This paper briefly analyzed and discussed the current status and major scientific challenges of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulaology research. To promote formulaology research, a new strategy and corresponding technology, network formulaology, were proposed to reveal the complex interaction between functional chemome and biological responses network. The research framework and directions of network formulaology were also summarized and prospected.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Internet ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards

AIM: To observe the role of confocal microscopy in infectious keratitis management.
METHODS:Totally 466 patients (467 eyes) diagnosed as infectious keratitis from January 2010 to December 2013 were retrospectively studied. the corneas were examined early by in vivo confocal microscopy. The characteristics of their images and clinical features were studied and summarized.
RESULTS:All patients were recorded, the average age was 54. 4±13. 0 years, in which 264 cases (56. 7%) were male, and 202 cases ( 43. 3%) were female. In the 466 patients, 190 (40. 8%) were fungal keratitis, 148 (31. 8%) were viral keratitis, 125 (26. 8%) were bacterial keratitis and 3 ( 0.6%) were acanthamoeba keratitis. There were fungal hyphae in the images of fungal keratitis. Amebic cysts were found in acanthamoeba keratitis.
CONCLUSION:Confocal microscope can help the early diagnose and treatment of infectious keratitis. It is a noninvasive imaging technique that provides high resolution images of ocular structures at a cellular level and infectious keratitis represents one of its most important clinical uses.

Objective A HPLC method was established for determination of the content of ATST in the aqueous humor of rabbits. MethodsThe mobile phase was consisting of methanol-1％ triethylamine(57:43) and omeprazole (OMZ) as internal standard. The detection was carried out with an ultraviolet detector operated at 235nm. ResultsThere was linearity over the range of 2. 056～41.12 ug/ml in the humor aquosus, r=0.9997. The average recovery of ATST was 94.58 ％. Intra-day and in- ter-day RSD were less than 5 ％ and 10 ％ ( n = 5), respectively. Conclusion The method is reliable. It can be used for the study on the pharmacokinetics of ATST.

Objective To study the anatomical location and pathology of membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava(IVC)in Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS)with research on the etiologic mechanism and pathology.Methods Analysis of 100 normal adults was performed including the gross anatomy of IVC segment from the level of diaphragm up to right atrium.The conventional,microscopic pathologic examination of the biopsy sampling IVC obstruetice mambrane tissue in 70 cases toghther with the complete resected membrane from the radical therapy for 20 cases of BCS,were collected and under investigation.Results The macroscopic examination revealed the obstructive membrane in one case(1%)localizing at the diaphragmatic level,approximately 28 mm,away from the IVC entrance into the right atrium and a newly found valvula was seen on the left lateral wall of the upper part of the hepatic vein orifice.Simultaneously,47% adults showed Eustachiun valve existing in IVC near the entrance to right atrium.Microscopy confirmed all the forementioned membranes consisting of vascular valvular structures.Among them(21/70),30% showed additional organized thrombus formations,and 9%(6/70)with a few amount of inflammatory cellular infiltrations.The total intact resection membrane was continuous with the vascular wall under microscopic examination.Conclusions The first newly report of the existence of a special valvula at the diaphragmatic level of IVC reveals the possibility of high correlation with the occurance of IVC membranous obstruction type in BCS.

Human erythropoietin receptor (hEPOR) plays an important role in regulating the red blood cell production by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of RBC from erythroid precursors, hEpoR is a transmembrane protein, and its extrocellular domain (sEpoR) is of great importance in Epo signal transduction pathway. We cloned the gene of sEpoR by RT-PCR from the total RNA of human fetal liver and expressed it in E. coli after insertion of the gene in the expression vector pBV220. The cloned gene was confirmed by sequencing analysis and gene product was confirmed by both Western blot and its first 11 amino acid residues sequence of the N-terminal. In vitro bioassay showed that the purified gene product can repress the growth of TF-cells in the presence of Epo.

