p75NTR ratio was 0.32 in the BPH, 0.52 in the PCa tissue with Gleason score of 6, 1.65 in the PCa tissue with Gleason score of 7, 5.75 in the PCa tissue with Gleason score ≥ 8, 0.89 in the clinical stage of pT2, 1.5 in pT3 a, 3.75 in pT3b, and 7.00 in pTxN1.

CONCLUSIONThe abnormally increased expression ratio of TrkA to p75NTR might be one of the essential features of malignant transformation of prostate cells. A higher TrkA/p75NTR expression ratio may be associated with a lower tissue differentiation, a higher clinical stage or Gleason score, and therefore a poorer prognosis.

Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Receptor, trkA ; metabolism ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

The change of the effective components (liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin) contents of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GRR) before and after compatibilities in Sini decoction was studied in this paper. Taking single GRR decoction, GRR-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP) decoction, GRR-Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) decoction and Sini decoction as test samples, the contents changing of the four effective components of GRR were measured by HPLC. The results showed that the contents of the four effective components of GRR in the single GRR decoction was higher than that in other samples, and the sequence was single GRR decoction > GRR-ZR decoction > GRR-ALRP decoction > Sini decoction. The contents of liquiritin were 11.18, 9.89, 9.67, 9.17 mg · g(-1); the contents of glycyrrhizic acid were 20.76, 15.58, 11.30, 8.52 mg · g(-1); the contents of liquiritigenin were 0.66, 0.57, 0.45, 0.24 mg · g(-1); the contents of isoliquiritigenin were 0.14, 0.07, 0.03, 0.01 mg · g(-1). Therefore, the effective components of GRR decreased obviously after GRR compatibility with ZR providing scientific basis for GRR relieving the strong nature of ZR. The effective components of GRR decreased sharply after GRR compatibility with ALRP providing scientific support for the material foundation research of GRR reducing the toxicity of ALRP. The effective components of GRR decreased further in Sini decoction indicating that the three medicines in Sini decoction were interactional, which reflecting the scientific connotation of the mutual-restraint/mutual-detoxication, mutual-promotion/mutual-assistance compatibilities in Sini decoction.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor in activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in lung of mice with LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI).

METHODSEighty-eight BABL/c mice were divided into control group (n = 8), LPS group (n = 40), and LPS + AT1 receptor antagonist ZD7155 group (n = 40) according to the random number table. Puncture of trachea was done in all mice. Mice in LPS + ZD7155 group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg ZD7155. Mice in LPS and control groups were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline in the same volume as that of ZD7155. Thirty minutes later, 1 mg/mL LPS was dripped into trachea of mice in LPS and LPS + ZD7155 groups (2 mg/kg). Normal saline in the same volume as that of LPS was dripped into trachea of mice in control group. Lung tissue samples of mice in LPS and LPS + ZD7155 groups were harvested at post dripping hour (PDH) 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24. Lung tissue sample of mice in control group was harvested at PDH 24. Expression of AT1 receptor was determined with Western blot. AP-1 and NF-kappaB activity in lung tissue was detected with electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance.

RESULTSThe relative expression amount of AT1 receptor protein in lung tissue of mice in LPS group at each time point was increased obviously as compared with that of mice in control group (0.69 +/- 0.28, F = 9.356, with P values all below 0.01), and it peaked at PDH 6 (3.44 +/- 0.90), while that of mice in LPS + ZD7155 group was less than that in LPS group at each time point (F = 9.356, with P values all below 0.01). NF-kappaB activity in mice lung was markedly increased in LPS group at each time point as compared with mice in control group (5.47 +/- 0.08, F = 26.443, with P values all below 0.05), and its peak value in LPS group was found at PDH 3 (52.33 +/- 3.25). While NF-kappaB activity in mice of LPS + ZD7155 group was obviously lower than that in LPS group at each time point (F = 26.443, with P values all below 0.05). AP-1 activity in lung was enhanced significantly in LPS group at each time point as compared with that in control group (2.5 +/- 0.4, F = 34.685, with P values all below 0.05), and the activity peaked at PDH 6 (73.3 +/- 9.5) in LPS group. The activity was obviously weaker in mice in LPS + ZD7155 group as compared with that in LPS group at each time point (F = 34.685, with P values all below 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAT1 receptor contributes to LPS-induced ALI through activating NF-kappaB and AP-1 in lung tissue.

Acute Lung Injury ; metabolism ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of focal fractional laser treatment(FFLT)for atrophic acne scars. Methods A randomized, self-controlled study was performed. A total of 20 patients with atrophic facial acne scars were enrolled into this study. Treatments were randomly administered in a split-face manner. Half of each subject′s face received FFLT(FFLT side), and the other half underwent full-face fractional CO2 laser resurfacing(control side), for one session. All the patients were followed up for 3 months after the treatment. Evaluation was based on the ECCA grading scale (échelle d′évaluation clinique des cicatrices d′acné)and patient satisfaction score. A VISIA skin detector was used to take photographs and evaluate skin texture. Moreover, physical parameters of the skin, including erythema index, melanin index and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), were measured. Adverse effects were recorded and evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out by paired t test, Wilcoxon paired rank test, Fisher′s exact test and repeated-measure analysis of variance. Results The ECCA score decreased from 51.24 ± 17.61 at the baseline to 34.46 ± 14.99 at 3 months after the treatment at the FFLT side(t = 7.886, P < 0.05), and from 50.96 ± 18.96 to 38.29 ± 14.86 at the control side(t =6.123, P < 0.05), and was significantly lower in the FFLT side than in the control side (t = 4.462, P < 0.05)at 3 months after the treatment. The improvement rate was significantly higher in the FFLT side than in the control side (32.75% vs. 24.86%, P = 0.016 by Fisher′s exact test)at 3 months after the treatment. Decreased pain and edema scores were observed at the FFLT side compared with the control side at 1 hour after the treatment (both P < 0.05), but no significant difference was noted in the duration of erythema or crusting between the two sides (both P > 0.05). Compared with those before the treatment, skin texture scores decreased in both sides (both P < 0.05), and were significantly lower in the FFLT side than in the control side at 3 months after the treatment(P < 0.05). The erythema index was significantly lower in the FFLT side than in the control side in both scarred areas and non-scarred areas on day 1 after the treatment (both P < 0.05). Both melanin index and TEWL at the FFLT side were significantly increased in scarred areas, but decreased in non-scarred areas compared with those at the control side within 3 days after the treatment (all P < 0.05). Similarly, the water content of the stratum corneum at the FFLT side was significantly lower in scarred areas, but higher in non-scarred areas compared with that at the control side between day 1 and 7 after the treatment (both P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the erythema index, TEWL or water content of the stratum corneum between the FFLT side and control side at scarred areas or non-scarred areas(all P > 0.05)from 2 weeks to 3 months after the treatment(all P > 0.05). Conclusion FFLT can improve therapeutic outcomes in atrophic acne scars with reduced adverse reactions.