Virtual reality simulators and surgical demonstration were used in laparoscopic teaching combining teacher' guiding with students' practice to improve the teaching effectiveness hecause of the limitations of the traditional apprenticeship teaching methods.The new method was applied for 2 cycles and for 6 weeks.The results showed that the teaching methods of virtual reality simulators combined with surgical demonstration can significantly improve the effectiveness of laparoscopic teaching and shorten the initial learning curve,therefore it is worth promoting in laparoscopic operation training and teaching.

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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of domestic Oseltamivir granules in the treatment of influenza A in children.Methods The research subjects were the hospitalized patients with influenza A coming from the Department of Infectious Disease in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center.from January and March,2014 They were divided into 2 groups randomly.Patients in the treatment group received domestic Oseltamivir granules,while the patients in the control group received foreign Oseltamivir.Chi square test was performed to compare baseline characteristics and the difference in side effects.Paired t test was used to compare baseline characteristics and the difference in side effects.Results There were 44 cases in the study group,27 cases were male(61.36％),17 cases were female (38.64％),and the average age was (2.40 ± 1.97) years old.There were 40 cases in the control group,28 cases were male (70.00％),12 cases were female (30.00％),and the average age was (2.99-± 3.19) years old.The maximum age was 6 years old.The age and gender were not significant (P ＞ 0.05) between 2 groups.The fever remission time was (14.67-± 9.37) h and (11.80-± 9.98) h in the treatment group and the control group,and there was no significant difference between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05);the flu symptoms completely remission time was (62.50 ± 25.03) h and (65.40 ± 36.74) h in the treatment group and the control group,and there was no significant difference between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05);the adverse reaction was not observed in the treatment group,but 1 case in the control group had cough,and without special treatment cough alleviated gradually;the close contacts in 2 groups did not develop influenza A.Conclusions The domestic Oseltamivir granules are as effective and safe as the foreign Oseltamivir.And the domestic Oseltamivir granules are the granular type,and therefore more suitable for children

OBJECTIVE: To establish an artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting mycophenolic acid (MPA) pharmacokinetics in renal transplantation recipients by limited sampling strategy. METHODS: Sixty-four Chinese renal transplantation recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) were investigated. Eleven serum samples were drawn on different days after transplantation. MPA plasma concentration was determined by HPLC and ANN was established after the network parameters were optimized by using momentum method combined with genetic algorithm. RESULTS: When using MPA plasma concentrations at 0, 0.5 and 2 h after MMF administration to predict MPA concentration, the mean prediction error and mean absolute prediction error were (0.39±1.24) and (0.90±0.94) μg·mL-1, respectively. There was no significant difference between the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the predicted MPA concentrations vs those obtained from the measured MPA concentrations. CONCLUSON: ANN can be used to predict MPA pharmacokinetics by limited sampling strategy.

Objective To explore the mechanism of HPV infection in carcinogenesis and progression of colon cancer. Methods Human colon cancer cells, HCT116 (with wild-type p53) and SW480 (with mutant-type p53), were transfected by HPV16 E6E7 oncogenes using a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector system. The transfection efficiency was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of HPV16 E6 genes was determined by Western blot. The cell proliferation and cell cycle was studied by MTT method and flow cytometry. Results Western blot confirmed the expression of E6 gene in colon cells that were infected by rAAV-E6E7. The population doubling time of HCT116 cell, which was more than 48 hours at control group, decreased to 33 hours. HPV16 E6E7 increased cell percentage of S phase and decreased cell percentage of G0/G1. The population doubling time of SW480 cell was 77.06% decreased and the OD540 was 47.18% increased with interference of HPV16 E6E7 gene. Conclusion HPV16 E6E7 oncogene precipitates the proliferation and positively controls cell cycle of HCT116 and SW480 human colon cancer cells. HPV infection may closely relate to the carcinogenesis and progression of colon cancer.