A set of central composite design experiments were designed by using four factors which were ethanol amount, ethanol concentration, refrigeration temperature and refrigeration time. The relation between these factors with the target variables of the retention rate of schizandrol A, the soluble solids content, the removal rate of fructose and the removal rate of glucose were analyzed with Bayesian networks, and ethanol amount and ethanol concentration were found as the critical process parameters. Then a network model was built with 2 inputs and 4 outputs using back propagation artificial neural networks which was optimized by genetic algorithms. The R2 and MSE from the training set were 0.983 8 and 0.001 1. The R2 and MSE from the test set were 0.975 9 and 0.001 8. The results showed that network analysis method could be used for modeling of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol precipitation process and identify critical operating parameters.
Bayes Theorem ; Chemical Precipitation ; Cold Temperature ; Cyclooctanes ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Fructose ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Glucose ; analysis ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Polycyclic Compounds ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Time Factors

L9 (3(4)) orthogonal experiment was used to design the extraction technology of compound Clematidis Radix spray. Weight coefficients of active ingredients and dry extract rate were solved by information entropy. Support vector machine (SVM) was established and the model parameters were optimized through the genetic algorithm. Grid search algorithm was used for optimization of extraction technology of Clematidis Radix spray. The optimal extraction technology was to extract Clematidis Radix spray in water with 6 times the weight of herbal medicine for 3 times, with 2 h once. Bias of value between real and predicted by SVM was 1.23%. SVM was compared with traditional intuitive analysis of orthogonal design. It indicates that the new method used to optimize the extraction parameters of compound Clematidis Radix spray is more accurate and reliable.
Clematis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Support Vector Machine ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Objective To investigate the clinical features and management of bile duct injury caused by laparoscopic cholecysteetomy by using harmonic scalpel (UHS-LC), and its prevention. Methods The clinical data of 1863 UHS-LC cases from April 2003 to February 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 11 patients suffering from UHS-LC related iatrogenic bile duct injury including intraoperatively immediate recognized injuries in 9 cases, and postoperatively found injuries in 2 cases. For those patients in which bile duct injury was found during the UHS-LC procedure, the patient was converted to open surgery, the injury was repaired accordingly by end-to-end bile duet anastomosis or Roux-en-Y procedure. For the injuries found postoperatively (all two cases were of CBD perforation), CBD was sutured by second stage. Results All the 11 patients recovered well and no biliary stricture occurred during the follow up of 1-5 years. Conclusions While UHS-LC is suitable for most cases of choleeystectomy, it causes significant porcentage of bile duct injury (0. 6% ) in hands of unskillful surgeons. It is important to be on alert against iatrugenic bile duct injuries.

Objective To construct a human phage single chain-antibody library, and to sieve out the antibody ScFv against lung cancer from the library. Methods Total RNA was abstracted from lymph node tissue of the lung cancer, and was used to amplify V_H and V_L gene by RT-PCR. V_H and V_L were joined by a DNA linker by SOE-PCR to form the single chain variable fragment ( ScFv) gene. ScFv gene was coloned into the phage vector pCANT-AB5E. Panning against lung cancer cell line A549 was performed and positive clones were chosen for soluble expression. Results A recombination phage single chain-antibody library was constructed. After 4 rounds panning, the number of eluted phages increased by 115 times. Positive reactions to A549 were detected in 7 of 10 random clones. The human ScFvs against lung cancer were produced and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and ELISA analysis. Conclusion ScFvs against lung cancer were acquired by the construction of phage single chain-antibody library. The soluble ScFvs has specificall avidity to human lung cancer cells.

Objective To obtain the recombinant corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) protein with soluble, high purity protein through optimizing prokaryotic expression condition and purifying glutathione thiol transferase (GST)-CRH protein. Methods To detect the expression of soluble CRH protein through grope of the host strain GST-CRH temperature of induction expression, the host strain concentration (OD600), IPTG concentration and induction time, the purification of GST-CRH was performed by GST-CRH agarose gel. Western Blot assay was used for the expression identification of the target protein. Results The optimal conditions for the induction of CRH protein were determined: temperature of 30 ℃, IPTG induced concentration 0.1 mmol/L, bacteria density (OD600) 0.8, the induction time of 8 hours, purified GST-CRH>95% fusion protein was obtained. Conclusion The optimal expression conditions of GST-CRH are obtained, and the soluble protein of high purity GST-CRH is also obtained.