Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Carotid Arteries ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; blood supply ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply

Organic anion transport polypeptide 1 B1 (OATP1 B1) belongs to the solute carrier(SLC) superfamily,which is mainly responsible for the transfer of internal and external substances into liver cells for metabolism.This review describes the regulation of related nuclear receptors and nuclear factor-kappa B pathway on OATP1B1 mRNA and protein expression in order to guide rational drugs use,predict drug-drug interactions,and reduce adverse drug reactions.

Objective To identify the effect of six components of salviae miltiorrhizae on the metabolism of fluvastatin in the human liver microsomes (HLMs) and to further explore the effect of cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ on the metabolism of fluvastatin based on the polymorphism (* 1,* 2,* 3) of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9).Methods Establishing the incubation system of HLMs and recombinase and determining the concentration of fluvastatin by HPLC.To calculate the enzyme kinetic parameters,half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and inhibition constant (Ki) so as to compare the impact of different CYP2C9 mutation site on the metabolism of fluvastatin and the influence of components of salviae miltiorrhizae on the metabolism process.Results It was shown that cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ exerted significant inhibition on the metabolism of fluvastatin and the residual activity were 30.24％,14.52％ respectively when the concentrations were 10 μmol · L-1 in the HLMs.However,other exhibited no inhibitory effect.The michaelis constant (Km),maximum velocity (Vmax) and intrinsic clearance (CLint) of CYP2C9 * 1,* 2,* 3 recombinase-catalyzed fluvastatin was (1.56±0.21),(1.79±0.25),(2.32±0.43)μmol· L-1,(41.75±1.67),(26.55±1.08),(12.85±0.79) pmol · min-1 · mg-1 and 26.71,14.86,5.53 μL · min-1 · mg-1 respectively.It was indicated that the metabolic activity of CYP2C9 * 1 was stronger than * 2,* 3.The IC50 value of CYP2C9 * 1,* 2,* 3 recombinase-catalyzed fluvastatin by cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ was (1.74 ± 0.41),(2.64 ± 0.81),(3.17 ± 0.32) μmol · L-1 and (0.19 ±0.09),(0.56 ±0.16),(1.52 ±0.34) μmol · L-1.The IC50 and Ki value of CYP2C9 * 1 was less than * 2 and * 3 but there was statistical significance between the * 1 and * 3 with respect to the difference of IC50 and Ki.Conclusion The mutation site of 430(C ＞ T) and 1075 (A ＞ C) could influence the metabolic activity of CYP2C9.The cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ exerted strong inhibitory effect against CYP2C9 recombinase-catalyzed fluvastatin and their inhibitions on CYP2C9 * 1,* 2,* 3 recombinase-catalyzed fluvastatin were different.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors has become the subject of intensified research in the last several years. Vitamin D deficiency has recently been proposed as a possible environmental risk factor for ASD. Vitamin D has a unique role in brain homeostasis, embryogenesis and neurodevelopment, immunological modulation (including the brain's immune system), antioxidation, antiapoptosis, neural differentiation and gene regulation. Children with ASD had significantly lower serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D than healthy children.Therefore vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and early childhood may be an environmental trigger for ASD.
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ; etiology ; genetics ; Embryonic Development ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Vitamin D ; physiology ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; complications

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical application of transumbilical double-hole laparoscopic operation for incarcerated inguinal hernia in the infants.

METHODSForty-eight cases with incarcerated inguinal hernia (male 39, female 9) aging from 4 months to 3 years (mean 1.2 +/- 0.8 years) received the laparoscopic transumbilical double-hole operation (LTO group) during April.2003 to April.2004. Thirty cases were left side incarcerated inguinal hernia, 12 cases were right side and 6 cases were bilateral. Fifty infants of incarcerated inguinal hernias treated with traditional operation served as controls (TO group). The mean operation time, length of stay, return of bowel function and postoperative complication were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSAll cases of both groups recovered without any complication. The operation time, average hospitalization and return of bowel function in LTO were (30 +/- 5) min, (7.8 +/- 0.3) h and (4.4 +/- 0.3) d, respectively, and in TO were (43 +/- 6) min, (23.3 +/- 2.4) h and (6.7 +/- 0.4) d, respectively. There was a significant difference in the two groups (P < 0.05). The patients in both groups were followed up for 3 months to one year. LTO group had no recurrence or atrophy of testis and TO group had one relapse of hernia.

