Objective To investigate the change of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor α1 subunit mRNA expression in nitroglycerin induced migraine rat model,thus suggesting the relationship between GABAA receptor and migraine.Methods Thirty adult female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group,migraine model group,sodium valproate-treated group,each of the last 2 groups was divided into the attacking group and intermission group.The model of migraine was established using Cristina method,once a week for 5 weeks.After the second injection,rats in sodium valproate-treated group were given sodium valproate(0.5 g/L,10 ml/kg) everyday,and those in control group and model group were given normal saline solution(10 ml/kg).After the fifth injection,at the second hour(attacking groups) or the fourth day(intermission groups and control group),reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of GABAA receptor α1 mRNA in brainstem and trigeminal ganglion.Results The expression level of GABAA receptor α1 mRNA in modeling attacking group(1.50 ±0.13) was higher than any other group(control group:1.01 ±0.24,modeling intermission group:1.04 ±0.10,sodium valproate-treated attacking group:0.99 ± 0.22,sodium valproate-treated intermission group:0.72 ± 0.03),and it was significantly higher than modeling intermission group(x2 =9.490,P =0.009).There was no statistical difference between modeling group and any other group,and compared with control group,there was no statistical difference in sodium valproate-treated attacking group or intermission group.Conclusion The pathogenesis of migraine may be related to the expression level of GABAA receptor α1 mRNA.

Objective To investigate the effect of estrogen on the pain score,c-Fos and substance P expressions in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the mice following formalin stimulation.Methods Fifteen C57/BL6 mice were randomized to 3 groups: control group(intact mice without estrogen treatment),OVX+V group(ovariectomized mice given vehicle) and OVX+E group(ovariectomized mice with subcutaneous injection of 2 ?g/d 17?-estradiol for 10 d).Pain score was used to assay the role of estrogen in affecting pain threshold in the mice following formalin injected into the right hind paw,and expressions of c-Fos and substance P in the dorsal horn of spinal cord(L3 to L5) in 2 h after injection of formalin was tested with immunohistochemisty to evaluate neuron activity and pain afferent fibers.Results Pain score was increased in ovariectomized mice following formalin stimulation,which was inhibited by estrogen especially in the early stage of secondary phase.The number of c-Fos-like immunoreactivity neuron(FLIN,P

Objective To study the anatomical location and pathology of membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava(IVC)in Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS)with research on the etiologic mechanism and pathology.Methods Analysis of 100 normal adults was performed including the gross anatomy of IVC segment from the level of diaphragm up to right atrium.The conventional,microscopic pathologic examination of the biopsy sampling IVC obstruetice mambrane tissue in 70 cases toghther with the complete resected membrane from the radical therapy for 20 cases of BCS,were collected and under investigation.Results The macroscopic examination revealed the obstructive membrane in one case(1%)localizing at the diaphragmatic level,approximately 28 mm,away from the IVC entrance into the right atrium and a newly found valvula was seen on the left lateral wall of the upper part of the hepatic vein orifice.Simultaneously,47% adults showed Eustachiun valve existing in IVC near the entrance to right atrium.Microscopy confirmed all the forementioned membranes consisting of vascular valvular structures.Among them(21/70),30% showed additional organized thrombus formations,and 9%(6/70)with a few amount of inflammatory cellular infiltrations.The total intact resection membrane was continuous with the vascular wall under microscopic examination.Conclusions The first newly report of the existence of a special valvula at the diaphragmatic level of IVC reveals the possibility of high correlation with the occurance of IVC membranous obstruction type in BCS.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction on Fas/FasL in salivary glands of NOD mice with Sjogren's syndrome and their mRNA expression.