Objective To investigate the relationship between HPV infection and human colorectal carcinogenesis. Methods Colorectal carcinoma specimens from 72 Chinese patients were studied. DNA extracted from colorectal tissue was screened for HPV L1 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HPV subtype 6,11, 16, and 18 were detected by PCR using specific primers and in situ hybridization using specific probe. Results Twenty-four specimens out of 72 (33%) colorectal cancer were HPV L1 positive. The normal colorectal mucosa was HPV L1 negative. The location, infiltration and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma were all significantly related with HPV infection. The predominant HPV subtype was HPV 16,which was found in 58% of all HPV-positive colorectal carcinoma. Conclusion The presence of HPV DNA suggests that HPV may be involved in the carcinogenesis of colorectal carcinoma. HPV infection is closely related with the malignant potential of colorectal cancer.

To establish a new kind of minimally invasive surgical model of transurethral prostate enucleation operation and method that makes the operation easier and reduces the surgeon learning curve.According to the order and the path of surgical operation,prostate enucleation operation is split into 4 different modules named as A,B,C,D,and it is called modular transurethral enucleation of the prostate.The operation mode optimizes the process of operation design, modularizes the contents of surgical procedures,processes,and reduces the difficulty of the operation,and simplifies the surgical procedure,which can effectively shorten the operation time and make it easy for beginners to carry out and control the procedure.It has a great popularization value.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of GreenLight 120-W laser photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) versus transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSWe searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, CNKI, and VIP for randomized control trials and their references addressing 120-W PVP versus TURP in the treatment of BPH. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently accomplished the screening, quality assessment, and data extraction of the identified studies and performed meta-analyses using RevMan 5.2.

RESULTSTotally, 6 randomized control trials were included in this analysis, involving 703 cases, 351 treated by PVP and 352 by TURP. Compared with TURP, PVP showed significantly decreased time of catheterization (by 32. 55 hours, 95% CI 15.3 -49.8, P < 0.01), hospital stay (by 1.85 days, 95% CI 1.2-2.5, P < 0.01), and intraoperative blood loss (by 15.6 g/L, 95% CI 10.0-21.2, P < 0.01), but increased time of operation (by 9.37 minutes, 95% CI 5. 1-13.6, P < 0.01). There was also a significant reduction in blood transfusion, TUR syndrome, and capsular perforation in the PVP group. At 12 months after surgery, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the improvement of maximum urinary flow rate, IPSS, postvoid residual, and sexual function.

CONCLUSIONGreenLight 120-W laser PVP is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of BPH, with similar effectiveness to TURP but less blood loss, shorter time of catheterization and hospital stay, and lower incidences of blood transfusion, TUR syndrome and capsular perforation.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Prostate ; surgery ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To observe the clinical effect of monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside sodium injection (GM1) on spastic cerebral palsy. Methods 98 children with spastic cerebral palsy were randomly divided into control group (n=50) and treatment group (n=48). Both groups received Bobath approach, and the treatment group received GM1 in addition. They were assessed with Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM), Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Gesell Development Schedule (GDS) before and after 90 days of treatment. Results The scores of WeeFIM, all the dimensions of GMFM and the gross motor, fine motor, personal-social and adaption of the GDS improved in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion GM1 may further improve the recovery of function for children with spastic cerebral palsy.

SARS-CoV is a newly discovery pathogen causing severe acute respiratory problems.It has been established that the S protein in this pathogen plays an important rule in the adsorption and penetration of SARS-CoV into the host cell by interaction with the ACE2 receptor.To determinant which functional motif of the S protein was involved in the interaction with ACE2,seven truncated S proteins deleted from the N or C terminal were obtained by an E.coli expression system and purified by column chromatography to homogeneity.Each truncated S protein was fixed on to the well of an ELISA plate and an interaction was initiated with the ACE2 protein.The adsorption were quantified by ELISA,and the results indicated that amino acids from 388 to 496 of the S protein was responsible for the interaction with the ACE2 receptor,and the interaction could be completely disrupted by an antibody specific to these amino acids.Deletions adjacent to this domain did not appear to have a significant impact on the interaction with ACE2,suggesting that the S protein of SARS-CoV could be developed as a vaccine to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV.