Heterotrimeric G proteins are classes of signal-transducing proteins that bind to guanine nucleotides and possess GTP hydrolase activity. G proteins are composed of three subunits α, β, and γ, and are considered as the "molecular switch" in the GPCR signaling pathway. The abnormal activation of G protein is strongly related to diseases such as uveal melanoma, asthma, et al., making directly targeting G protein as an promising strategy for combating diseases. In this review, the classification and physiological functions of G protein are briefly described, and the research progress of G proteins in diseases, G protein modulators are reviewed.

Objective To study the impact of hepatic steatosis on the safety and prognosis of patients who received partial hepatectomy for liver cancer.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 338 patients who received hepatic resection for liver carcinoma.Results There were 273,44 and 21 patients who had a normal liver,mild steatosis and moderate-to-severe steatosis respectively.There was a significantly higher body mass index in the steatosis group (P ＜ 0.05).The operative time,blood loss,transfusion rate,postoperative hospital stay and ICU stay increased in patients with moderate-severe fatty liver (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Mild steatosis had little impact on partial hepatectomy.Moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis was associated with increased blood loss and perioperative morbidity.

The effects of Wumeiwan (WMW) on TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and NF-kappaBp65 in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) were investigated, the curative effectiveness of WMW vs salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP) was compared, and the action mechanism was analyzed. Fifty-Six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=14 in each group, with equal ratio of male and female): normal control group, model group, SASP group, and WMW group. Except normal control group, the rat UC models in the remaining three groups were established using the method of 2.4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) immunization and acetic acid local enema. The rats in model group, SASP group, and WMW group were treated with distilled water, SASP, and WMW respectively. The changes in the symptoms and signs were observed, and levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and the expression of NF-kappaBp65 in the colonic tissues were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were significantly increased (P<0.01), while those of IL-10 significantly reduced (P<0.01) after establishment of rat UC models as compared with normal control group. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were obviously lower, but the level of IL-10 was obviously higher in WMW and SASP groups than those in model group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were lower, while the level of IL-10 was higher in WMW group than in SASP group. NF-kappaBp65 was expressed negatively or weakly in normal colonic tissues. The positive expression rate of NF-kappaBp65 in WMW group and SASP group was obviously lower than in model group (P<0.01), and there was significant difference between WMW group and SASP group (P<0.05). It was concluded that rat UC model was established successfully. WMW could up-regulate the expression of IL-10, down-regulate the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and inhibit the NF-kappaBp65 activity to adjust immune function, indicating WMW had better curative effects on UC in rats.

This study was aimed to establish the thin layer chromatography (TLC) identification and content determination of Tibetan medicineJi-Ni De-Xie (JNDX). TLC was used to identifyBerberis kansuensisSchneid,Terminalia chebula Retz.,Phyllanthus emblicaandCurcuma LongaL. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of berberine hydrochloride. The results showed that the TLC identification had a good resolution with clear spots and no interference from the negative reference. The content of berberine hydrochloride showed a good linear relationship with the peak area in the range of 0.05-0.45 mg·mL-1. The regression equation wasY = 40 679X-130.56. The average recovery was 99.07%. It was concluded that the established method was easy to operate with good repeatability. It can effectively control the quality of Tibetan medicine JNDX.

