AIM:To investigate changes of retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL) thickness and macular retinal thickness in patients with early diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) and disclose the changing trends of RNFL thickness and macular retinal thickness in different stages of early DR.
METHODS:It was a clinical case control study. Through selecting 60 patients ( 120 eyes ) with early DR diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were divided into non - diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group (20 cases, 40 eyes) and mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group (20 cases, 40eyes), moderate NPDR group (20 cases, 40 eyes) . Twenty normal patients ( 40 eyes ) were enrolled as control group. The RNFL thickness of optical nerve ( with circle scan round optic nerve head, scan diameter of 3. 45mm) and the retinal thickness of macular ( around center point with 1000μm diameter ) were measured by optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) , to compare the RNFL thickness changes of the control and early DR patients.
RESULTS:Compared with the control group, the RNFL thickness of optical disc in the inferior quadrant was descended obviously in NDR group ( P < 0. 05 ), with statistically significant difference,; there were no statistically significant difference in other quadrants ( P>0.05). In mild NPDR group, the RNFL thickness of optical disc in the mean and inferior quadrant was significantly descended than that in the NDR group. In moderate NPDR group, the RNFL thickness of optical disc in the mean, superior and inferior quadrant was statistical significance descended than that in the NDR group ( P < 0. 05 ). Compared with the NPDR group, NDR group and control group, the RNFL thickness of optical disc in each quadrant were descended significantly. There was statistically significant difference in macular retinal thickness among the NDR group, mild NPDR and moderate NPDR group ( P<0. 05), the retinal thickness was increased gradually in mild NPDR and moderate NPDR group.
CONCLUSION:With the development in the degree of early DR, RNFL thickness is gradually decreased and retinal thickness is increased, OCT can be observed qualitatively and quantitatively in DR.

AIM: To observe the changes of serum nitric oxide and the production level of IL-1 in different period of coxsackievirus B 4 (CB 4V)-induced insulin-dependent diabetic mice.METHODS: The insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) animal model induced by CB 4V infection was established. Serum nitric oxide level was estimated by nitrate reductase method after infection 72 h,1 week, 3 weeks,6 weeks,8 weeks, respectively. At the same time, level of IL-1 produced by peritoneal M? was measued.RESULTS: (1) Changes of serum nitric oxide: serum nitric oxide level in control group remained normal level. The serum nitric oxide level in diabetic group increased significantly at 72 h after infection(P0.05). (2) IL-1 activities: IL-1 activities were increased obviously from 72 h to 3 weeks after virus infection, but decreased to normal level after 6 weeks.CONCLUSION: Nitric oxide may be one of the important factors in the development of CB 4V-induced IDDM.

G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1(TGR5) is a specific membrane receptor of bile acids , playing an important role in the bile acid signaling network .Its activation has been proved to increase the glycemic control , regulate of blood lipid balance , enhance energy expenditure , exert anti-inflammatory actions and so on .It suggests that TGR5 may play an important role in metabolic diseases .

Objective To investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the army old male hypertensive patients in Beijing. Methods From October 2011 to April 2014, old male patients in the geriatric department of the General Hospital of Chi-nese People's Liberation Army were enrolled and categorized into 3 groups: normotensive, well-controlled hypertensive and poorly-con-trolled hypertensive groups. The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was recorded and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the differences among the groups. Results 719 old male patients were enrolled, 228 in normotensive group, 389 in well-con-trolled hypertensive group and 102 in poorly-controlled hypertensive group. Compared to normotensive group, there was more incidence of angina (OR=2.547, P<0.001), myocardial infarction (OR=2.493, P=0.003), cerebral thrombosis (OR=3.438, P=0.003) and peripheral artery atherosclerotic disease (OR=1.766, P=0.026) in the well-controlled hypertensive group, and it was more of angina (OR=4.123, P<0.001), la-cunar infarction (OR=2.810, P=0.020), cerebral thrombosis (OR=3.484, P=0.001) and peripheral artery atherosclerotic disease (OR=3.773, P<0.001) in the poorly-controlled hypertensive group. There was not significant difference of prevalence of cerebral hemorrhage (0.9%, 1%and 1%, respectively). Conclusion In the army old male hypertensive patients in Beijing, control rate of blood pressure was higher than com-mon population, but the prevalence of ischemic diseases was still higher than in the normotensive patients. Anti-hypertension and control of other risk factors could reduce the mobidity of cerebral haemorrahge.