METHODThirty-two NOD mice were randomly divided into the model group, the traditional Chinese medicine group (TCM group, orally given 0.4 mL nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction as per 100 g x kg(-1) everyday), the hydroxychloroquine group (given 0.4 mL hydroxychloroquine as per 60 mg x kg(-1) everyday), the traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine group (TCM WM group, given nourishing Yin, Strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction 50 g x kg(-1) and hydroxychloroquine 60 mg x kg(-1), 0.4 mL everyday), with eight mice in each group. Eight Balb/C mice were selected as the normal control group (normal group). All of mice were killed after eight weeks, and their submaxillary glands were dissected. The expression levels of Fas/FasL were examined by immunohistochemical method, and the FasL mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTThe expression levels of Fas/FasL in salivary glands of the model group were higher than that of other groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of FasL of the normal group was much lower than that in the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05). The relative expression level of Fas mRNA in salivary glands of the model group was higher than that in other groups, but the control group was notably lower than other groups (P < 0.05). The expression level of FasL mRNA in salivary glands of the model group was higher than that in TCM and TCM WM groups (P < 0.05). But the expression level in TCM WM group was notably lower than the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction could down-regulate the expression level of Fas/FasL in salivary glands of NOD mice with Sjogren's syndrome and their mRNA expression, and had a better efficacy after being combined with hydroxychloroquine. The nourishing Yin, strengthening Qi and activating blood decoction might treat the Sjogren's Syndrome by reducing apoptosis which is regulated by Fas/FasL

Animals ; Fas Ligand Protein ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Qi ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salivary Glands ; metabolism ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; blood ; genetics ; therapy ; Yin-Yang ; fas Receptor ; genetics

An ancient genome duplication (PPP1) that predates divergence of the cereals has recently been recognized. We report here another potentially older large-scale duplication (PPP2) event that predates monocot-dicot divergence in the genome of rice (Oryza sativa L.), as inferred from the age distribution of pairs of duplicate genes based on recent genome data for rice. Our results suggest that paleopolyploidy was widespread and played an important role in the evolution of rice.
Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; methods ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation ; genetics ; Genome, Plant ; Oryza ; genetics ; Polyploidy

An ancient genome duplication (PPP 1) that predates divergence ofthe cereals has recently been recognihere another potentially older large-scale duplication (PPP2) event that predates monocot-dicot divergence in the genome of rice (Oryza sativa L.), as inferred from the age distribution of pairs of duplicate genes based on recent genome data for rice. Our results suggest that paleopolyploidy was widespread and played an important role in the evolution of rice.

Objective To explore surgical approach for internal mammary node biopsy in patients with breast cancer. Methods Modified radical mastectomy and incised intercostal muscles for internal mammary node biopsy was performed on 113 patients. The distance from the internal mammary artery to the lateral sternal border, and the intercostal distance between the two costal cartilage were measured. Anatomical location and maximal diameter of the excised nodes were recorded. Results The internal mammary artery runs through intercostal space along the lateral sternal border. The distance from the internal mammary artery to the lateral sternal border was (10. 9?4. 5) mm, (11.6?2.9) mm, (9.6?3.6) mm and (4.5?3.5) mm in the first, second, third and fourth intercostal space, respectively. The distance between the two costal cartilage was (14. 2?4. 1) mm, (16. 2?4. 2) mm, (13. 9?4. 3) mm and (9.9?3. 6) mm in the first,second, third and fourth intercostal space, respectively. Two hundred and seventy-nine internal mammary nodes were excised from 113 patients. The anatomical location of the internal mammary nodes which embedded in the fatty tissue surrounding internal mammary artery were 41. 2% at the medial side, 51. 6% at the lateral side and 7. 2% in an anterior plane to the internal mammary artery. Metastases in the internal mammary node were detected in 26 patients. The lymph nodes metastasis were detected only in the internal mammary nodes in 5 cases. Conclusion Internal mammary node biopsy via intercostal space is a feasible, minimally traumatic, low-risk procedure.

Medical simulation training as a modern medical education has been used for decades in developed countries. Simulation based team training for obstetric emergency provides opportunities to re-hearse without risks to patients and helps overcome some limitations of the current medical education to improve the ability of medical staff to deal with obstetric emergencies, and improve adverse pregnancy out-comes. Simulation training is still at early stage in China. The Simulation Training Center of Beijing Ob-stetrics&Gynecology Hospital was established in June 2013. There are 100 medical staffs from our hospital and 406 from other hospitals who are trained using simulations to respond to acute obstetrical emergencies, including postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal recovery, shoulder dystocia and amniotic fluid embolism. Through introduction—on-scene simulation training—task report, we focus on learning, practical operation, emer-gency team and multidisciplinary coordination and communication skills training and through training, help learners understand the medical simulation training mode, and improve personal and team's ability to deal with the obstetric emergency. There is no doubt that simulation training will be further developed in China. Further research is required to investigate the application significance and feasibility of simulation training and access effectiveness of it.