ObjectiveTo summarize the echocardiographic diagnosis, clinical classification and prognosis of different types of fetal congenital cardiac malformation (FCMH).MethodsThe echocardiography sonogram characteristics for 429 cases with FCMH were summarized and analyzed by pathological findings and postnatal following-up.ResultsThe incidence of FCMH was 1.3% (429/33 800). In one hundred and seventy-seven caese of single structure malformation, there were 5 cases of Atrial septal defect and 55 cases of interventricular septal defect (34.5%, 61/177). The others including (116 cases): 10 cases of single atrium and 34 cases of single ventricle, 20 cases of Ebstein’s anomaly, 11 cases of tricuspid atresia and 6 cases of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular seprum, 20 cases of pulmonary stenosis, 10 cases of coarctation of aortic arch and 4 cases of interruption of aortic arch, 1 case of pulmonary artery sling. In two hundred and thirty-three cases of symphysic teratism, there were 41 cases of double-outllet right or left ventricle (17.5%, 41/233) and Tetralogy of Fallot (40 cases, 17.2%, 40/233). The others (152 cases) including: 16 cases of complete and 18 cases of corrected transposition of great arteries, 38 cases of atrioventricular septal defect, 30 cases of truncus arteriosus persistens, 8 cases of total and 10 cases of partial abnormal pulmonary venous drainage, 14 cases of hypoplastic right heart and 6 cases of left heart syndrome, 9 cases of pulmonary artery atresia with ventricular septal defect, 2 cases of plysplenia and 1 case of plenia syndrome. Nineteen cases of instructure cardiac anomalies including 16 cases of heart tumor and 3 cases of endocardial ifbroelastosis. Nine cases were missed diagnosis and 7 cases were misdiagnosis. A total of 136 cases couldn′t be cured with an unfavorable outcome. Nighty three cases with severe FCMH could be cured. Fifty four cases needed emergent treatment postnatal, and 146 cases with mild abnormality.ConclusionsFetal congenital malformation of heart diagnosed by antenatal echocardiography is valuable for guiding the clinical decision in prevetion and treatment it can also reduce perinatal mortality with congenital malformation of heart.

Objective To explore clinical significence of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecular(SVCAM - 1),immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti- endothelial cells antibodies(AECA) in Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) and their relationships. Methods SVCAM-1 were detected by ELISA between 55 cases with HSP (40 cases in acute stage and 15 cases in recovery) and 20 controls. Results The levels of serum SVCAM - 1 of the HSPN cases were significantly increased compared with the other HSP. In addition, the serum level of SVCAM - 1 in acute stage HSP children was significantly higher than that in recovery stage and normal controls. IgA AECA positive rate in HSPN was higher than that of without nephritis group. The level of serum SVCAM - 1 in IgA AECA positive children was higher than that of IgA AECA negative children. Conclusion SVCAM - 1 and IgA AECA may participate in the pathogegesis of HSP, and the level of molecule is correlated with the progress of HSP.

Objective:To investigate variety pattern of expression level of TCRV?subfamilies in mononuclear cell in spleen tissue of rats with dampness pathogenic factors and normal rats by using FQ-PCR technique. Methods:32 SD rats were divided into four groups: normal group, external dampness group, internal dampness group, external and internal dampness group. Observing period was 20 days. 3 Rats were randomly selected from each group in order to exam the TCRV? subfamilies expression level. Results:The expression of TCRV?1, TCRV?7, TCRV?9 and TCRV?13 in external dampness group were higher than those in normal group (P