CONCLUSIONSTransumbilical double-hole laparoscopic operation is safe and microinvasive. It is a useful microinvasive procedure in the treatment of incarcerated inguinal hernia for infant.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hernia, Inguinal ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of varicella outbreak in Jiading District in Shanghai from 2015 to 2018. Methods Varicella epidemic report data was collected from the national system of disease control and prevention and analyzed by spatial-temporal scanning statistic methods. Results There were 5 889 varicella cases reported from the year 2015 to 2018, and the annual average incidence rate was 91.68 per 100 000.The incidence rate for children below 3 years old was found to be the highest, reaching 621.45 per 100 000, which was significantly higher than that for the group of 18 years old and above (χ²=16 616.788, P < 0.001).There were 5.41% and 5.31% of the cases in September and February, respectively, which were lower than other months, and the peak incidence occurred in December and November, accounting for 13.41% and 11.95%, respectively.The highest and lowest incidence rates were 151.80 per 100 000 occurring in central urban area and 59.89 per 100 000 in rural area, respectively.The spatial-temporal scanning showed that the low population density area had a wide cluster range and a low effect value.The high population density area has small cluster range and high effect value. Conclusion The incidence of vanicella presents a trend of population, seasonal and regional clustering.Therefore, targeted measure should be taken to prevent varicella in focus population.

Objective To establish a high performance liquid chroma-tography-tandem mass spectrometry ( UPLC-MS/MS) method to deter-mination the plasma concentration of cefdinir and to study the pharmaco-kinctics and bioequivalence of three kinds of cefdinir formulations in healthy volunteers.Methods In a randomized, 3 way-crossover and self-control study, 24 healthy male volunteers were orally administrated with three kinds of cefdinir formulations ( test sample and reference sam-ple) 100 mg.The concentrations of cefdinir in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS.The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.Results The method was validated by investigating the accuracy and precision for intra and inter -day runs in a linear concentration from 11.50-2300.00 ng· mL-1.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test (cefdinir tables A drug, cefdinir dispersible tables B drug ) and reference (cefdinir capsules, C drug ) formulations in plasma were shown as follows:tmax were (3.00 ±0.80),(3.20 ±0.90) and (3.50 ±0.70) h ; Cmax were (548.96 ±184.58 ), ( 607.09 ±236.38 ) and ( 570.18 ±172.37 ) ng· mL-1;t1/2 were ( 2.00 ±0.30),(1.90 ±0.40)and (1.90 ±0.30) h; AUC0-t were ( 2755.35 ±956.10 ) , ( 3037.49 ±1014.42 ) and (2756.43 ±804.06 ) ng · mL-1 · h, respectively.The relative bioavailability F were ( 104.20 ±37.50 )% and (111.50 ±29.70)%.Conclusion The method was proved to be accurate, rapid and sensitive.The three kinds of cefdinir formulations are bioequivalent in healthy volunteers.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of Hadeco ES-1000spm hand-held doppler during the anterolateral thigh(ALT)flap harvest.Methods Twenty-five patients(26 sides)with ALT flaps for head and neck reconstruction between May 2005 and May 2010 received preoperative Doppler examination for the location of the cutaneous perforators of ALT flaps.The Doppler signals and body mass index(BMI)were recorded preoperatively according to ABC system.The locations of Doppler signals and of the actual cutaueous perforators at surgery were plotted and compared.The diameter of perforators was measured.Results One to three cutaneous perforators of the ALT flap were consistently found at specific locations.They were named perforators A,B,C from proximal to distal.Perforators A,B and C were present in 15(58%),24(92%)and 20(77%)cases and the diameter(>0.5 mm)of A,B and C were 11/15,22(92%)and 8(40%)respectively.The Doppler signal was within 0.5 cm of the actual perforator location in 85% flaps.The accuracy of Doppler decreased with increase of BMI.Conclusions Preoperative assessment by hand-held Doppler is useful in predicting the perforator vessels'locations and diameter although it's accuracy is limited.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) can be involved in the processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and hematopoiesis, and its dysregulation is closely associated with the development and progression of malignant tumors including leukemia and may affect the treatment outcome and prognosis of pediatric patients. Identification of STAT5 can facilitate targeted therapy to improve the response rate of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This article reviews the impact of STAT5 on the development/progression, targeted therapy strategies and the prognosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Child ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; STAT5 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo construct a prokaryotic expression vector for apoptin and prepare polyclonal antibody of apoptin.

METHODSApoptin gene amplified from pGEM-T/Apoptin plasmid by PCR was cloned into pET-28a (+). E.coli BL21 (DE3) was transformed by the recombinant plasmid, and apoptin protein expression induced by IPTG was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. BALB/c mice were immunized with the protein and the titer of the antibody was determined using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSApoptin gene was successfully cloned into pET-28a (+), and the expression of a protein with relative molecular mass of about 17 000 was identified by SDA-PAGE. After 5 immunizations of the mice with the protein, the blood antibody titer reached 1:5x10(5).

CONCLUSIONThe prokaryotic expression vector for apoptin is successfully constructed and the polyclonal antibody of apoptin is obtained, which allows further functional study of apoptin.

Animals ; Antibodies ; blood ; genetics ; immunology ; Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Genome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plasmids