Objective To evaluate the application value of bedside lung ultrasound in diagnosis of neonatal severe pneumonia.Methods Bedside lung ultrasound and chest X-ray were performed in 59 the newborn patients admitted to the newborn department for suspected severe pneumonia,from October 2015 to March 2016.According to the characteristics of the chest X-ray,patients were divided into consolidation group (widely spot shadow in double lung and airbronchograms) and the unconsolidation group (enlargement,fuzzy texture in double lung or small patch sample changes) Differences in ultrasonic characteristics were compared between the two groups.Results Ultrasonic image characteristics were pulmonary consolidation with air bronchograms,A-line disappearance,pleural line abnormalities.Among 23 patients with chest X-ray,21 patients were found pulmonary consolidation by lung ultrasound,and all 36 patients in unconsolidation group were not found pulmonary consolidation by lung ultrasound,and there was no significant difference in the detection rate by lung ultrasound between the two groups (P＞0.05) The pulmonary ultrasound results of 20 cases in the consolidation group showed A-line disappearance,37 cases in the unconsolidation group showed A-line disappearance.There was no statistical significant differences between the two groups (P＞0.05).The pulmonary ultrasound results showed 11 cases in the consolidation group and 15 cases in the unconsolidation group with pleural line abnormalities,there was no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P＞O.05).Conclusions Ultrasound image characteristics of neonatal severe pneumonia include pulmonary consolidation and air bronchograms,A-line disappearance,pleural line abnormalities.Compared lung ultrasound and chest X-ray result,there was no difference between consolidation group and unconsolidation group.Both of the two methods can be used for evaluating the diagnosis of pneumonia.

Background Dry eye syndrome is a frequent postoperative complication of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).Some studies reported that the hinge location of corneal flap has influence on dry eye syndrome following LASIK,but others showed inverse views.Objective This systematic review was to evaluate and compare the effects of a superior-and nasal/temporal-hinge location on dry eye syndrome after LASIK.Methods A systematic literature retrieval was conducted in the Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library and CNKI from 1990 to 2011 according to designed searching strategy and relevant words.Published randomized-controlled clinical trial (RCT) data of the effect of superior-and nasal/temporal-hinge location on dry eye syndrome were extracted by two researchers separately.The outcome parameters,such as tear film breakup time (BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test and corneal sensation were analyzed 1 week,3 months and 6-12 months postoperatively.The statistical analysis was performed using a RevMan 5.0 software and the quality of included literatures were graded according to the Jadad scale.Fixedeffect model was used for the inhomogeneity multiple studies (P≥0.1,homogeneity test I2 ＜50％),and random-effect model was used for the homogeneity studies.Results Ten pieces RCT papers were searched and 3 of them were rejected because of the lack of outcome data.In 7 included studies,652 eyes of 331 patients were involved in the Meta analysis,with the Jadad scores ≥ 3.BUT assessment was performed in 5 trials (530 eyes),Schirmer Ⅰ test evaluation was in 7 trials (652 eyes) and corneal sensation observation was in 4 trials (320 eyes),without significant homogeneity among the relevant literature(I2＜50％).Meta analysis revealed that BUT in the eyes with superior-hinge group was obvious shorter than that in the eyes nasal/temporal-hinge group at 1 week (WMD =-0.42,95％ CI:-0.79 to-0.06,P=0.020),but there was no signifieant difference in 3 months and 6-12 months duration postoperatively.Better corneal sensation was found at postoperative 3 months (WMD=-0.62,95％CI:-l.09 to-0.19,P=0.005) in the nasal/temporal-hinge group,but there was no difference in 1 week and 6-12 months duration postoperatively.No significant difference was seen between the two groups in Schirmer Ⅰ test during the follow-up period (P＞0.05).Conclusions LASIK with nasal/temporal-hinge corneal flap can improve the corneal sensation and relief the dry eye syndrome after LASIK to some extent.More high-quality evidence-based studies are still needed for the further clinical evaluation.