Objective To analyze the features of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary renal neuroendocrine tumors, and to improve the understanding of primary renal neuroendocrine tumors. Methods From January 2008 to June 2015, 5 cases of primary renal neuroendocrine tumors were hospitalized and their data was analyzed retrospectively, with 1 male 4 females, aged 40-73 years with the middle age of 48 years.Tumors were all located in the left kidney, whose diameters arranged from 4 to 9 cm, with an average of 6.5cm.One case presented with hematuria, one case was identified because of abdominal pain, and the other three cases were identified via physical examination.Four cases underwent a renal contrast-enhanced ultrasound, which indicated a medium-hypoechoic mass in three cases and a hyperechoic mass in one case.All five cases underwent CT scan, presenting irregularly shape and density. Calcification was found in three cases on plain scanning.Significantly heterogeneous enhancement was found in three cases and moderate heterogeneous enhancement was found in one case on enhanced scanning. Results All five cases underwent operations, with two cases undergoing radical nephrectomy and three cases undergoing partial nephrectomy.Pathological examination showed three cases of tumor cells arranged in a nest slug or ribbon-like infiltrative growth, with no or rare mitosis and no necrosis, which is consistent with renal carcinoids.Three out of 4 renal hilar lymph nodes containing tumor cells were identified in one case. The tumor cells in another case exhibited a ribbon-like arrangement, with some round nuclei, no significant atypia, and rare mitosis, which is consistent with renal atypical carcinoid.Two out of two renal hilar lymph nodes containing tumor cells were identified in this case. The tumor tissue of one case showed morphologically uniform, medium-sized cells arranged in nest slug form with necrosis, a high nuclear cytoplasm ratio, an obvious allotype and frequent mitosis, which is consistent with renal small cell carcinoma.The immunohistochemistry of the five cases indicated synaptophysin( Syn) and chromogranin A ( CgA) positive in varying degree.One case of renal carcinoid relapsed approximately 78 months after partial nephrectomy, following with radical surgery.The other two cases were followed up for 8 or 27 months and no recurrence or metastasis was detected.One case of renal atypical carcinoid was followed up for 4 months after radical nephrectomy and no recurrence or metastasis was detected.One case of renal small cell carcinoma died of multiple organ failure 11 months after radical nephrectomy plus hepatic metastatic carcinoma radio-frequency ablation approximately.Conclusions Primary renal neuroendocrine tumors are rare clinically. Renal neuroendocrine tumors may be expressed as carcinoid, atypical carcinoid or small cell carcinoma, and the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics and prognosis varied.Primary renal carcinoids may be treated by surgery with a nice prognosis.Patients with primary renal small cell carcinoma require comprehensive treatment, and their prognosis is poor.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) combined with antithymocytic globulin (ATG) in the treatment of severe steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (UD-HSCT).

METHODSTen leukemic patients who developed severe steroid-resistant aGVHD during UD-HSCT received a standard dose of anti-CD25 mAb and a medium or low dose of ATG. The effect on aGVHD control, patients' survival, infection and relapse after the therapy were analyzed.

RESULTSEight of the 10 patients had complete remission and 2 had partial remission after the combined therapy. In the 8 patients with complete remission, 2 developed third degree aGVHD 3-3.5 months after the transplantation, and were managed with a second combined therapy to successfully achieve complete remission. In the total of 12 combined treatments, the median time of therapeutic effect was 5 days (3-10 days); the median complete relief time was 12 days (8-30 days) in the 10 cases. Among the 8 patients who survived for more than 3 months, 7 were diagnosed to have chronic GVHD including 4 with extensive chronic GVHD. No relapse of leukemia was found in these patients. Five patients survived the 2-year-long follow-up after the transplantation with survival time over 2 years; of the 5 patients who died within 2 years after the transplantation, 1 survived for more than one year, and 4 for less than 6 months. Two patients died from invasive fungal infection, two from aGVHD and one from cGVHD-induced multiple organ failure.

CONCLUSIONAnti-CD25 mAb combined with ATG has good therapeutic effect on steroid-resistant sever aGVHD and may help achieve high complete remission rate and long-term survival in leukemic patients after UD-HSCT.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; Male ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effect and feasibility of blood type A donor liver transplantation in blood type O recipients.

METHODSThe clinical data were analyzed in 6 blood type O patients receiving transplantation of the liver grafts from blood type A donors. The clinical effect and outcomes of the transplantations were evaluated to assess the feasibility of ABO incompatible liver transplantation between type A donors and type O recipients.

RESULTSThe operations and the postoperative recovery were smooth in all the 6 recipients. Only one patient died 5 months postoperatively due to liver tumor metastasis, and the other 5 patients survived with the longest survival reaching 14 months. Acute graft rejection occurred in one patient 1 week after the operation on account of abnormally elevated serum bilirubin level, which was successfully managed with immediate methylprednisolone therapy. No such complications as acute graft rejection, bile duct stenosis or bile leakage was found in the other patients.

CONCLUSIONBlood type A donor liver transplantation in type O recipient is feasible in emergency or other special conditions.

ABO Blood-Group System ; immunology ; Adult ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; immunology ; Female ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tissue Donors