Objective To develop a sensitive, specific, rapid and easy method for detecting E. coli O157 : H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in food and clinical specimens. Methods A circular probe and capture probe specific for Shiga toxin-2 (stx2) gene had been synthesized and was used for determining the sensitivity of ramification amplification method (RAM). Different serotypes which contained stx2 gene, including an E. coli O157 : H7, an E. coli O46 : H38, an E. coli O111 : NM, an E. coli O22 : H8 and E. coli ATCC23716 (stx2 gene negative) were used for determining the specificity. All strains were detected by RAM to determine whether they contained stx2 gene. Real-time RAM was further studied to detect stx2 gene. Results The lowest number targets detected by RAM assay was 10 copies of stx2, indicating that RAM assay was as sensitive as conventional PCR. The result of specificity showed that different serotypes of strains were all positive for stx2 gene, while nonpathogenic E. coli ATCC23716 was negative. Among 32 isolates, 28 STEC isolates containing stx2 gene were positive by RAM assay, while others were negative. The RAM results were 100% in concordance with that of PCR. The real-time RAM results also showed that as many as 10 bacteria can be detected and the time of appearance of detectable signal was depended on the target concentration. Conclusion RAM assay can offer an alternative method for PCR to detect E. coli O157 : H7 and STEC in all types of specimens because of its simplicity and isothermal amplification.

We wished to screen the cell line that stably expresses the HPV18E5 protein, and to ascertain the influence of HPV18E5 protein on cell proliferation and the cell cycle. The HPV18E5 gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Then, the His-tag pSecTag-HPV18E5 eukaryotic expression vector was constructed by digestion ligation and connection. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into Balb/c3T3 cells with lipofectamine, and positive cell lines were screened by a culture medium containing bleomycin. HPV18E5 expression in cells was confirmed by western blotting and immuno-enzymatic methods. The influence of HPV18E5 on cell proliferation and the cell cycle were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The pSecTag-HPV18E5 eukaryotic expression vector was constructed. After 21-day selection in a culture medium containing 400 μg/mL bleomycin, stably expressing HPV18E5 protein cells were harvested. Compared with control groups, cell proliferation in HPV18E5 stably expressed cells was obviously increased, as was the S phase in the cell cycle. Our results suggested that HPV18E5 influences cell proliferation and the cell cycle. Our study has laid the foundation of the biologic properties of HPV18E5 protein, which will aid further studies on the mechanism of action of carcinogenesis.
Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; metabolism ; Papillomavirus Infections ; physiopathology ; virology ; Transfection

Objective To observe dynamically the expression of insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1)in the brain and liver,and to explore changes in IGF-1 levels.Methods The thread method waa used to establish middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.The expression of IGF-1 on the ischemic side of the cerebral cortex and in the liver wag observed dynamically using immunohistochemical techniques. Results The number of IGF-1-positive cells increased significantly,peaking on the 3rd day in the cortex and the 7th day in the liver.Conclusion The expression of IGF-1 Wag upregulated in the brain after the experimental cerebral ischemia;peripheral humoral regulation of IGF-1 responded more slowly and recovered to some extent at the 7th day after cerebral ischemia.

Objective To investigate the effect of estrogen on the pain score,c-Fos and substance P expressions in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the mice following formalin stimulation.Methods Fifteen C57/BL6 mice were randomized to 3 groups: control group(intact mice without estrogen treatment),OVX+V group(ovariectomized mice given vehicle) and OVX+E group(ovariectomized mice with subcutaneous injection of 2 ?g/d 17?-estradiol for 10 d).Pain score was used to assay the role of estrogen in affecting pain threshold in the mice following formalin injected into the right hind paw,and expressions of c-Fos and substance P in the dorsal horn of spinal cord(L3 to L5) in 2 h after injection of formalin was tested with immunohistochemisty to evaluate neuron activity and pain afferent fibers.Results Pain score was increased in ovariectomized mice following formalin stimulation,which was inhibited by estrogen especially in the early stage of secondary phase.The number of c-Fos-like immunoreactivity neuron(FLIN,P

Objective To study the anti-tumor effect of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine(5-aza-dC) on breast carcinoma xenografted in nude mice. Methods The model of breast carcinoma xenografted in nude mice was established.Ten mice were randomized into the treatment group(treated with 5-aza-dC) and control group(treated with PBS).The mass of the tumors before and after treatment were measured in the two groups,and the inhibition rate of the tumor was calculated and the growth curve was drawn.Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were employed to detect the expression of normal epithelial cell specific-1(NES1)gene. Results The inhibition rate of the tumor in the treatment group was 57.44%,which was significantly different from the control group(P

Objective To establish an animal model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(EF)resulting from hypertension.Methods35 male New-Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to 2 groups:constriction was performed at the abdominal aorta 1 cm just above right renal artery in operated group(n=25),and the sham-operated animals were taken as control group(n=10).The clinical manifestations of heart failure were followed up carefully.Systolic and diastolic function,and systemic hemodynamics were investigated with echocardiography and left ventricle catheter.ResultsIn operated group,marked ventricular hypertrophy was observed 2 weeks after operation.4 weeks after operation,the clinical manifestations of heart failure presented,and IVRT and LVEDP increased,and-dp/dt max decreased.Tissue doppler image indicated that e/a ratio of annulus of mitral valve decreased(P<0.05).However,EF and +dp/dt max were preserved.ConclusionThe operated animals presented the clinical manifestation of heart failure,and diastolic function of left ventricle injured,however,ejection fraction was preserved,which corresponded with the character of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction resulting from hypertension.